Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), Jul 1, 2020
Bruxism is a parafunctional activity characterized by daytime (diurnal) or nighttime (nocturnal) ... more Bruxism is a parafunctional activity characterized by daytime (diurnal) or nighttime (nocturnal) tooth grinding and squeezing and causing various pathologies in oropharyngeal tissues. Buspirone is used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, to reduce the side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and to strengthen the treatment in depression and anxiety disorders. In addition to these uses, buspirone is also used in the treatment of bruxism in adults. In this study, it is aimed to summarize bruxism cases treated with buspirone in literature and to discuss treatment options. A systematic research was conducted on Pubmed, Google Academic and Web of Science databases to evaluate all peer-reviewed articles using buspirone in the treatment of bruxism. The whole study in which buspirone was used in the treatment of bruxism was included in the study. When evaluated on the basis of case reports, buspirone is seen as one of the psychotropes that can be used safely in the treatment of bruxism. In the treatment, it may be recommended to adjust the average daily dose to 10-20 mg and wait a minimum of 2 weeks, although the effectiveness may occur in a much shorter time. This study is important in terms of recommending buspirone, which has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bruxism in many cases, despite its various limitations and as a step for further studies on this subject.
The Dadaab Refugee Camp is located in Garissa County in North Eastern Kenya. It comprises five se... more The Dadaab Refugee Camp is located in Garissa County in North Eastern Kenya. It comprises five separate camps for refugees, most of whom are Somali, although it is also home to other refugees mostly from the horn of African, including Ethiopia and Sudan. Given the difficult life in the refugee camp, residents lead a difficult life, but have devised ways of entertainment and expression of their fears, hopes and daily struggles through music. This study analyses the forms of music adopted by the youth in Dadaab. The themes in the music are interrogated as well as the crucial role this music plays in the context of the refugee situation.
The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2020
Human beings discovered alcoholic beverages in prehistoric times. It was a product of natural fer... more Human beings discovered alcoholic beverages in prehistoric times. It was a product of natural fermentation but was later produced deliberately from starchy and sugary plants (Keller, 1979). It dated back to over 7000 BC (Phillips, 2014) and was described biblically in the era of Lot and Noah when drunkenness was widespread thus, closely linked to the history of mankind (Waithima and Wahome, 2019). The use of alcoholic beverages around the world is said to be as old as agriculture (Myadze and Rwomire, 2014). People, throughout the history of nations, were familiar with alcoholic beverages used during festivities such as marriage, birth celebrations, and successful hunting (Hamdan-Mansour, 2016). The advancement in technology has led to large scale alcohol production and consumption and expanded the alcohol market. Alcohol is attributed to 5% of the global burden of diseases and is the leading risk factor causing mortality and morbidity in the world (GDB, 2013). Consumption of alcohol contributes to a 5.2% global burden of diseases (Mkuu, Barry, Swahn, and Nafukho (2019) through increased exposure to HIV infections, cardiovascular diseases, pneumonia, and tuberculosis (Mkuu, Barry, Ishino, and Amuta, 2018). Approximately 3.3 million deaths in 2012 were attributed to alcohol misuse (WHO, 2014). The effects of alcohol consumption are adverse, ranging from health risks among individuals, family, friends, and society at large (Sudhinaraset, Wigglesworth, and Tekeuchi (2016). Globally, alcoholic beverages are of two kinds; recorded and unrecorded alcohol. The recorded alcohol are formal alcoholic beverages with standardized production. They are regulated, controlled, and legally sold within specified territories. The unrecorded alcohol is unregulated, hence, illicitly produced by either unlicensed industries or homebrewed, smuggled across borders, consumed in unregistered jurisdictions and surrogate alcohol, not intended for human consumption (Mkuu, Barry, Ishino, and Amuta, 2018). Cultural norms are strong predictors of alcohol consumption regardless of race and ethnicity. They vary across continents, nations, and communities (Sudhinaraset, Wiggleworth, and Tekeuchi, 2016). Some communities value alcohol consumption others demonize it (Monaco et al, 2020). As a cultural artifact, the norms regulating the consumption of
Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of order of reinstatement and o... more Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of order of reinstatement and order of compensation on the HRM practices in state corporations in Kenya. Methodology: This study employed an explanatory research design. The study population comprised of 200 court decisions in the Industrial Court relating to cases falling under the purview of Human Resource Management and these cases covered the period from 2013 to 2015. The rationale for this period is because the Constitution was promulgated in 2010. The new Constitution has provisions relating to fundamental rights and labour laws that govern and affect Human Resource Management. The cases filed in the Industrial Court after the new Constitution came into force were not determined immediately, hence the need for the study to deal with decisions made from 2013 to 2015. This study used simple random sampling design to sample the state corporations whereby the human resource manager was selected to represent a state ...
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of performance management pra... more Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of performance management practices on performance contracting outcomes in the Ministry of Education, Science and TechnologyMethodology: The study employed a descriptive case study research design. The target population consisted of all the 600 employees in all cadres of members of staff in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology that were based in the headquarters. In this study, a sample of 15% of the total population was used. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) computer software.Results: The study findings revealed that staff development, work planning, strategic planning and financial resource allocation had positive and significant effects on performance contracting outcomes in the ministry.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that the ministry had to undertake qu...
Education not only empowers individuals to live a better quality life, it also makes an enormous ... more Education not only empowers individuals to live a better quality life, it also makes an enormous contribution to the development of a society. It is, however, very challenging to provide quality education to communities afflicted by conflict, particularly refugees. The study examined the role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the provision of education in conflicted societies. Specifically, the study analysed the role played by Windle Trust-Kenya in the provision of education among the refugees’ communities in Dadaab refugee Camps in Kenya. The study interrogated not only the strategies used by the Organization to promote education among the refugees, but also the challenges encountered in the provision of education in the specific refugee camps in Dadaab. The study employed a descriptive research design in order to probe into the efforts of the Organization towards supporting refugee education. Programme managers who have worked for Windle Trust Kenya, teachers employed by the O...
Public participation plays an important role in the democratization of countries globally. The ac... more Public participation plays an important role in the democratization of countries globally. The accomplishment of public participation process is determined by how well it is organized. This study sought to examine the effects of public participation on local legislation in Banadir region of Somalia. The study was guided by the following objectives, to investigate factors that led to public participation, examine the design of public participation mechanism; investigate the process of public participation and analyze the consequences of public participation. The research will employ a descriptive research design. The study population comprised all the stakeholders including the youth, elders, staff employed by the regional government, the clergy, politicians and the non-governmental organizations involved in public participation in Banadir region. Purposive sampling was done to come up with the sample size of the study. Regarding the variance among the target population, where a num...
The declaration of a new constitution of Kenya on 31st August 2010 successfully made two levels o... more The declaration of a new constitution of Kenya on 31st August 2010 successfully made two levels of government; the national and county governments. Establishment of health services is one of the tasks that were devolved to the county. Devolution of health functions was meant to enhance access to more-fair and top-notch health services to the Kenyan citizens. This study sought to analyze the effect of devolution on human resource performance in healthcare sector in Kenya with special focus on Garissa County. The study specific objectives included to; examine how devolution has affected recruitment of health care staff in Garissa County; to analyze how devolution has affected training of health care staff in Garissa County. The study was guided by new public management theory. The study employed a descriptive research design to examine the effect of devolution on human resource performance in healthcare sector in Kenya. The target population was the healthcare workers with management ...
Maternal healthcare is an integral part of the Millennium development goals. However, most develo... more Maternal healthcare is an integral part of the Millennium development goals. However, most developing countries have been experimenting with different types of interventions to increase access and utilization of maternal care services. Health care devolution was greeted with great anticipation in Kenya as a means of bringing services closer to the people. However, since the implementation of the recent devolution reforms, criticism has mounted, with evidence of corruption, poor management, late payment of county staff and considerable disaffection among service providers, especially health professionals. Thus, this study assessed the effects of devolution on maternal health care in Nairobi City County in Kenya. Particularly, the study examined the situation of maternal healthcare before and after devolution and how devolution as affected provision of maternal healthcare in Nairobi City County. The study also assessed how devolution affected maternal health care programs implementat...
Security service delivery in public sector is crucial as it entails protecting government personn... more Security service delivery in public sector is crucial as it entails protecting government personnel as well as property. Therefore, security is increasingly viewed as a key condition for economic growth and development. Lack or ineffective security service delivery weakens the performance of any organization. This study sought to determine if service delivery improves as a result of outsourcing of security services to commercial state owned enterprises in Kenya. Specifically, this research aimed at determining the effects of outsourcing cash protection, body guarding, property protection and information/data protection services on security service delivery of selected commercial state owned enterprises in Nairobi City County in Kenya. The study was guided by two theories; the Functionalist model and securitization theory. A descriptive research design was adopted. The target population for this study was a census of all the 29 selected commercial state owned enterprises. The study t...
Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), Jul 1, 2020
Bruxism is a parafunctional activity characterized by daytime (diurnal) or nighttime (nocturnal) ... more Bruxism is a parafunctional activity characterized by daytime (diurnal) or nighttime (nocturnal) tooth grinding and squeezing and causing various pathologies in oropharyngeal tissues. Buspirone is used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, to reduce the side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and to strengthen the treatment in depression and anxiety disorders. In addition to these uses, buspirone is also used in the treatment of bruxism in adults. In this study, it is aimed to summarize bruxism cases treated with buspirone in literature and to discuss treatment options. A systematic research was conducted on Pubmed, Google Academic and Web of Science databases to evaluate all peer-reviewed articles using buspirone in the treatment of bruxism. The whole study in which buspirone was used in the treatment of bruxism was included in the study. When evaluated on the basis of case reports, buspirone is seen as one of the psychotropes that can be used safely in the treatment of bruxism. In the treatment, it may be recommended to adjust the average daily dose to 10-20 mg and wait a minimum of 2 weeks, although the effectiveness may occur in a much shorter time. This study is important in terms of recommending buspirone, which has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bruxism in many cases, despite its various limitations and as a step for further studies on this subject.
The Dadaab Refugee Camp is located in Garissa County in North Eastern Kenya. It comprises five se... more The Dadaab Refugee Camp is located in Garissa County in North Eastern Kenya. It comprises five separate camps for refugees, most of whom are Somali, although it is also home to other refugees mostly from the horn of African, including Ethiopia and Sudan. Given the difficult life in the refugee camp, residents lead a difficult life, but have devised ways of entertainment and expression of their fears, hopes and daily struggles through music. This study analyses the forms of music adopted by the youth in Dadaab. The themes in the music are interrogated as well as the crucial role this music plays in the context of the refugee situation.
The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2020
Human beings discovered alcoholic beverages in prehistoric times. It was a product of natural fer... more Human beings discovered alcoholic beverages in prehistoric times. It was a product of natural fermentation but was later produced deliberately from starchy and sugary plants (Keller, 1979). It dated back to over 7000 BC (Phillips, 2014) and was described biblically in the era of Lot and Noah when drunkenness was widespread thus, closely linked to the history of mankind (Waithima and Wahome, 2019). The use of alcoholic beverages around the world is said to be as old as agriculture (Myadze and Rwomire, 2014). People, throughout the history of nations, were familiar with alcoholic beverages used during festivities such as marriage, birth celebrations, and successful hunting (Hamdan-Mansour, 2016). The advancement in technology has led to large scale alcohol production and consumption and expanded the alcohol market. Alcohol is attributed to 5% of the global burden of diseases and is the leading risk factor causing mortality and morbidity in the world (GDB, 2013). Consumption of alcohol contributes to a 5.2% global burden of diseases (Mkuu, Barry, Swahn, and Nafukho (2019) through increased exposure to HIV infections, cardiovascular diseases, pneumonia, and tuberculosis (Mkuu, Barry, Ishino, and Amuta, 2018). Approximately 3.3 million deaths in 2012 were attributed to alcohol misuse (WHO, 2014). The effects of alcohol consumption are adverse, ranging from health risks among individuals, family, friends, and society at large (Sudhinaraset, Wigglesworth, and Tekeuchi (2016). Globally, alcoholic beverages are of two kinds; recorded and unrecorded alcohol. The recorded alcohol are formal alcoholic beverages with standardized production. They are regulated, controlled, and legally sold within specified territories. The unrecorded alcohol is unregulated, hence, illicitly produced by either unlicensed industries or homebrewed, smuggled across borders, consumed in unregistered jurisdictions and surrogate alcohol, not intended for human consumption (Mkuu, Barry, Ishino, and Amuta, 2018). Cultural norms are strong predictors of alcohol consumption regardless of race and ethnicity. They vary across continents, nations, and communities (Sudhinaraset, Wiggleworth, and Tekeuchi, 2016). Some communities value alcohol consumption others demonize it (Monaco et al, 2020). As a cultural artifact, the norms regulating the consumption of
Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of order of reinstatement and o... more Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of order of reinstatement and order of compensation on the HRM practices in state corporations in Kenya. Methodology: This study employed an explanatory research design. The study population comprised of 200 court decisions in the Industrial Court relating to cases falling under the purview of Human Resource Management and these cases covered the period from 2013 to 2015. The rationale for this period is because the Constitution was promulgated in 2010. The new Constitution has provisions relating to fundamental rights and labour laws that govern and affect Human Resource Management. The cases filed in the Industrial Court after the new Constitution came into force were not determined immediately, hence the need for the study to deal with decisions made from 2013 to 2015. This study used simple random sampling design to sample the state corporations whereby the human resource manager was selected to represent a state ...
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of performance management pra... more Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of performance management practices on performance contracting outcomes in the Ministry of Education, Science and TechnologyMethodology: The study employed a descriptive case study research design. The target population consisted of all the 600 employees in all cadres of members of staff in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology that were based in the headquarters. In this study, a sample of 15% of the total population was used. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) computer software.Results: The study findings revealed that staff development, work planning, strategic planning and financial resource allocation had positive and significant effects on performance contracting outcomes in the ministry.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that the ministry had to undertake qu...
Education not only empowers individuals to live a better quality life, it also makes an enormous ... more Education not only empowers individuals to live a better quality life, it also makes an enormous contribution to the development of a society. It is, however, very challenging to provide quality education to communities afflicted by conflict, particularly refugees. The study examined the role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the provision of education in conflicted societies. Specifically, the study analysed the role played by Windle Trust-Kenya in the provision of education among the refugees’ communities in Dadaab refugee Camps in Kenya. The study interrogated not only the strategies used by the Organization to promote education among the refugees, but also the challenges encountered in the provision of education in the specific refugee camps in Dadaab. The study employed a descriptive research design in order to probe into the efforts of the Organization towards supporting refugee education. Programme managers who have worked for Windle Trust Kenya, teachers employed by the O...
Public participation plays an important role in the democratization of countries globally. The ac... more Public participation plays an important role in the democratization of countries globally. The accomplishment of public participation process is determined by how well it is organized. This study sought to examine the effects of public participation on local legislation in Banadir region of Somalia. The study was guided by the following objectives, to investigate factors that led to public participation, examine the design of public participation mechanism; investigate the process of public participation and analyze the consequences of public participation. The research will employ a descriptive research design. The study population comprised all the stakeholders including the youth, elders, staff employed by the regional government, the clergy, politicians and the non-governmental organizations involved in public participation in Banadir region. Purposive sampling was done to come up with the sample size of the study. Regarding the variance among the target population, where a num...
The declaration of a new constitution of Kenya on 31st August 2010 successfully made two levels o... more The declaration of a new constitution of Kenya on 31st August 2010 successfully made two levels of government; the national and county governments. Establishment of health services is one of the tasks that were devolved to the county. Devolution of health functions was meant to enhance access to more-fair and top-notch health services to the Kenyan citizens. This study sought to analyze the effect of devolution on human resource performance in healthcare sector in Kenya with special focus on Garissa County. The study specific objectives included to; examine how devolution has affected recruitment of health care staff in Garissa County; to analyze how devolution has affected training of health care staff in Garissa County. The study was guided by new public management theory. The study employed a descriptive research design to examine the effect of devolution on human resource performance in healthcare sector in Kenya. The target population was the healthcare workers with management ...
Maternal healthcare is an integral part of the Millennium development goals. However, most develo... more Maternal healthcare is an integral part of the Millennium development goals. However, most developing countries have been experimenting with different types of interventions to increase access and utilization of maternal care services. Health care devolution was greeted with great anticipation in Kenya as a means of bringing services closer to the people. However, since the implementation of the recent devolution reforms, criticism has mounted, with evidence of corruption, poor management, late payment of county staff and considerable disaffection among service providers, especially health professionals. Thus, this study assessed the effects of devolution on maternal health care in Nairobi City County in Kenya. Particularly, the study examined the situation of maternal healthcare before and after devolution and how devolution as affected provision of maternal healthcare in Nairobi City County. The study also assessed how devolution affected maternal health care programs implementat...
Security service delivery in public sector is crucial as it entails protecting government personn... more Security service delivery in public sector is crucial as it entails protecting government personnel as well as property. Therefore, security is increasingly viewed as a key condition for economic growth and development. Lack or ineffective security service delivery weakens the performance of any organization. This study sought to determine if service delivery improves as a result of outsourcing of security services to commercial state owned enterprises in Kenya. Specifically, this research aimed at determining the effects of outsourcing cash protection, body guarding, property protection and information/data protection services on security service delivery of selected commercial state owned enterprises in Nairobi City County in Kenya. The study was guided by two theories; the Functionalist model and securitization theory. A descriptive research design was adopted. The target population for this study was a census of all the 29 selected commercial state owned enterprises. The study t...
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