The investigation collected 50 random water samples from wells and bore holes in the five wards. ... more The investigation collected 50 random water samples from wells and bore holes in the five wards. In the meantime, the Water Quality Index (WQI) in this region was assessed using a novel machine learning model. In this sphere of science, the Emotional Artificial Neural Network (EANN) was used as an innovative technique. The training dataset comprised 80% of the available data, while the remaining 20% was used to assess the performance of the network. The laboratory analysis revealed that the levels of magnesium (0.581 mg/L), mercury (0.0143 mg/L), iron (0.82 mg/L), lead (0.69 mg/L), calcium (2.03 mg/L), and total dissolved solid (105 mg/L) in the water sample were quite high and exceeded the maximum permissible limits established by the National Standard Water Quality (NSWQ) and Water Quality Association (WQA). Except for magnesium, mercury, iron, and lead, all physicochemical parameters are below the utmost permissible limit. Results showed that hydrogeological effects and anthropogenic activities, such as waste management and land use, impact groundwater pollution in the Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State up to 60 m deep. The results of the EANN showed that R 2 index and normalized root mean square error (RMSE Normalized) values for the training and test stages are 0.89 and 0.18, and 0.83 and 0.23, respectively.
The study analyzed the effects of artisanal mining activities on groundwater quality in Antang di... more The study analyzed the effects of artisanal mining activities on groundwater quality in Antang district of Jema'a Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Groundwater samples was collected from ten (10) randomly selected hand dug wells around the min pits in the peak of the rainy and dry seasons for two years 2018 and 2019, while groundwater samples were collected from two (2) randomly selected hand dug wells in Gidan Waya at the same time period to serve as control. The samples were taken to the laboratory within twenty-four hours for analysis, used, that is; the gravimetric and volumetric techniques parameters were measured and mean values recorded. The results revealed that the level of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, iron, magnesium, electrical conductivity, turbidity, and hardness in the water sample were quite high. With the exception of pH and Total Coliform (TCC), all other physico-chemical parameters measured were higher and have exceeded the maximum permissible limits given by the National Standard of Drinking Water Quality (Nigeria) and World Health Organization (WHO). Index (WQI) analysis carried out for groundwater samples in Antang revealed that most samples exhibited poor water quality as such considered unfit for drinking. some pollutants in groundwater at various sampling points in Antang, was observed a level of these pollutants at varying degrees was found largely due to Since the treatment given to the raw water is disinfection alone, there is tendency of these pollutants to persist in groundwater and its uptake may cause long term problems.
The study examines public health effects of effluent discharge of Kaduna refinery on River Romi. ... more The study examines public health effects of effluent discharge of Kaduna refinery on River Romi. The study carried out in two years (2010 to 2011) had water samples collected in two seasons (rainy and dry seasons) and a range of physico-chemical and microbial parameters were measured. The results reveal that all the parameters measured were far and above the World health Organization (WHO) maximum permissible limits, the study identified potential health effects of the presence of these parameters in the water of River Romi. The significance of water to the health and well-being of human populations' is increasingly apparent. Water pollution particularly from industrial effluents is a worldwide problem and its potential to influence the health of human populations is great.<br> There is no doubt that excessive levels of pollution are causing a lot of damage to human and animal health.
This study examines the socio-economic impact of Lamingo dam on the residents of Jos area close t... more This study examines the socio-economic impact of Lamingo dam on the residents of Jos area close to the dam. Primary data was collected from households residing in the area. 102 copies of well-structured questionnaires were administered to the households. Questions were related to the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and benefits or otherwise they derive from the presence of the dam. Questions regarding the type of socio-economic activities that have sprang up as result of the presence of the dam. Data collected were analyzed using tables. The study result revealed that the presence of the dam in the study area impacted negatively on some of the socio-economic parameters such as health and land value, thus making the inhabitants of the area blame the dam for some water borne related diseases within the study area. The positive impact of the refinery on the study area is the increase in income generating ventures,commercial activities, domestic and industrial water sup...
Town planning is a dynamic profession that works to improve the welfare of people and their commu... more Town planning is a dynamic profession that works to improve the welfare of people and their communities by creating more convenient, equitable, healthful, efficient and attractive places for present and future generations. It is therefore necessary for planning to be in control and take charge of the responsibilities of the emerging challenges as such, this paper examines the contribution of non-town planning legislation/policies in the development and practice of town planning in Nigeria. There are various legislations and policies formulated for the country that are both planning and non-planning in nature, but all these legislations and policies may not likely work if they are not interwoven or making any significant contributing to town planning practice in Nigeria. Among the notable ones are, the National Information Technology Policy, the nation's policy on the Millennium Development Goals and The National Strategic Health Development Plan Framework, all of which have cont...
This study examines the peoples’ perception and their response to gully erosion in Jos South, Pla... more This study examines the peoples’ perception and their response to gully erosion in Jos South, Plateau State, to achieve this, four out of the nine wards affected by the problem were selected for the study and 150 copies of well structured questionnaires were administered to the residents of the area. The returned questionnaires were analyzed using simple percentages and charts. Also, Landsat ETM image 2014 of Jos South was obtained from the National Centre for Remote Sensing, Jos office and was used to map the gullies in the area. The results showed that though natural parameters such as rainfall, the slope of the area and topography of the area influences the problem, anthropogenic parameters such as mining and deforestation were identified to have profound influence. The result also revealed that majority (47%) of the respondents are highly aware of the gully problem in the area, the people’s demographic and socio-economic status affects their response to the problem, since majori...
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2015
This study was carried out to investigate the landscape segments suitable for agricultural purpos... more This study was carried out to investigate the landscape segments suitable for agricultural purpose in a volcanic land catena of Kerang Area on the Jos Plateau. A reconnaissance survey of the study area was carried out and three different slope segments were identified, a total of 41 surface soil samples were taken from the three segments using a stratified systematic sampling. These soils were then analyzed for the physical and chemical properties. The result of the analyses revealed that the organic matter, total nitrogen, soil P H and exchangeable (Ca Mg) decline down slope, however, potassium (K) and sodium (Na) increase down slope. Co-efficient of variation of the soil properties for the three different slope segments showed low variability for the upper slope (crest and shoulder), exception being that phosphorus (43.10%) and potassium (41.10%) exhibited moderate variability. At the middle slope, the co-efficient of variation exhibited by soil properties is predominantly moderat...
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2015
Slum is a squatter settlement that is formed as a result of infiltration of people particularly i... more Slum is a squatter settlement that is formed as a result of infiltration of people particularly into urban areas. The study aimed at identifying slum characteristics and how they contribute to environmental deterioration within the study area, systematic sampling technique was adopted to select households for the study. In analyzing the problems of the selected slums in Jos, a total of 347 well structured questionnaires were distributed to selected households in the study area, after the survey instrument was protested effectively in a pilot survey, which involved 50 questionnaires were administered and were recovered for the analysis. The results revealed that most of the household size in the selected slums is between 5 to 9 persons, the number of persons per room falls between 6-7 persons per room, this indicate that the average occupancy ratio in the selected slums is quite high, most of the buildings in the selected slums were built between 11 to 15 years ago similarly, the pre...
The study aimed at assessing the socio-economic impact of the operations of petrol stations on Ka... more The study aimed at assessing the socio-economic impact of the operations of petrol stations on Karu community. Systematic Sampling method was used where 1/3 of the total functional petrol stations in the area were selected and assessed, questionnaires were administered random to the inhabitants of the study area to have an insight as to what socio-economic parameters are affected by the operations of petrol stations in the area and checklist form were administered on each sampled station. Simple percentage method was adopted for analysis expressed in form of charts and figures to reveal the degres of positive and negative impacts of the stations on certain socio-economic variables as traffic, psychological, pollution, health, job creation and demographic effects. Suggestions were made towards improving the socioeconomic conditions of the impacted population in the study area and general improvement of the surrounding environment. copyright@2013cepa
Municipal solid waste constitutes man’s unwanted materials that need to be discarded. It is consi... more Municipal solid waste constitutes man’s unwanted materials that need to be discarded. It is consisting of substances, materials and objects considered as worthless or defective and of no value for human economic productive activities –at a point in time. Apart from constituting an eye sore to urban environment it constitute health hazards and threatens the health of man and animals in the city. This research attempts an assessment of the performance of Plateau Environmental agency, the research made use of both primary and secondary data. Data generated was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while inferential technique of chi-square was used to test the research hypothesis. Results obtained shows that majority of the respondents were traders (34.3%) with secondary education (36%). Forty-five percent (45%) of landuse type responsible for waste generation is residential that 42% of waste generated is mostly ashes. Majority of waste containers used are plastic (33%) and that 52% of...
This study examines public health effects of improper hospital waste disposal. Primary data was c... more This study examines public health effects of improper hospital waste disposal. Primary data was collected from households residing in the area. 124 copies of well structured questionnaires were administered to the households. Questions were related to socio-economic characteristics of households and health effects of improper hospital waste management. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive methods. The study result reveals that the disposal of untreated hospital wastes poses an environmental threat and public health risk. Indiscriminate disposal of untreated hospital waste is often the cause for the spread of several infectious diseases. It is also responsible for hospital acquired diseases to the health care personnel who handle these wastes at the point of generation. Apart from the above, a good amount of hospital wastes such as disposable syringes, infusion bags, I.V. fluid bottles etc. are picked up by rag pickers and are recycled back into the market without any disin...
It is an indisputable fact that the global climate is changing. These changes have been attribute... more It is an indisputable fact that the global climate is changing. These changes have been attributed to natural variability and human activity on the environment. Climate change poses serious challenges and takes centre stage in the global agenda as an issue calling for corporate strategies and appropriate measures by countries, communities, and individuals. The United Nations and other actors are responding to the challenge with the major focus on the development of strategies, and policy framework. These approaches are used to attain sustainable community-climate related livelihoods. It is on this basis, that this paper examines Climate Change and Poverty and its impact in Nigeria. It was revealed from the study that the means of livelihood is being affected by climate change. These impacts are as a result of devastating effects of flooding, drought, erosion, desertification, sea level rise, heat stress, pests and diseases, erratic rainfall patterns, etc which are all due to climate...
This study aimed ²₁=ƩƮtablishing a relationship that exists between population increase and water... more This study aimed ²₁=ƩƮtablishing a relationship that exists between population increase and water supply in the city of Jos. The approach was based on the analysis of ten (10) years data on population and water supply in Jos, coupled with the use of well structured questionnaires to generate data from the field. The ten year data on population and water supply where gotten from the National Population Commission and the Plateau State Water Board respectively. The data were used to determine the population trend and the trend of water supply in the city for the past ten years, by eliciting respondents’ views to determine government’s contributions to the improvement of water supply in the city as well as to determine the kind of relationship that exists between population increase and water supply in Jos, using various statistical techniques such as trend analysis, Spearman’s Rank Correlation and filtering in Time Series. The population of Jos was found to be on the increase for the ...
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, Nov 2, 2014
Environmental issues are meant to be operationalized through the formulation of actor-specific en... more Environmental issues are meant to be operationalized through the formulation of actor-specific environmental actions plans, which define priority action that will convert strategy into practice. The Environmental Planning and Management (EPM) process which is an increasingly popularized strategy of solving the myriads of problems affecting the environment in contemporary world. The study examines the use of Environmental Planning and Management (EPM) process as a strategy of solving environmental problems in Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria by investigating the perception of the general public on the state of the environment in the area, level of participation of people in compliance to existing environmental strategies, causes of ineffective environmental management in the area and assessing community satisfaction with existing environmental management approach using well structured questionnaires administered to sampled households. Questions were related to socioeconomic characteristics of households, willingness to participate by the community in the EPM process, perceived level of environmental degradation in the area, level of compliance of oil and gas companies to environmental laws and the role of Government environment protection agencies in protecting the environment of the study area. The results confirm that the level of damage from oil exploration, gas activities, pollution and pipeline vandalizations is chronic and cumulative, which has resulted to the degradation of the environment, routine of facilities and compliancy to environmental management approaches are not regular, facilities and equipment were found be grossly inadequate therefore proper inspection can not be well carried out, the community expressed dissatisfaction with the existing environment approach which they attributed to the inability of fully implementing the environmental approach, the community indicated that given the opportunity they are willing to participate in evolving an effective environmental management approach. Recommendations were made for the effective and efficient application of the EPM process in the study area.
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, Nov 2, 2014
This study examines water supply and sanitation situation in some selected areas of Kaduna metrop... more This study examines water supply and sanitation situation in some selected areas of Kaduna metropolis. Primary data was collected from households residing in the area and. 366 copies of well structured questionnaires were administered to the households. Questions were related to the water supply and sanitation situation of households. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive methods. The study result reveals that majority of households in the study area use hand dug wells as their major source of water supply while privately owned boreholes; Kaduna State Water Board, water vendors and streams are other main sources. The risk of various sanitation related infections and diseases are high in the study area due to the poor methods of solid waste disposal. The implication of these poor solid waste disposal methods by the households in the study area is that; people who live close to waste dumps are exposed to various health risks. The paper recommends that the private sector be involved in water supply in the areas of fund mobilization for the construction, maintenance, rehabilitation and expansion of water supply and sanitation facilities in Kaduna metropolis as well as government agencies responsible for the provision of water supply and sanitation facilities should be adequately funded and equipped to carry out their services to the people in order to reach the goal 7 of the MDG 2015 target.
Nimbia Forest Reserve was established in 1957 as a plantation site to increase the productivity a... more Nimbia Forest Reserve was established in 1957 as a plantation site to increase the productivity and curb desertification of the semi-arid zone of the Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. But human activities has been acknowledged as a vital factor militating against the realization of this noble objective. This study attempts the use of GIS and Remote Sensing in mapping land cover in the study area between 1986, 1998 and 2007 so as to detect the changes that may have taken place in the study area between these periods as a result of human activities. The study utilized data from field surveys, remote sensed data and geographical information system technique, four main methods of data analysis were adopted in this study namely calculation of the Area in hectares of the resulting land cover types for each study year and subsequently comparing the results, Markov Chain and Cellular Automata Analysis for predicting change, Overlay Operations and Maximum Likelihood Classification. Subsequently, an attempt was made at projecting the observed land cover changes. The result obtained showed that some features will be lost to other features and possible reasons for that were evaluated. Recommendation were put forward to help curb the problem.
International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2014
The environment is considered as man's important asset that must be protected for his life suppor... more The environment is considered as man's important asset that must be protected for his life support. Regrettably, the situation is different where oil refinery and petrochemical plants operate. Environmental pollution in the form of emissions and effluent discharge in these areas poses serious threat to the ecosystem particularly soil, often with undesirable effects. This paper, therefore, takes a look at the refinery operations in Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC). The study collected soil samples using soil Auger at 500 metres interval along four (4) transects in two years (i.e 2012-2013) and both in the wet and dry season of each year. Soil samples collected were taken to the laboratory for analysis and emphasis placed on those soil properties directly affecting soil fertility status which are: water holding capacity, soil acidity, macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), micro nutrients (Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur), the results from the laboratory analysis on those properties affecting soil fertility were compared with National standard (maximum permissible limits) on those properties and discovers soil contaminations with liquid gaseous and solid waste disposal from the refinery. Policy recommendations are set forth based on research findings with a view to minimizing the effects of emissions from the Refining plants and Petrochemical complex on the environmental components particularly soil in the study area.
This paper appraises the Fadama II project impact on it's beneficiaries in Kagarko Local Governme... more This paper appraises the Fadama II project impact on it's beneficiaries in Kagarko Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Primary data was collected from beneficiaries and farmers residing in the area using 783 copies of well structured questionnaire which were administered to the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive methods. The study result reveals that accessing agricultural inputs keeps degenerating rather than improving because the rate of providing the inputs to the genuine users has always been impeded by so many factors and where the inputs are accessed, the technique to apply for better yield is deficient on the users Government over the years has attempted to tackle the problem by direct intervention and/or through agencies. Fadama II is one of such attempts made by the government where Fadama resources are harnessed through the impartation of techniques to the Fadama users to explore the resources to sustainably increase their output. The success of the programme has led Government to expand the scope of the project, it is with this belief that the recommendation as proffered will go a long way to make the new programme successful.
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
This paper reviews wildlife crime in developing countries, its effects on rural livelihoods and t... more This paper reviews wildlife crime in developing countries, its effects on rural livelihoods and the measures taken to curb it. The key question is whether the efforts made by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES) and other organizations in conjunction with various nations is paying off. While efforts by CITES are being lauded, individuals and governments have violated the laws that regulate exports, imports and re-exports of wild. Thus, this crime has pushed such species, especially the endangered species to the brink of extinction, hence impacting on the livelihoods of the rural poor. Rural poverty, food insecurity, corruption, lack of law enforcement, corporate crime, lack of legislation, conflicts, and increasing demand have been identified as the main drivers of this crime. Trade suspensions of non-compliance nations by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora, seizures of wildlife species and...
The investigation collected 50 random water samples from wells and bore holes in the five wards. ... more The investigation collected 50 random water samples from wells and bore holes in the five wards. In the meantime, the Water Quality Index (WQI) in this region was assessed using a novel machine learning model. In this sphere of science, the Emotional Artificial Neural Network (EANN) was used as an innovative technique. The training dataset comprised 80% of the available data, while the remaining 20% was used to assess the performance of the network. The laboratory analysis revealed that the levels of magnesium (0.581 mg/L), mercury (0.0143 mg/L), iron (0.82 mg/L), lead (0.69 mg/L), calcium (2.03 mg/L), and total dissolved solid (105 mg/L) in the water sample were quite high and exceeded the maximum permissible limits established by the National Standard Water Quality (NSWQ) and Water Quality Association (WQA). Except for magnesium, mercury, iron, and lead, all physicochemical parameters are below the utmost permissible limit. Results showed that hydrogeological effects and anthropogenic activities, such as waste management and land use, impact groundwater pollution in the Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State up to 60 m deep. The results of the EANN showed that R 2 index and normalized root mean square error (RMSE Normalized) values for the training and test stages are 0.89 and 0.18, and 0.83 and 0.23, respectively.
The study analyzed the effects of artisanal mining activities on groundwater quality in Antang di... more The study analyzed the effects of artisanal mining activities on groundwater quality in Antang district of Jema'a Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Groundwater samples was collected from ten (10) randomly selected hand dug wells around the min pits in the peak of the rainy and dry seasons for two years 2018 and 2019, while groundwater samples were collected from two (2) randomly selected hand dug wells in Gidan Waya at the same time period to serve as control. The samples were taken to the laboratory within twenty-four hours for analysis, used, that is; the gravimetric and volumetric techniques parameters were measured and mean values recorded. The results revealed that the level of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, iron, magnesium, electrical conductivity, turbidity, and hardness in the water sample were quite high. With the exception of pH and Total Coliform (TCC), all other physico-chemical parameters measured were higher and have exceeded the maximum permissible limits given by the National Standard of Drinking Water Quality (Nigeria) and World Health Organization (WHO). Index (WQI) analysis carried out for groundwater samples in Antang revealed that most samples exhibited poor water quality as such considered unfit for drinking. some pollutants in groundwater at various sampling points in Antang, was observed a level of these pollutants at varying degrees was found largely due to Since the treatment given to the raw water is disinfection alone, there is tendency of these pollutants to persist in groundwater and its uptake may cause long term problems.
The study examines public health effects of effluent discharge of Kaduna refinery on River Romi. ... more The study examines public health effects of effluent discharge of Kaduna refinery on River Romi. The study carried out in two years (2010 to 2011) had water samples collected in two seasons (rainy and dry seasons) and a range of physico-chemical and microbial parameters were measured. The results reveal that all the parameters measured were far and above the World health Organization (WHO) maximum permissible limits, the study identified potential health effects of the presence of these parameters in the water of River Romi. The significance of water to the health and well-being of human populations' is increasingly apparent. Water pollution particularly from industrial effluents is a worldwide problem and its potential to influence the health of human populations is great.<br> There is no doubt that excessive levels of pollution are causing a lot of damage to human and animal health.
This study examines the socio-economic impact of Lamingo dam on the residents of Jos area close t... more This study examines the socio-economic impact of Lamingo dam on the residents of Jos area close to the dam. Primary data was collected from households residing in the area. 102 copies of well-structured questionnaires were administered to the households. Questions were related to the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and benefits or otherwise they derive from the presence of the dam. Questions regarding the type of socio-economic activities that have sprang up as result of the presence of the dam. Data collected were analyzed using tables. The study result revealed that the presence of the dam in the study area impacted negatively on some of the socio-economic parameters such as health and land value, thus making the inhabitants of the area blame the dam for some water borne related diseases within the study area. The positive impact of the refinery on the study area is the increase in income generating ventures,commercial activities, domestic and industrial water sup...
Town planning is a dynamic profession that works to improve the welfare of people and their commu... more Town planning is a dynamic profession that works to improve the welfare of people and their communities by creating more convenient, equitable, healthful, efficient and attractive places for present and future generations. It is therefore necessary for planning to be in control and take charge of the responsibilities of the emerging challenges as such, this paper examines the contribution of non-town planning legislation/policies in the development and practice of town planning in Nigeria. There are various legislations and policies formulated for the country that are both planning and non-planning in nature, but all these legislations and policies may not likely work if they are not interwoven or making any significant contributing to town planning practice in Nigeria. Among the notable ones are, the National Information Technology Policy, the nation's policy on the Millennium Development Goals and The National Strategic Health Development Plan Framework, all of which have cont...
This study examines the peoples’ perception and their response to gully erosion in Jos South, Pla... more This study examines the peoples’ perception and their response to gully erosion in Jos South, Plateau State, to achieve this, four out of the nine wards affected by the problem were selected for the study and 150 copies of well structured questionnaires were administered to the residents of the area. The returned questionnaires were analyzed using simple percentages and charts. Also, Landsat ETM image 2014 of Jos South was obtained from the National Centre for Remote Sensing, Jos office and was used to map the gullies in the area. The results showed that though natural parameters such as rainfall, the slope of the area and topography of the area influences the problem, anthropogenic parameters such as mining and deforestation were identified to have profound influence. The result also revealed that majority (47%) of the respondents are highly aware of the gully problem in the area, the people’s demographic and socio-economic status affects their response to the problem, since majori...
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2015
This study was carried out to investigate the landscape segments suitable for agricultural purpos... more This study was carried out to investigate the landscape segments suitable for agricultural purpose in a volcanic land catena of Kerang Area on the Jos Plateau. A reconnaissance survey of the study area was carried out and three different slope segments were identified, a total of 41 surface soil samples were taken from the three segments using a stratified systematic sampling. These soils were then analyzed for the physical and chemical properties. The result of the analyses revealed that the organic matter, total nitrogen, soil P H and exchangeable (Ca Mg) decline down slope, however, potassium (K) and sodium (Na) increase down slope. Co-efficient of variation of the soil properties for the three different slope segments showed low variability for the upper slope (crest and shoulder), exception being that phosphorus (43.10%) and potassium (41.10%) exhibited moderate variability. At the middle slope, the co-efficient of variation exhibited by soil properties is predominantly moderat...
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2015
Slum is a squatter settlement that is formed as a result of infiltration of people particularly i... more Slum is a squatter settlement that is formed as a result of infiltration of people particularly into urban areas. The study aimed at identifying slum characteristics and how they contribute to environmental deterioration within the study area, systematic sampling technique was adopted to select households for the study. In analyzing the problems of the selected slums in Jos, a total of 347 well structured questionnaires were distributed to selected households in the study area, after the survey instrument was protested effectively in a pilot survey, which involved 50 questionnaires were administered and were recovered for the analysis. The results revealed that most of the household size in the selected slums is between 5 to 9 persons, the number of persons per room falls between 6-7 persons per room, this indicate that the average occupancy ratio in the selected slums is quite high, most of the buildings in the selected slums were built between 11 to 15 years ago similarly, the pre...
The study aimed at assessing the socio-economic impact of the operations of petrol stations on Ka... more The study aimed at assessing the socio-economic impact of the operations of petrol stations on Karu community. Systematic Sampling method was used where 1/3 of the total functional petrol stations in the area were selected and assessed, questionnaires were administered random to the inhabitants of the study area to have an insight as to what socio-economic parameters are affected by the operations of petrol stations in the area and checklist form were administered on each sampled station. Simple percentage method was adopted for analysis expressed in form of charts and figures to reveal the degres of positive and negative impacts of the stations on certain socio-economic variables as traffic, psychological, pollution, health, job creation and demographic effects. Suggestions were made towards improving the socioeconomic conditions of the impacted population in the study area and general improvement of the surrounding environment. copyright@2013cepa
Municipal solid waste constitutes man’s unwanted materials that need to be discarded. It is consi... more Municipal solid waste constitutes man’s unwanted materials that need to be discarded. It is consisting of substances, materials and objects considered as worthless or defective and of no value for human economic productive activities –at a point in time. Apart from constituting an eye sore to urban environment it constitute health hazards and threatens the health of man and animals in the city. This research attempts an assessment of the performance of Plateau Environmental agency, the research made use of both primary and secondary data. Data generated was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while inferential technique of chi-square was used to test the research hypothesis. Results obtained shows that majority of the respondents were traders (34.3%) with secondary education (36%). Forty-five percent (45%) of landuse type responsible for waste generation is residential that 42% of waste generated is mostly ashes. Majority of waste containers used are plastic (33%) and that 52% of...
This study examines public health effects of improper hospital waste disposal. Primary data was c... more This study examines public health effects of improper hospital waste disposal. Primary data was collected from households residing in the area. 124 copies of well structured questionnaires were administered to the households. Questions were related to socio-economic characteristics of households and health effects of improper hospital waste management. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive methods. The study result reveals that the disposal of untreated hospital wastes poses an environmental threat and public health risk. Indiscriminate disposal of untreated hospital waste is often the cause for the spread of several infectious diseases. It is also responsible for hospital acquired diseases to the health care personnel who handle these wastes at the point of generation. Apart from the above, a good amount of hospital wastes such as disposable syringes, infusion bags, I.V. fluid bottles etc. are picked up by rag pickers and are recycled back into the market without any disin...
It is an indisputable fact that the global climate is changing. These changes have been attribute... more It is an indisputable fact that the global climate is changing. These changes have been attributed to natural variability and human activity on the environment. Climate change poses serious challenges and takes centre stage in the global agenda as an issue calling for corporate strategies and appropriate measures by countries, communities, and individuals. The United Nations and other actors are responding to the challenge with the major focus on the development of strategies, and policy framework. These approaches are used to attain sustainable community-climate related livelihoods. It is on this basis, that this paper examines Climate Change and Poverty and its impact in Nigeria. It was revealed from the study that the means of livelihood is being affected by climate change. These impacts are as a result of devastating effects of flooding, drought, erosion, desertification, sea level rise, heat stress, pests and diseases, erratic rainfall patterns, etc which are all due to climate...
This study aimed ²₁=ƩƮtablishing a relationship that exists between population increase and water... more This study aimed ²₁=ƩƮtablishing a relationship that exists between population increase and water supply in the city of Jos. The approach was based on the analysis of ten (10) years data on population and water supply in Jos, coupled with the use of well structured questionnaires to generate data from the field. The ten year data on population and water supply where gotten from the National Population Commission and the Plateau State Water Board respectively. The data were used to determine the population trend and the trend of water supply in the city for the past ten years, by eliciting respondents’ views to determine government’s contributions to the improvement of water supply in the city as well as to determine the kind of relationship that exists between population increase and water supply in Jos, using various statistical techniques such as trend analysis, Spearman’s Rank Correlation and filtering in Time Series. The population of Jos was found to be on the increase for the ...
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, Nov 2, 2014
Environmental issues are meant to be operationalized through the formulation of actor-specific en... more Environmental issues are meant to be operationalized through the formulation of actor-specific environmental actions plans, which define priority action that will convert strategy into practice. The Environmental Planning and Management (EPM) process which is an increasingly popularized strategy of solving the myriads of problems affecting the environment in contemporary world. The study examines the use of Environmental Planning and Management (EPM) process as a strategy of solving environmental problems in Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria by investigating the perception of the general public on the state of the environment in the area, level of participation of people in compliance to existing environmental strategies, causes of ineffective environmental management in the area and assessing community satisfaction with existing environmental management approach using well structured questionnaires administered to sampled households. Questions were related to socioeconomic characteristics of households, willingness to participate by the community in the EPM process, perceived level of environmental degradation in the area, level of compliance of oil and gas companies to environmental laws and the role of Government environment protection agencies in protecting the environment of the study area. The results confirm that the level of damage from oil exploration, gas activities, pollution and pipeline vandalizations is chronic and cumulative, which has resulted to the degradation of the environment, routine of facilities and compliancy to environmental management approaches are not regular, facilities and equipment were found be grossly inadequate therefore proper inspection can not be well carried out, the community expressed dissatisfaction with the existing environment approach which they attributed to the inability of fully implementing the environmental approach, the community indicated that given the opportunity they are willing to participate in evolving an effective environmental management approach. Recommendations were made for the effective and efficient application of the EPM process in the study area.
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, Nov 2, 2014
This study examines water supply and sanitation situation in some selected areas of Kaduna metrop... more This study examines water supply and sanitation situation in some selected areas of Kaduna metropolis. Primary data was collected from households residing in the area and. 366 copies of well structured questionnaires were administered to the households. Questions were related to the water supply and sanitation situation of households. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive methods. The study result reveals that majority of households in the study area use hand dug wells as their major source of water supply while privately owned boreholes; Kaduna State Water Board, water vendors and streams are other main sources. The risk of various sanitation related infections and diseases are high in the study area due to the poor methods of solid waste disposal. The implication of these poor solid waste disposal methods by the households in the study area is that; people who live close to waste dumps are exposed to various health risks. The paper recommends that the private sector be involved in water supply in the areas of fund mobilization for the construction, maintenance, rehabilitation and expansion of water supply and sanitation facilities in Kaduna metropolis as well as government agencies responsible for the provision of water supply and sanitation facilities should be adequately funded and equipped to carry out their services to the people in order to reach the goal 7 of the MDG 2015 target.
Nimbia Forest Reserve was established in 1957 as a plantation site to increase the productivity a... more Nimbia Forest Reserve was established in 1957 as a plantation site to increase the productivity and curb desertification of the semi-arid zone of the Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. But human activities has been acknowledged as a vital factor militating against the realization of this noble objective. This study attempts the use of GIS and Remote Sensing in mapping land cover in the study area between 1986, 1998 and 2007 so as to detect the changes that may have taken place in the study area between these periods as a result of human activities. The study utilized data from field surveys, remote sensed data and geographical information system technique, four main methods of data analysis were adopted in this study namely calculation of the Area in hectares of the resulting land cover types for each study year and subsequently comparing the results, Markov Chain and Cellular Automata Analysis for predicting change, Overlay Operations and Maximum Likelihood Classification. Subsequently, an attempt was made at projecting the observed land cover changes. The result obtained showed that some features will be lost to other features and possible reasons for that were evaluated. Recommendation were put forward to help curb the problem.
International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2014
The environment is considered as man's important asset that must be protected for his life suppor... more The environment is considered as man's important asset that must be protected for his life support. Regrettably, the situation is different where oil refinery and petrochemical plants operate. Environmental pollution in the form of emissions and effluent discharge in these areas poses serious threat to the ecosystem particularly soil, often with undesirable effects. This paper, therefore, takes a look at the refinery operations in Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC). The study collected soil samples using soil Auger at 500 metres interval along four (4) transects in two years (i.e 2012-2013) and both in the wet and dry season of each year. Soil samples collected were taken to the laboratory for analysis and emphasis placed on those soil properties directly affecting soil fertility status which are: water holding capacity, soil acidity, macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), micro nutrients (Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur), the results from the laboratory analysis on those properties affecting soil fertility were compared with National standard (maximum permissible limits) on those properties and discovers soil contaminations with liquid gaseous and solid waste disposal from the refinery. Policy recommendations are set forth based on research findings with a view to minimizing the effects of emissions from the Refining plants and Petrochemical complex on the environmental components particularly soil in the study area.
This paper appraises the Fadama II project impact on it's beneficiaries in Kagarko Local Governme... more This paper appraises the Fadama II project impact on it's beneficiaries in Kagarko Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Primary data was collected from beneficiaries and farmers residing in the area using 783 copies of well structured questionnaire which were administered to the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive methods. The study result reveals that accessing agricultural inputs keeps degenerating rather than improving because the rate of providing the inputs to the genuine users has always been impeded by so many factors and where the inputs are accessed, the technique to apply for better yield is deficient on the users Government over the years has attempted to tackle the problem by direct intervention and/or through agencies. Fadama II is one of such attempts made by the government where Fadama resources are harnessed through the impartation of techniques to the Fadama users to explore the resources to sustainably increase their output. The success of the programme has led Government to expand the scope of the project, it is with this belief that the recommendation as proffered will go a long way to make the new programme successful.
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
This paper reviews wildlife crime in developing countries, its effects on rural livelihoods and t... more This paper reviews wildlife crime in developing countries, its effects on rural livelihoods and the measures taken to curb it. The key question is whether the efforts made by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES) and other organizations in conjunction with various nations is paying off. While efforts by CITES are being lauded, individuals and governments have violated the laws that regulate exports, imports and re-exports of wild. Thus, this crime has pushed such species, especially the endangered species to the brink of extinction, hence impacting on the livelihoods of the rural poor. Rural poverty, food insecurity, corruption, lack of law enforcement, corporate crime, lack of legislation, conflicts, and increasing demand have been identified as the main drivers of this crime. Trade suspensions of non-compliance nations by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora, seizures of wildlife species and...
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Papers by Ezra Vivan