Background: Smile aesthetics vary culturally, influenced by media and the Golden Proportion in de... more Background: Smile aesthetics vary culturally, influenced by media and the Golden Proportion in dental beauty. Challenges arise with missing lateral incisors, treated through composite build-up or canine substitution, highlighting the importance of crown dimensions and the need for clinician expertise in personalized treatments. Objectives: The objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of altering height, width and angulation of maxillary lateral incisors on the perception of smile. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at OPD of Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi from January 2020 to June 2020, on 120 orthodontic patients (44 males and 76 females) aged between 15 and 35 years. Photoshopped photographs of an ideal smile were shown to the participants. In an ideal smile photo, the width of lateral incisor was 62% of the width of maxillary central incisors. The pictures showed to the participants had modifications in terms of crown heights, width and angulation of only maxillary lateral incisor without doing any changes to the other maxillary teeth. The responses of the participants were graded on the basis of perception of attractiveness. Result: Mean score for height, width and angulation changes were obtained. The highest score by males was given to lateral incisor whose length was increased by 1mm (6.87±2.21) and in females; the highest score was given to lateral incisor which is modified by adding 0.5 mm increment (6.98±1.05). Both males and females preferred narrow lateral incisors as esthetically attractive. The mean highest scores for the decrease in width given by males were 6.52±2.52 and 6.8±2.217 by females, respectively. Both males (6.37±2.18) and females (6.64±1.81) preferred 10 degrees of mesial angulation of lateral incisor as more esthetically pleasing. Changes in distal angulation of more than 5 degrees are considered unattractive by both genders. Mean values were 6.04±2.15 for males and 6.00±1.99 for females. Conclusion: In conclusion females are more concerned to the change in height, while in terms of width both genders preferred narrower maxillary lateral incisors over wider ones. Both genders perceived a 10 degree mesially angulated lateral incisor as more attractive.
Introduction: The pathway of glycogen metabolism is regulated by many hormones such as insulin, g... more Introduction: The pathway of glycogen metabolism is regulated by many hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and corticosteroids. Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) most commonly affect muscles, liver, or both and occur in each 20000 to 43000 live birth. They are classified into 12 subtypes, but types I, II, and IX are the most common. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, from January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: glycogen storage diseases, Von Gierke disease, Pompe's disease, Cori Disease, Forbes disease, Andersen's disease, McArdle disease, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal hepatomegaly. Aim: In this review, we aim to study the genetic basis, diagnosis, presentation, and different management approach to various common types of glycogen storage diseases prevalent in pediatric population. Conclusion: There are no cures for any type of glycogen storage diseases presently. Most treatments are designed to control signs and symptoms. The overall goals are primarily avoiding hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. Liver transplantation should be deliberated for patients with GSD type IV and for other progressive hepatic types of GSDs in order to avoid hepatic failure or malignancy. More research must be carried out to develop newer and more effective ways of management.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDORSING HEALTH SCIENCE RESEARCH (IJEHSR), 2021
Background: Although simulation-based learning is expensive but cost-effective and advantageous a... more Background: Although simulation-based learning is expensive but cost-effective and advantageous as well if utilized appropriately. It is known to enhance clinical competence among medical students. There is a dire need to enhance the utilization of simulation-based clinical teaching skills to replace hands-on experience involving patients. The objective of this article was to highlight the importance of simulation-based education (SBE) in medical training. Methodology: For the study purpose, literature focusing on the use of SBE in medical training was reviewed. The databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Research gate, Scopus, The Nation news, BBC news were searched using the keywords Simulation-Based Education, Clinical Skills, Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development, Objectively Structured Clinical Examination and COVID-19. We also designed a pilot study to demonstrate the effect of simulator-based training among medical students. Results: Efforts are being made to support SB...
Objective: To assess the reliability of gingival crevicular blood as a diagnostic tool for diabet... more Objective: To assess the reliability of gingival crevicular blood as a diagnostic tool for diabetes in patients with periodontal disease with and without diabetes. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Periodontics, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan, from Jul 2017 to Jul 2018. Methodology: Forty patients with diabetes and 60 patients without diabetes with mild to moderate gingivitis or periodontitis in either the upper or lower anterior region were included. Gingival crevicular blood (GCB) was collected and was assessed by glucometer. The same patient underwent finger stick blood (FSB) and intravenous blood glucose level (IV). Plaque Index (PI), Periodontal Pocket Depth (PPD) and Gingival index were also recorded. Results: A positive correlation (r) was detected between glucose levels of Gingival crevicular blood with finger stick blood with the value of coefficient correlation ‘r’=0.849. The mean values of Gingival index ...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of self-reported anxiety levels related to dental procedure... more OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of self-reported anxiety levels related to dental procedures amongst professional students using Revised Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale, (DAS-R). STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study st th PLACE AND DURATION: Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi and Isra University, Hyderabad from 1 October 2010 to 30 April 2011 METHODOLOGY: A total of 259 professional students comprised the study sample. All those students who consented to participate were scored for anxiety using revised Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS-R). RESULTS: Of the total students, we categorized 20.95% as anxious, owing to their DAS scores above 12. From within them, only 20.7 % were finally classified dental phobic, scoring 15 or above on the same scale. Other findings are detailed subsequently in the full text. CONCLUSION: We found that self-reported -phobic levels were very close to the statistically calculated levels of anxiety score using the standard DAS scoring cri...
The objective of the study was to determine the factors affecting the patients’ choice of dental ... more The objective of the study was to determine the factors affecting the patients’ choice of dental services in dental OPDs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in dental OPDs of various public hospitals. Trained dentists collected the data from patients using a questionnaire. Convenience sampling was done and all patients who agreed to participate in the study and were 18-64 years of age were included. The surveyed patient comprised 533 patients; 258 (48.4%) males and 275 (51.6%) females. Irrespective of their earnings patients considered professional experience (73%), availability of different treatments (76%) and friendly environment (77%) as highly preferable factors when selecting a dental service. Location of the clinic and personal referrals were not considered very important by many. It was concluded that there is a complex interaction between patients’ choices and service- providers’ characteristics and that preferences vary for different individuals possessing different cul...
he concept of knowledge translation can be defined as "Learning that has occurred when stude... more he concept of knowledge translation can be defined as "Learning that has occurred when students absorb new material, knowledge or the use of a new technique.1,2 It is an evolving lifetime process, best achieved through real life experiences. Knowledgeable teachers recognize that students react very differently from one another to the same learning experiences during their period of study in dental colleges. This phenomenon indicates dissimilarities in the students' learning style, also known as "an individual's characteristic", but potentially flexible way of interacting with a learning environment.3 Recognizing students' learning individualities may lead to improvement in areas such as designing of a course.4 An important strategy used to positively induce students' performance and effective learning is by introducing mechanisms that support a variety of learning techniques.5 Advances in knowledge translation indicate that awareness of one's own l...
Background: Smile aesthetics vary culturally, influenced by media and the Golden Proportion in de... more Background: Smile aesthetics vary culturally, influenced by media and the Golden Proportion in dental beauty. Challenges arise with missing lateral incisors, treated through composite build-up or canine substitution, highlighting the importance of crown dimensions and the need for clinician expertise in personalized treatments. Objectives: The objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of altering height, width and angulation of maxillary lateral incisors on the perception of smile. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at OPD of Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi from January 2020 to June 2020, on 120 orthodontic patients (44 males and 76 females) aged between 15 and 35 years. Photoshopped photographs of an ideal smile were shown to the participants. In an ideal smile photo, the width of lateral incisor was 62% of the width of maxillary central incisors. The pictures showed to the participants had modifications in terms of crown heights, width and angulation of only maxillary lateral incisor without doing any changes to the other maxillary teeth. The responses of the participants were graded on the basis of perception of attractiveness. Result: Mean score for height, width and angulation changes were obtained. The highest score by males was given to lateral incisor whose length was increased by 1mm (6.87±2.21) and in females; the highest score was given to lateral incisor which is modified by adding 0.5 mm increment (6.98±1.05). Both males and females preferred narrow lateral incisors as esthetically attractive. The mean highest scores for the decrease in width given by males were 6.52±2.52 and 6.8±2.217 by females, respectively. Both males (6.37±2.18) and females (6.64±1.81) preferred 10 degrees of mesial angulation of lateral incisor as more esthetically pleasing. Changes in distal angulation of more than 5 degrees are considered unattractive by both genders. Mean values were 6.04±2.15 for males and 6.00±1.99 for females. Conclusion: In conclusion females are more concerned to the change in height, while in terms of width both genders preferred narrower maxillary lateral incisors over wider ones. Both genders perceived a 10 degree mesially angulated lateral incisor as more attractive.
Introduction: The pathway of glycogen metabolism is regulated by many hormones such as insulin, g... more Introduction: The pathway of glycogen metabolism is regulated by many hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and corticosteroids. Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) most commonly affect muscles, liver, or both and occur in each 20000 to 43000 live birth. They are classified into 12 subtypes, but types I, II, and IX are the most common. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, from January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: glycogen storage diseases, Von Gierke disease, Pompe's disease, Cori Disease, Forbes disease, Andersen's disease, McArdle disease, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal hepatomegaly. Aim: In this review, we aim to study the genetic basis, diagnosis, presentation, and different management approach to various common types of glycogen storage diseases prevalent in pediatric population. Conclusion: There are no cures for any type of glycogen storage diseases presently. Most treatments are designed to control signs and symptoms. The overall goals are primarily avoiding hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. Liver transplantation should be deliberated for patients with GSD type IV and for other progressive hepatic types of GSDs in order to avoid hepatic failure or malignancy. More research must be carried out to develop newer and more effective ways of management.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDORSING HEALTH SCIENCE RESEARCH (IJEHSR), 2021
Background: Although simulation-based learning is expensive but cost-effective and advantageous a... more Background: Although simulation-based learning is expensive but cost-effective and advantageous as well if utilized appropriately. It is known to enhance clinical competence among medical students. There is a dire need to enhance the utilization of simulation-based clinical teaching skills to replace hands-on experience involving patients. The objective of this article was to highlight the importance of simulation-based education (SBE) in medical training. Methodology: For the study purpose, literature focusing on the use of SBE in medical training was reviewed. The databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Research gate, Scopus, The Nation news, BBC news were searched using the keywords Simulation-Based Education, Clinical Skills, Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development, Objectively Structured Clinical Examination and COVID-19. We also designed a pilot study to demonstrate the effect of simulator-based training among medical students. Results: Efforts are being made to support SB...
Objective: To assess the reliability of gingival crevicular blood as a diagnostic tool for diabet... more Objective: To assess the reliability of gingival crevicular blood as a diagnostic tool for diabetes in patients with periodontal disease with and without diabetes. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Periodontics, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan, from Jul 2017 to Jul 2018. Methodology: Forty patients with diabetes and 60 patients without diabetes with mild to moderate gingivitis or periodontitis in either the upper or lower anterior region were included. Gingival crevicular blood (GCB) was collected and was assessed by glucometer. The same patient underwent finger stick blood (FSB) and intravenous blood glucose level (IV). Plaque Index (PI), Periodontal Pocket Depth (PPD) and Gingival index were also recorded. Results: A positive correlation (r) was detected between glucose levels of Gingival crevicular blood with finger stick blood with the value of coefficient correlation ‘r’=0.849. The mean values of Gingival index ...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of self-reported anxiety levels related to dental procedure... more OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of self-reported anxiety levels related to dental procedures amongst professional students using Revised Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale, (DAS-R). STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study st th PLACE AND DURATION: Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi and Isra University, Hyderabad from 1 October 2010 to 30 April 2011 METHODOLOGY: A total of 259 professional students comprised the study sample. All those students who consented to participate were scored for anxiety using revised Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS-R). RESULTS: Of the total students, we categorized 20.95% as anxious, owing to their DAS scores above 12. From within them, only 20.7 % were finally classified dental phobic, scoring 15 or above on the same scale. Other findings are detailed subsequently in the full text. CONCLUSION: We found that self-reported -phobic levels were very close to the statistically calculated levels of anxiety score using the standard DAS scoring cri...
The objective of the study was to determine the factors affecting the patients’ choice of dental ... more The objective of the study was to determine the factors affecting the patients’ choice of dental services in dental OPDs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in dental OPDs of various public hospitals. Trained dentists collected the data from patients using a questionnaire. Convenience sampling was done and all patients who agreed to participate in the study and were 18-64 years of age were included. The surveyed patient comprised 533 patients; 258 (48.4%) males and 275 (51.6%) females. Irrespective of their earnings patients considered professional experience (73%), availability of different treatments (76%) and friendly environment (77%) as highly preferable factors when selecting a dental service. Location of the clinic and personal referrals were not considered very important by many. It was concluded that there is a complex interaction between patients’ choices and service- providers’ characteristics and that preferences vary for different individuals possessing different cul...
he concept of knowledge translation can be defined as "Learning that has occurred when stude... more he concept of knowledge translation can be defined as "Learning that has occurred when students absorb new material, knowledge or the use of a new technique.1,2 It is an evolving lifetime process, best achieved through real life experiences. Knowledgeable teachers recognize that students react very differently from one another to the same learning experiences during their period of study in dental colleges. This phenomenon indicates dissimilarities in the students' learning style, also known as "an individual's characteristic", but potentially flexible way of interacting with a learning environment.3 Recognizing students' learning individualities may lead to improvement in areas such as designing of a course.4 An important strategy used to positively induce students' performance and effective learning is by introducing mechanisms that support a variety of learning techniques.5 Advances in knowledge translation indicate that awareness of one's own l...
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