Papers by Ehab Alshamaileh
The technique o f diffuse low energy electron diffraction (DLEED) I(V) analysis is shown to be a ... more The technique o f diffuse low energy electron diffraction (DLEED) I(V) analysis is shown to be a useful quantitative probe o f the structure o f surface alloys in the early stages o f growth before long-range order develops. The Cu{100}/Pd system has been studied in the Pd coverage range 0.10-0.55 ML. We demonstrate the Pd adsorbs at all coverages primarily by substitutional replacement o f top layer copper atoms forming a two-dimensional CuxPd[.x surface alloy. At low coverages a quasi-random substitutionally disordered two-dimensional alloy is formed with local order detected by LEED developing at Pd coverages above 0.25 ML. The surface geometry is not strongly coverage dependent with top layer Cu and Pd atoms almost coplanar and the first interlayer spacing slightly expanded (3%) with respect to the bulk value.
Indian journal of science and technology, Dec 16, 2014
The structures formed by adsorbing thin-film platinum, formic acid and oxygen on Cu{100} single c... more The structures formed by adsorbing thin-film platinum, formic acid and oxygen on Cu{100} single crystal are investigated by quantitative low-energy electron-diffraction (LEED) and Temperature Programmed Reaction Spectroscopy (TPRS). Symmetrized Automated Tensor LEED (SATLEED) calculations are used to determine the structure of the formed surface alloys and overlayers. TPRS was used to probe the surface reactivity of the systems studied while surface composition was obtained using Auger Electron spectroscopy (AES). The decomposition of a formate intermediate from a clean Cu{100} surface has been monitored through the use of TPD Spectroscopy. It has also been evidenced that platinum has a destabilising effect on the formate intermediate. The peak temperature (T p ) for the CO 2 desorption spectra from copper-platinum model surfaces, appear around 40 K lower than those from clean copper. This suggests a much less stable surface alloy compared to the clean surface. In activation energy terms, this destabilisation can be expressed as a 13% decrease in the energy required for the formate to decompose. It was also observed that desorption is much more rapid from the copper-platinum than from clean copper surfaces.
Solar Energy, Sep 1, 2010
A novel and affordable solar selective coating exhibiting higher solar absorption efficiency comp... more A novel and affordable solar selective coating exhibiting higher solar absorption efficiency compared to the commercial black paint coating used in most ordinary solar water heating systems (SWHSs) has been developed. The coating is fabricated by embedding a metallic particle composed of a nickel-aluminium (NiAl) alloy into the black paint. The optical behaviour of several percentages of the NiAl alloy in the coating is studied using UV-Vis and IR spectroscopies. The chemical composition of the coating was characterized using XRD and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) for both the black and alloy-containing paint. The results allowed deducing that the optimum composition to consider for further testing was 6% NiAl alloy by mass. The applicability of the coating in a real thermosyphonic SWHS was evaluated throughout the year, spanning both hot and cold seasons. It is found that the new coating shows better performance compared to the untreated black paint by an average of 5 C over a period of 1 year. The corrosion resistance of the coating was investigated using electrochemical polarization and weight-loss measurements in the corrosive medium of 3% NaCl in 0.50 M HCl. Higher inhibition efficiency of corrosion was found for the alloy-containing paint compared to the untreated paint by more than 12%. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to explore the morphology of the modified coating surface, and compared to the untreated surface. (author)
Acta Physica Polonica A, Sep 1, 2017
A computational study of the ozonolysis of phenanthrene has been carried out using DFT methods (B... more A computational study of the ozonolysis of phenanthrene has been carried out using DFT methods (B3LYP and M06-2X). The reaction mechanism for the ozonolysis was studied in both gas phase and in solution, using the polarizable continuum solvation model. The structures for all proposed reaction mechanisms were optimized using M06-2X and B3LYP methods with 6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d), and 6-31G(2df,p) basis sets. In solution, all structures were optimized using B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) and polarizable continuum solvation model. Six different mechanistic pathways were explored for the ozonolysis of phenanthrene that forms aldehyde compounds. The activation energy of the formation of the primary ozonide intermediate in pathway A is 13 kJ mol −1 in the polarizable continuum model with the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) method. This reaction is followed by a dissociation into a zwitterionic Criegee intermediate with an activation energy of 76 kJ mol −1 in polarizable continuum model with B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p). Furthermore, the nucleophilic addition reactions of methanol to the Criegee intermediate have been studied along two pathways, B1 and B2. The water-mediated mechanism for pathways B2 and C2, where the water molecule acts as a mediator through a 1,5-proton shift, dropped the activation barriers by 18 and 26 kJ mol −1 , respectively, based on B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p) method. The solvation model (polarizable continuum) reduces the energy barriers for all pathways except for the reaction of methanol with the Criegee intermediate. This study provides an insight into understanding the mechanism of transformation of this pollutant into non-toxic compounds.
Advances in Intelligent Systems Research, 2022
Nanocomposite films of polypyrrole (PPy) doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), silica na... more Nanocomposite films of polypyrrole (PPy) doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs), and carbon were synthesized using electrochemical technique. These films were proposed as an anticorrosion agent and tested on industrial steel samples. The films and the dopant nanoparticles (ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs) were investigated by employing Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to determine their morphologyy and size distributions. The anticorrosion properties of PPy, PPy/ZnO, PPy/ZnO/carbon and PPy/ZnO/carbon/SiO2 nanocomposites coated on industrial steel within corrosive solutions was tested with a potentiodynamic method, generated Tafel plots were interpreted. The best performance as an anticorrosion agent for industrial steel was the PPy composite containing ZnO/carbon nanoparticles, which reduced corrosion rate by 77% compared to uncoated steel. In this work, it was demonstrated that the coating composed of polypyrrole-metal oxide-carbon Nanocomposite was highly efficient in protecting the Industrial steel compared to the PPy film. PPy/ZnO/carbon nanocomposite exhibited the highest anticorrosion efficiency.
Jordan Journal of Chemistry, 2020
Mechanochemical processing was applied to produce slow-release fertilizers consisting of kaolinit... more Mechanochemical processing was applied to produce slow-release fertilizers consisting of kaolinite as clay material and (KDP) KH2PO4 in 3:1 weight ratio by grinding the contents in a planetary ball mill at milling rotational speeds ranging from 200 to 700 rpm for 2 h and at different milling times ranging between 1-3 h at 600 rpm milling speed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and coupled ion chromatography (IC) were used to characterize the prepared samples. It was shown that the mechanochemical process succeeded to incorporate KDP into the kaolinite structure. The K+ and PO43- ions released from the kaolinite–KH2PO4 system when dispersed in distilled water for 24 h were measured. The results indicate that the prepared kaolinite–KH2PO4 system acts as a carrier of K+ and PO43- nutrients to be used as slow-released fertilizers
International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition, 2021
International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition, 2021
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2022
Materials
The aim of this research is to study the anticorrosive behavior of a coating consisting of modifi... more The aim of this research is to study the anticorrosive behavior of a coating consisting of modified montmorillonite nanoclay as an inorganic green inhibitor. The anticorrosion protection for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution is studied via weight loss, electrochemical methods, SEM, and XRD. The results proved that montmorillonite nanoclay acts as a good inhibitor with a mixed-type character for steel in an acidic solution. Both anodic and cathodic processes on the metal surface are slowed down. There is a clear direct correlation between the added amount of montmorillonite nanoclay and the inhibition efficiency, reaching a value of 75%. The inhibition mechanism involves the adsorption of the montmorillonite nanoclay onto the metal surface. Weight loss experiments are carried out with steel samples in 1.0 M HCl solution at room temperature, and the same trend of inhibition is produced. SEM was used to image the surface at the different stages of the corrosion inhibition process, and a...
Journal of Biotechnology Research Center
Background: In this work, one of the novel types of slow-release fertilizers (SRF)consisting of k... more Background: In this work, one of the novel types of slow-release fertilizers (SRF)consisting of kaolin as clay material and K2SO4 was synthesized through amechanochemical process by grinding in a ball mill planetary model.Methodology: The test samples of different weight % from 25 to 75 of kaolin contentswere milled for 2 h at fixed milling speeds of about 600 rpm to assess the integrationof K2SO4 and to measure the liberation of K+and SO42-ions into solution. Theproperties of the studied samples were characterized by Fourier transformation infraredspectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA),and ion chromatography (IC). Incorporating K2SO4 into an amorphous kaolin structureusing mechanochemistry is a green chemistry method that has been successfullyapplied. K+content was measured in deionized water solution and the soil columnleaching test was performed to determine the slow-release performance of the material.Results: The optimum released amount...
BOHR International Journal of Material Sciences and Engineering
Novel materials from Feldspar as clay material and KH2PO4 (KHP) are prepared by grinding in a pla... more Novel materials from Feldspar as clay material and KH2PO4 (KHP) are prepared by grinding in a planetary ball mill in a mechanochemical process, one of the most effective ways to synthesize slow-release fertilizers. In two paths, tests were carried out with (3) weight ratio of Feldspar: KH2PO4 contents, at mill The incorporation of KH2PO4 and the liberation of K+ and PO43− ions into solution were assessed at rotating speeds rangingfrom200to700rpmfortwohours,andatmillingperiodsrangingfrom1h,2h,and3h.Thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ion chromatography (IC) were employed to analyze the produced materials. The results confirmed that the mechanochemistry process is a sustainable chemistry method to produce amorphous Feldspars containing KH2PO4. After dispersing Feldspar andKH2PO4 inwaterfor24h,K+ andPO43− ionsweremeasured.Basedonthesestudies,ithasbeendemonstrated that intercalated Feldspar could function as a c...
The Islamic University Journal of Applied Sciences (JESC), Apr 6, 2019
Alshamaileh Ehab M Structural Analysis of Metal and Semimetal Adsorption on Cu 100 By Low Energy Electron Diffraction Phd Thesis Dublin City University, 2002
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 2021
Solvent-free ball milling was used to activate kaolin, a trioctahedral clay material, with diammo... more Solvent-free ball milling was used to activate kaolin, a trioctahedral clay material, with diammonium phosphate[(NH4)2HPO4] to serve as a fast-acting phosphorus and nitrogen releasing fertilizer. Different tests on a mixture of 3:1 weight ratio of kaolin: (NH4)2HPO4 were performed to analyze the level of incorporation of (NH4)2HPO4 in the kaolin and the degree of liberation of NH 4 + {\rm{NH}}_4^ + and PO 4 3 − {\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - } ions into solution. The experimental mill speeds were varied from 200 to 700 rpm rotational rates for a fixed period of 2 hours. Several milling periods of 1, 2, and 3 h. were studied at the fixed milling speed of 600 rpm. To explain the properties of activated materials and to understand the purpose behind the simpler disintegration of phosphorus, several analytical methods such as FT-IR, TGA-DTG and Ion chromatography (IC) were used. The proposed procedure was environmentally friendly, and it helped to maintain a balanced supply of nitrogen and phosphorus...
Solar Energy, 2010
A novel and affordable solar selective coating exhibiting higher solar absorption efficiency comp... more A novel and affordable solar selective coating exhibiting higher solar absorption efficiency compared to the commercial black paint coating used in most ordinary solar water heating systems (SWHSs) has been developed. The coating is fabricated by embedding a metallic particle composed of a nickel-aluminium (NiAl) alloy into the black paint. The optical behaviour of several percentages of the NiAl alloy in the coating is studied using UV-Vis and IR spectroscopies. The chemical composition of the coating was characterized using XRD and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) for both the black and alloy-containing paint. The results allowed deducing that the optimum composition to consider for further testing was 6% NiAl alloy by mass. The applicability of the coating in a real thermosyphonic SWHS was evaluated throughout the year, spanning both hot and cold seasons. It is found that the new coating shows better performance compared to the untreated black paint by an average of 5 C over a period of 1 year. The corrosion resistance of the coating was investigated using electrochemical polarization and weight-loss measurements in the corrosive medium of 3% NaCl in 0.50 M HCl. Higher inhibition efficiency of corrosion was found for the alloy-containing paint compared to the untreated paint by more than 12%. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to explore the morphology of the modified coating surface, and compared to the untreated surface. (author)
Chemistry of Materials, 1995
The adsorption and decomposition of 1-alkanethiol molecules (CnH2,+lSH, n = 4,6,lO) on the Fe(100... more The adsorption and decomposition of 1-alkanethiol molecules (CnH2,+lSH, n = 4,6,lO) on the Fe(100) surface under ultrahigh vacuum have been investigated using temperatureprogrammed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). Upon adsorption at 100 K, 1-alkanethiol molecules undergo S-H bond scission to form a surface alkanethiolate (-SCnH2,+1). The alkanethiolate starts to decompose below 255 K via C-S bond cleavage which is identified as the rate-determining step. HREELS data suggest different mechanisms for the alkanethiolate decomposition at different coverages. On the unsaturated surface, the C-S bond cleavage is followed by ,!?-hydrogen elimination leading to the formation of corresponding terminal alkene (C,H2,) and surface hydrogen. Part of the alkene molecules interact with reactive iron sites and further decompose to surface hydrocarbon species and surface carbon, while the rest of the alkene desorbs into the gas phase. For the thiol-saturated surface, corresponding alkane (CnH2,+2) is also observed in the gas phase. At this coverage, further decomposition of the hydrocarbons on the surface is prohibited by the passivation effect of the coadsorbed species. At saturation coverage, the decomposition of alkanethiolate overlayers leave c(2 x 2) sulfur overlayers corresponding to 0.5 monolayer of sulfur on the Fe(100) surface. The decomposition of all the alkanethiol molecules studied here occurs a t the same temperature, indicating that the reactivity of the metal substrate is critical to the bonding interactions a t the interface.
Micromachines
In this research, some physical properties such as the density, specific heat capacity, and micro... more In this research, some physical properties such as the density, specific heat capacity, and micro-hardness of galena ore lumps purchased from the public market were determined. The microscopic study, using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), confirmed that the as-received galena ore was mostly lead sulfide (PbS). The XRD pattern of the galena powder also elucidated that all the peaks were assigned to PbS. In addition, the as-received galena was roughly crushed, and fine-milled using a high-vibration milling machine with tungsten carbide rings. Nanoscale particles of about 90 nm were produced in a very short milling time of around 15 min. The obtained nanoscale powder was well investigated in the SEM at low and high magnifications to assess the exact range of particle size. Meanwhile, the SEM was employed to investigate the microstructure of sintered samples, where a part of the milled galena powder was compacted and sintered at 700 ...
Energies
The Sun is a huge and clean energy source that must be relied upon to reduce greenhouse gases and... more The Sun is a huge and clean energy source that must be relied upon to reduce greenhouse gases and promote the renewable and sustainable energy transition. In this paper, the testing of Al, Cu, and Fe metals with different thicknesses, both bare and painted matte black, was investigated for solar water heating systems. The used technique was a direct contact flat solar heating system (DCFSHS). Many experiments were run to assess this system in terms of metals’ thicknesses and their thermal conductivities as well. Thicknesses of around 0.35 mm and 1 mm of Cu gave almost similar feedback. Maximum temperatures in the range of 93–97 °C were achieved during the autumn season in Amman, Jordan, while it was approximately 80 °C in winter. It has been confirmed that high water temperatures can be obtained in all used metals, regardless of their thermal conductivities. It was also found that a white color of the solar heater case inner wall leads to an increase in water temperature of approxim...
Agronomy
In this study, a novel slow-release fertilizer (SRF) consisting of kaolinite and K2SO4 was prepar... more In this study, a novel slow-release fertilizer (SRF) consisting of kaolinite and K2SO4 was prepared, employing the process of mechanochemical milling in a planetary ball mill. To obtain the optimum milling time and speed, several samples were made at fixed mass ratios of kaolinite: K2SO4 (3:1). The milling rotational speed ranged from 200 to 700 rpm for 120 min. Different milling times ranging from 60 to 180 min at fixed 600 rpm milling speed were also investigated to evaluate the incorporation of K2SO4 and to measure the liberation of K+ and SO42− ions into solution. The properties of the studied samples were analyzed by Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and ion chromatography (IC). The mechanochemical process is a green chemistry procedure that is successfully applied to incorporate K2SO4 into the amorphous kaolinite structure. The slow-release performance was evaluated by determining the K+ and SO42− content in the aqueous so...
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Papers by Ehab Alshamaileh