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David Fishman

Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Jewish history, Faculty Member

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David E. Fishman is a professor of Jewish History at The Jewish Theological Seminary, teaching courses in modern Jewish history. Dr. Fishman also serves as director of Project Judaica, JTS’s program in Ukraine, which is based at Kyiv-Mohyla Academy University. He directs its Jewish Archival Survey, which publishes guides to Jewish archival materials in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine.

Dr. Fishman is the author of numerous books and articles on the history and culture of East European Jewry. His most recent book, The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets, and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis, (ForeEdge, 2017) was winner of the National Jewish Book Award in the Holocaust category. Previous monographs include Russia’s First Modern Jews (New York University Press, 1996) and The Rise of Modern Yiddish Culture (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005). Dr. Fishman is the coeditor (with Burton Visotzky) of From Mesopotamia to Modernity: Ten Introductions to Jewish History and Literature (Westview Press, 1999), and edited a volume of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik’s Yiddish writings, Droshes un ksovim (Ktav, 2009).

For 15 years (1988–2003), Dr. Fishman was editor in chief of YIVO-Bleter, the Yiddish-language scholarly journal of the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research. He is a member of the Academic Committee of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and serves on the editorial board of the journal Polin.

A native New Yorker, Dr. Fishman has taught at Brandeis University, Bar-Ilan University, Russian State University in Moscow, and Yeshiva University’s Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies. He has been a fellow at the Hebrew University’s Institute for Advanced Studies and the University of Pennsylvania’s Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies.

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Articles & Reviews by David Fishman

David E. Fishman, “Review of ‘A Mortuary of Books: The Rescue of Jewish Culture After the Holocaust’, by Elisabeth Galas,” Studies in Contemporary Jewry, vol. 33 (2023): 237-239

David E. Fishman, “1890-1914: The Golden Era of the Bund in the Russian Empire,” PL.IT / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi, vol. 14 (2023): 17-31

This article provides an overview of the Bund from the establishment of its precursor organizatio... more This article provides an overview of the Bund from the establishment of its precursor organization in 1890 until World War I. First it takes into account the historical conditions that led to the rise of a distinct Jewish socialist movement in the Russian Empire to then focus on its three spheres of activity: (a) economic difficulties, as a Jewish workers' movement engaged in union-organizing and strikes, (b) political challenges, as a Jewish revolutionary movement working to overthrow the Tsarist system and (c) national obstacles, as a movement fighting for Jewish civil rights and Jewish national autonomy, the advancement of Yiddish language and culture, and the organisation of Jewish self-defense against pogroms. Appended to the article is the translation of an early Bundist pamphlet, The Town Preacher (1895), which presents the movement's ideas in a simple, popular form, based on the story of the single strike of Jewish tobacco-workers in Vilna.

David E. Fishman, “Joseph Isaac Schneersohn: The Making of a Jewish Religious Leader in the Soviet Union,” in Nadia Kizilova and Alex Agadjanian, eds., Religion and the Russian Revolution (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, forthcoming in 2023)

David E. Fishman, “Chaim Grade: The Novelist as Bare-Headed Rosh Yeshiva – Review of Chaim Grade, ‘My Quarrel with Hersh Rasseyner’, trans. Ruth R. Wisse,” The Jewish Review of Books, vol. 13, no. 3 (Fall 2022): 31-34

David E. Fishman, “‘Jewish Conspiracies,’ ‘Israeli neo-Nazis’: Is It Time to Leave Russia?” Haaretz (16 June 2022)

David E. Fishman, “Diary of young Theodor Herzl,” Bamah, no. 287 (2021-2022): 246-247 (Hebrew)

David E. Fishman, “Jewish Scholarship in the Vilna Ghetto,” Afn Shvel, no. 393 (Winter 2021): 20-27,35 (Yiddish)

David E. Fishman, “Introduction,” in Joseph B. Soloveitchik, Droshes vegn shivas-tsiyon un kiyum ho-umoh – Discourses about the Return to Zion and Jewish Destiny, ed. David E. Fishman (New York: OU Press, 2021), 1-12

David E. Fishman, “Introduction,” in Joseph B. Soloveitchik, Droshes vegn shivas-tsiyon un kiyum ho-umoh – Discourses about the Return to Zion and Jewish Destiny, ed. David E. Fishman (New York: OU Press, 2021), 11-22 (Yiddish)

David E. Fishman, “Remembering Marek Web,” Afn shvel, no. 391-392 (Spring-Summer 2021): 6-8 (Yiddish)

David E. Fishman, “How, When, and Why Did Yiddish Become a Modern Culture?” Quest: Issues in Contemporary Jewish History, no. 17 (September 2020): 1-21

The paper seeks to expand the area of modern Yiddish culture beyond literary fiction. It explores... more The paper seeks to expand the area of modern Yiddish culture beyond literary fiction. It explores the rise of modern Yiddish theatre, press, poetry, and political literature in Imperial Russia in the 1880s. The essay argues that these forms of Yiddish cultural expression first became significant and widespread phenomena in the 1880s. It also highlights the emergence of a diverse Yiddish readership and audience, with different levels of Jewish and European cultural background, in order to counter the common dichotomy that Yiddish was for the masses, whereas Hebrew and Russian were used by the Jewish elites. Finally, the article places the rise of Modern Yiddish culture within the context of major social and economic transformations in East European Jewry: urbanization, population growth, and downward economic mobility. Overall, the article refines and revises certain conclusions offered in the author's book The Rise of Modern Yiddish Culture (2005).

David E. Fishman, “Translation of ‘Ghetto Folklore’, by Shimon Huberband,” in Samuel D. Karrow and David G. Roskies, eds., The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, vol. 9: Catastrophe and Rebirth, 1939-1973 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2020), 7-8

David E. Fishman, “Transforming Pain into Light: Avrom Sutzkever,” in Avrom Sutzkever, Ten Poems / Desimt eilerasciu, trans. David E. Fishman (Vilnius: National Library of Lithuania and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 2020), 33-46

David E. Fishman, “Transforming Pain into Light: Avrom Sutzkever,” in Avrom Sutzkever, Ten Poems / Desimt eilerasciu, trans. David E. Fishman (Vilnius: National Library of Lithuania and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 2020), 19-30 (Lithuanian)

David E. Fishman, “From Shtadlanut to Mass Parties: Jewish Political Movements in Lithuania,” in Vladas Sirutavičius, et al., eds., The History of Jews in Lithuania: From the Middle Ages to the 1990s (Paderborn, Germany: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2020), 216-233

Prior to the rise of modern political movements, the Jews' political interests were represented b... more Prior to the rise of modern political movements, the Jews' political interests were represented by individual notables, who by virtue of their wealth, official position or social prominence, had connections with high-ranking Imperial Russian officials. These notables utilised a combination of pleading, rational argumentation and financial incentives (gifts, bribes) behind closed doors, in a centuries-old mode of quiet diplomacy known as shtadlanut (intercession). The goals of shtadlanut were usually defensive: to protect the Jewish political status quo (e.g. to prevent expulsions and increased taxation, to respond to false accusations such as blood libels), and to counteract perceived abuses by local officials (such as arrests and trials). On the Imperial level, shtadlanut was, naturally, based in St Petersburg, and revolved around the Jewish banking magnate Baron Horace Ginzburg. In Lithuania, it was conducted by individuals such as Shmuel Yosef Fuenn (1818-1891), a prominent Maskil and wealthy businessman, who was inspector of Jewish Crown schools in the Vilnius educational district and a member of the Vilnius city council; and Rabbi Yitkhok Elkhonon Spektor (1817-1896) of Kaunas, who was revered as the highest rabbinical authority in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century. Modern Jewish political movements had much more ambitious goals: either the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, or the revolutionary transformation of Russia and its Jews. They sought to change rather than protect the status quo. And instead of relying on quiet diplomacy, they mobilised large numbers of Jews to participate in activities that would help realise their political goals.1 1 Hibat Tzion The catalyst for the creation of the first Jewish political movement, Hibat Tzion (Palestinophilism), was the wave of pogroms that swept across Ukraine in

David E. Fishman, “Split Identity: Jewish Scholarship in the Vilna Ghetto,” in Avraham (Alan) Rosen and Jillian Davidson, eds., There’s a Jewish Way of Saying Things: Essays in Honor of David Roskies [=In geveb (June 2020] (New York 2020), 1-9

In this essay, David Fishman draws a comparison between yidishe visnshaft, or Jewish studies scho... more In this essay, David Fishman draws a comparison between yidishe visnshaft, or Jewish studies scholarship, and Judenforschung, the Nazi field of antisemitic Jewish studies used to justify the persecution and extermination of Jews in scientific terms. He examines the work of Zelig Kalmanovitch, who had been a well-known scholar and co-director of YIVO before World War II, during the time when he was forced to produce scholarship as a member of the Jewish slave labor brigade assigned to the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR) in Vilna. Fishman notes the remarkable scholarly accomplishments Kalmanovitch was able to achieve in a time of enormous adversity. He also demonstrates several junctures in which Kalmanovitch, a meticulous scholar, omitted facts or altered scholarship in order to save lives. These dual impulses of preserving historical truths about Jewish communities and a willingness to obscure facts over which people could be killed contribute to Fishman's assessment that Kalmanovitch's scholarship emerged from erudition, love, and dedication to the Jewish people about whom he wrote, the very opposite of the purposes for which his scholarship was obtained by his Nazi slave masters. Between Yidishe Visnshaft and Judenforschung (Jewish Studies and the Study of Jews) On June 16, 1942, Herbert Gotthardt, a staff member of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR) in Vilna, instructed Zelig Kalmanovitch to prepare an essay and bibliography on the Karaites. Kalmanovitch, a well-known scholar and co-director of YIVO before the war, was a member of the Jewish slave labor brigade assigned to the ERR which segregated Jewish and other books, manuscripts, and documents into two categories: valuable items that would be sent to Germany, and valueless items that would be destroyed.

David E. Fishman, “Introduction to Hebrew Edition,” in David E. Fishman, The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis* (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 2020), 1-2 (Hebrew)

David E. Fishman, “Introduction to Hebrew Edition,” in David E. Fishman, The Book Smugglers: Part... more

David E. Fishman, “Heroes of Jewish Heritage,” Torah from JTS (23 March 2018): 4

David E. Fishman, “The Jewish Museum In Vilnius, 1944-1949,” in Mark Kupovetsky, ed., Sovietica Judaica (Moscow: Russian State University for the Humanities Press, 2017), 242-260 (Russian)

David E. Fishman, “Preserving Tradition in the Land of Revolution: The Religious Leadership of Soviet Jewry 1917-1930,” in Michael Beizer, ed., History of the Jews in Russia, vol. 3: From the Revolutions of 1917 to the Fall of the Soviet Union (Jerusalem: Gesharim Press, 2017), 179-211 (Russian)

David E. Fishman, “Review of ‘A Mortuary of Books: The Rescue of Jewish Culture After the Holocaust’, by Elisabeth Galas,” Studies in Contemporary Jewry, vol. 33 (2023): 237-239

David E. Fishman, “1890-1914: The Golden Era of the Bund in the Russian Empire,” PL.IT / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi, vol. 14 (2023): 17-31

This article provides an overview of the Bund from the establishment of its precursor organizatio... more This article provides an overview of the Bund from the establishment of its precursor organization in 1890 until World War I. First it takes into account the historical conditions that led to the rise of a distinct Jewish socialist movement in the Russian Empire to then focus on its three spheres of activity: (a) economic difficulties, as a Jewish workers' movement engaged in union-organizing and strikes, (b) political challenges, as a Jewish revolutionary movement working to overthrow the Tsarist system and (c) national obstacles, as a movement fighting for Jewish civil rights and Jewish national autonomy, the advancement of Yiddish language and culture, and the organisation of Jewish self-defense against pogroms. Appended to the article is the translation of an early Bundist pamphlet, The Town Preacher (1895), which presents the movement's ideas in a simple, popular form, based on the story of the single strike of Jewish tobacco-workers in Vilna.

David E. Fishman, “Joseph Isaac Schneersohn: The Making of a Jewish Religious Leader in the Soviet Union,” in Nadia Kizilova and Alex Agadjanian, eds., Religion and the Russian Revolution (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, forthcoming in 2023)

David E. Fishman, “Chaim Grade: The Novelist as Bare-Headed Rosh Yeshiva – Review of Chaim Grade, ‘My Quarrel with Hersh Rasseyner’, trans. Ruth R. Wisse,” The Jewish Review of Books, vol. 13, no. 3 (Fall 2022): 31-34

David E. Fishman, “‘Jewish Conspiracies,’ ‘Israeli neo-Nazis’: Is It Time to Leave Russia?” Haaretz (16 June 2022)

David E. Fishman, “Diary of young Theodor Herzl,” Bamah, no. 287 (2021-2022): 246-247 (Hebrew)

David E. Fishman, “Jewish Scholarship in the Vilna Ghetto,” Afn Shvel, no. 393 (Winter 2021): 20-27,35 (Yiddish)

David E. Fishman, “Introduction,” in Joseph B. Soloveitchik, Droshes vegn shivas-tsiyon un kiyum ho-umoh – Discourses about the Return to Zion and Jewish Destiny, ed. David E. Fishman (New York: OU Press, 2021), 1-12

David E. Fishman, “Introduction,” in Joseph B. Soloveitchik, Droshes vegn shivas-tsiyon un kiyum ho-umoh – Discourses about the Return to Zion and Jewish Destiny, ed. David E. Fishman (New York: OU Press, 2021), 11-22 (Yiddish)

David E. Fishman, “Remembering Marek Web,” Afn shvel, no. 391-392 (Spring-Summer 2021): 6-8 (Yiddish)

David E. Fishman, “How, When, and Why Did Yiddish Become a Modern Culture?” Quest: Issues in Contemporary Jewish History, no. 17 (September 2020): 1-21

The paper seeks to expand the area of modern Yiddish culture beyond literary fiction. It explores... more The paper seeks to expand the area of modern Yiddish culture beyond literary fiction. It explores the rise of modern Yiddish theatre, press, poetry, and political literature in Imperial Russia in the 1880s. The essay argues that these forms of Yiddish cultural expression first became significant and widespread phenomena in the 1880s. It also highlights the emergence of a diverse Yiddish readership and audience, with different levels of Jewish and European cultural background, in order to counter the common dichotomy that Yiddish was for the masses, whereas Hebrew and Russian were used by the Jewish elites. Finally, the article places the rise of Modern Yiddish culture within the context of major social and economic transformations in East European Jewry: urbanization, population growth, and downward economic mobility. Overall, the article refines and revises certain conclusions offered in the author's book The Rise of Modern Yiddish Culture (2005).

David E. Fishman, “Translation of ‘Ghetto Folklore’, by Shimon Huberband,” in Samuel D. Karrow and David G. Roskies, eds., The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, vol. 9: Catastrophe and Rebirth, 1939-1973 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2020), 7-8

David E. Fishman, “Transforming Pain into Light: Avrom Sutzkever,” in Avrom Sutzkever, Ten Poems / Desimt eilerasciu, trans. David E. Fishman (Vilnius: National Library of Lithuania and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 2020), 33-46

David E. Fishman, “Transforming Pain into Light: Avrom Sutzkever,” in Avrom Sutzkever, Ten Poems / Desimt eilerasciu, trans. David E. Fishman (Vilnius: National Library of Lithuania and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 2020), 19-30 (Lithuanian)

David E. Fishman, “From Shtadlanut to Mass Parties: Jewish Political Movements in Lithuania,” in Vladas Sirutavičius, et al., eds., The History of Jews in Lithuania: From the Middle Ages to the 1990s (Paderborn, Germany: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2020), 216-233

Prior to the rise of modern political movements, the Jews' political interests were represented b... more Prior to the rise of modern political movements, the Jews' political interests were represented by individual notables, who by virtue of their wealth, official position or social prominence, had connections with high-ranking Imperial Russian officials. These notables utilised a combination of pleading, rational argumentation and financial incentives (gifts, bribes) behind closed doors, in a centuries-old mode of quiet diplomacy known as shtadlanut (intercession). The goals of shtadlanut were usually defensive: to protect the Jewish political status quo (e.g. to prevent expulsions and increased taxation, to respond to false accusations such as blood libels), and to counteract perceived abuses by local officials (such as arrests and trials). On the Imperial level, shtadlanut was, naturally, based in St Petersburg, and revolved around the Jewish banking magnate Baron Horace Ginzburg. In Lithuania, it was conducted by individuals such as Shmuel Yosef Fuenn (1818-1891), a prominent Maskil and wealthy businessman, who was inspector of Jewish Crown schools in the Vilnius educational district and a member of the Vilnius city council; and Rabbi Yitkhok Elkhonon Spektor (1817-1896) of Kaunas, who was revered as the highest rabbinical authority in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century. Modern Jewish political movements had much more ambitious goals: either the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, or the revolutionary transformation of Russia and its Jews. They sought to change rather than protect the status quo. And instead of relying on quiet diplomacy, they mobilised large numbers of Jews to participate in activities that would help realise their political goals.1 1 Hibat Tzion The catalyst for the creation of the first Jewish political movement, Hibat Tzion (Palestinophilism), was the wave of pogroms that swept across Ukraine in

David E. Fishman, “Split Identity: Jewish Scholarship in the Vilna Ghetto,” in Avraham (Alan) Rosen and Jillian Davidson, eds., There’s a Jewish Way of Saying Things: Essays in Honor of David Roskies [=In geveb (June 2020] (New York 2020), 1-9

In this essay, David Fishman draws a comparison between yidishe visnshaft, or Jewish studies scho... more In this essay, David Fishman draws a comparison between yidishe visnshaft, or Jewish studies scholarship, and Judenforschung, the Nazi field of antisemitic Jewish studies used to justify the persecution and extermination of Jews in scientific terms. He examines the work of Zelig Kalmanovitch, who had been a well-known scholar and co-director of YIVO before World War II, during the time when he was forced to produce scholarship as a member of the Jewish slave labor brigade assigned to the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR) in Vilna. Fishman notes the remarkable scholarly accomplishments Kalmanovitch was able to achieve in a time of enormous adversity. He also demonstrates several junctures in which Kalmanovitch, a meticulous scholar, omitted facts or altered scholarship in order to save lives. These dual impulses of preserving historical truths about Jewish communities and a willingness to obscure facts over which people could be killed contribute to Fishman's assessment that Kalmanovitch's scholarship emerged from erudition, love, and dedication to the Jewish people about whom he wrote, the very opposite of the purposes for which his scholarship was obtained by his Nazi slave masters. Between Yidishe Visnshaft and Judenforschung (Jewish Studies and the Study of Jews) On June 16, 1942, Herbert Gotthardt, a staff member of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR) in Vilna, instructed Zelig Kalmanovitch to prepare an essay and bibliography on the Karaites. Kalmanovitch, a well-known scholar and co-director of YIVO before the war, was a member of the Jewish slave labor brigade assigned to the ERR which segregated Jewish and other books, manuscripts, and documents into two categories: valuable items that would be sent to Germany, and valueless items that would be destroyed.

David E. Fishman, “Introduction to Hebrew Edition,” in David E. Fishman, The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis* (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 2020), 1-2 (Hebrew)

David E. Fishman, “Introduction to Hebrew Edition,” in David E. Fishman, The Book Smugglers: Part... more

David E. Fishman, “Heroes of Jewish Heritage,” Torah from JTS (23 March 2018): 4

David E. Fishman, “The Jewish Museum In Vilnius, 1944-1949,” in Mark Kupovetsky, ed., Sovietica Judaica (Moscow: Russian State University for the Humanities Press, 2017), 242-260 (Russian)

David E. Fishman, “Preserving Tradition in the Land of Revolution: The Religious Leadership of Soviet Jewry 1917-1930,” in Michael Beizer, ed., History of the Jews in Russia, vol. 3: From the Revolutions of 1917 to the Fall of the Soviet Union (Jerusalem: Gesharim Press, 2017), 179-211 (Russian)

*Jewish Documentary Sources in L’viv Archives: A Guide*, eds. David E. Fishman and Alexander Ivanov (Wrocław: Wrocław University Press, 2023)

Jewish Documentary Sources in Lviv Archives: A Guide is the fourth volume in the series of multi-... more Jewish Documentary Sources in Lviv Archives: A Guide is the fourth volume in the series of multi-archival guides Jewish Documentary Sources in the Archives of Ukraine,1 published as part of the large-scale Jewish Archival Survey. This project, initiated in 1991 by the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (New York), has been carried out by the JTS in collaboration with a number of Ukrainian archival and research institutions,2 as well as institutions from other countries.3

Joseph B. Soloveitchik, *Droshes vegn shivas-tsiyon un kiyum ho-umoh – Discourses about the Return to Zion and Jewish Destiny*, ed. David E. Fishman (New York: OU Press, 2021)

Avrom Sutzkever, *Ten Poems / Desimt eilerasciu*, trans. David E. Fishman (Vilnius: National Library of Lithuania and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 2020)

David E. Fishman, *Shklovtsy: pervie rossiiskie evrei novogo vremeny* (Moscow: Knizhniki, 2020)

David E. Fishman, *The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis* (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 2020; Hebrew)

David E. Fishman, *The Rise of Modern Yiddish Culture* (Kiev: Dukh i litera, 2015; Russian)

David E. Fishman, *The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis* (Lebanon, New Hampshire: ForeEdge Press, 2017)

David E. Fishman, *Securing Our Inheritance: The Fate and State of Jewish Documentary Heritage in Europe* (London: Rothschild Foundation Europe, 2015)

Front and back cover images are reproduced with the permission of the rothschild archive and the ... more

David E. Fishman, *Vokrug Yidisha: Ocherki istorii evreiskoi kultury v rossii I polshe* (Kiev: Dukh I litera Press, 2015)

*Nazi-Looted Jewish Archives in Moscow: A Guide to Jewish Historical and Cultural Collections in the Russian State Military Archive*, eds. David E. Fishman, Mark Lipovetsky, and Vladimir Kuzelenkov (Scranton and London: University of Scranton Press, 2010)

Joseph B. Soloveitchik, *Droshes un ksovim – Yiddish Drashos and Writings*, ed. David E. Fishman (Jersey City, New Jersey: Ktav Publishing House, Inc., 2009)

*Idish: Iazyk I kul'tura v Sovetskom Soiuze*, eds. Leonid Katsis, Marina Kaspina, and David E. Fishman (Moscow: RGGU, 2009; Russian)

David E. Fishman, *Embers Plucked From the Fire: The Rescue of Jewish Cultural Treasures in Vilna*, second expanded edition (New York: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 2009)

*Documents on the History and Culture of Jews in the Trophy Collections of the Russian State Military Archive*, eds. David E. Fishman, Mark Lipovetsky, and Vladimir Kuzelenkov (Moscow: Russian State University Press, 2005; Russian)

David E. Fishman, *The Rise of Modern Yiddish Culture* (Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 2010)

*From Abraham to Modernity: Eleven Introductions to Jewish History and Literature*, eds. Burton L. Visotzky and David E. Fishman (Moscow: Russian State University Press, 2002; Russian)

*From Mesopotamia to Modernity: Ten Introductions to Jewish History and Literature*, eds. Burton L. Visotzky and David E. Fishman (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999)

All rights wserved. P~~~t e c l in the Unitecl States of America. No part: of this publicalion ma... more All rights wserved. P~~~t e c l in the Unitecl States of America. No part: of this publicalion may he reprc3duced or tmnsmitted in any form or by nny mear~s, eelectro~~ic ar mechanicni, inclucli n~p h~t o c o p y~ reeurc3ing, or any informatioi~ storage and retrievat system, without permissicm in wFitii18 from the prrblisher.

David E. Fishman, *Dem Feuer entrissen: Die Rettung Juedischer Kulturschaetze in Wilna* (Hannover: Laurentius, 1998)

*YIVO-Bleter*, New Series, vol. 3, eds. David E. Fishman and Avraham Nowersztern New York: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 1997)

David E. Fishman, *Embers Plucked From the Fire: The Rescue of Jewish Cultural Treasures in Vilna*, first edition (New York: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 1996)