A number of development projects fail due to insufficient Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) initiat... more A number of development projects fail due to insufficient Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) initiatives. This study was conducted in Dodoma and Dar es Salaam regions of Tanzania to assess the influence of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practices on the performance of the SIKIKA Health Project. A purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the respondents. A total of 71 respondents participated in this study. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary reviews. Findings revealed that the M&E activities influenced the performance of the SIKIKA Health Project. The M&E activities that were being done by the SIKIKA Health Project include preparation and use of standard M&E tools (84.5%), reporting (73.2%), site visit (67.6%), supportive supervision (57.7%) and participatory monitoring (39.4%). Each of these activities was critical in ensuring the project's success. The mean score was 4, meaning that the respondents agreed that the SIKIKA Health Project considered the M&E plan at the initial stage of the planning process. Further findings showed that project staff were being trained to carry out M&E activities. Likewise, the respondents disagreed that community engagement was being done to ensure they were involved in the project monitoring. Regularity of M&E, stakeholders' participation, fund allocation, adoption of new technology, and management commitment had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on the performance of the project. The study findings conclude that the M&E practices influence project performance. The researchers recommend that for the SIKIKA to conduct M&E activities collaboratively should adopt a participatory M&E approach.
Although there have been different rehabilitation activities introduced by Tanzania Prison Servic... more Although there have been different rehabilitation activities introduced by Tanzania Prison Services (TPS) since independence to reduce recidivism, the rate of recidivism has remained relatively high with the prevalence of reoffending and stigma on the part of ex-prisoners. Failure to effectively implement rehabilitation activities is said to be among the causes of an increase in recidivism by the ex-prisoners. With support from cognitive behavioural therapy, human capital theory, and labelling theory, this study aimed to explore the effects of rehabilitation activities on reducing recidivism in Tanzania by combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Data were collected through surveys, interviews, discussions, and observations. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, while qualitative data were analysed through content analysis. Findings revealed that informal rehabilitation activities were not able to reduce the reoffending behaviour of recidivists. The effective rehabilitation activities were those focused on life skills, psychosocial aspects, and educational programs. Problems such as curriculum design, financial constraints, infrastructure limitations, attendance problems, and varying literacy levels among prisoners pose obstacles to the effective rehabilitation of prisoners. Therefore, rehabilitation initiatives should focus on generating practical skills that contribute to the successful reintegration of prisoners into society. In addition, life skills, spiritual, psychological, and educational programs must be supported by authentic curricula and well-defined delivery modes. Prison management should also be sensitized to the importance of disciplinary science, aftercare services, and startup capital for enhancing reintegration, proper rehabilitation, and reducing recidivism among prisoners.
The adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) technologies by smallholder farmers is expected to ... more The adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) technologies by smallholder farmers is expected to affect agricultural productivity and ultimately improve food security and farm incomes. However, there is still limited empirical evidence on the adoption and effects of CA technologies among smallholder farmers in the semi-arid areas of Tanzania. This study was designed to assess the adoption of CA by smallholder farmers in semi-arid areas. The study used a cross-sectional survey design in four villages in Chamwino districts where CA projects are promoted. A random sample of 260 households was interviewed in this study, including 134 CA adopters and 126 non-CA adopters. Data were collected and analyzed using KoBo and SPSS statistics respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to examine extension approaches applied and analyze the extent of CA adoptions. A logistic regression model explored the determinants influencing farmers’ decisions to adopt CA. In addition, two independent samp...
South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics
Mongolia is a nomadic country. Due to the small population, large land area, and geographical loc... more Mongolia is a nomadic country. Due to the small population, large land area, and geographical location, the country has mainly focused on animal husbandry as one of the sources of income for the local people and foreign currency of the country. Beef exports play an essential role in Mongolia’s economy. However, due to several constraints that hinder export growth, Mongolia cannot export its agricultural products to its full capacity. One of the main challenges for Mongolian beef exporters is identifying key destination markets for their products and the know-how to access them. This article discusses the export of Mongolian beef to China, focusing on the potential of Mongolian beef cattle and its economic importance, the overall situation of Mongolian cattle products in the Chinese market, and the opportunities and market expansion challenges in China. This study is characterised as qualitative and quantitative research of an exploratory and descriptive nature, using bibliographic r...
Out-of-Pocket Payments (OPPs) have serious consequences for access to and utilization of health c... more Out-of-Pocket Payments (OPPs) have serious consequences for access to and utilization of health care and are particularly devastating for the poor. Although women constitute the majority of the poor in Tanzania and globally, the implications of user fees for access to health care from a gender perspective have received little attention. This study aimed to fill this gap by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyzes to investigate the gendered impact of OOPs on health care utilization in Kondoa District in both rural and urban areas. 206 households were interviewed and six single-sex focus groups were held. The study found that female-headed households (FHH) had higher cost burdens from seeking care and untreated morbidity than male-headed households (MHHs. Direct payment was the main means of payment for health care for both households. Households in both rural and urban areas bear catastrophic burdens on health expenditure as it constitutes more than 10% of household income. Borrowing money was the main strategy applicable significantly in both rural and urban areas to cover health expenses. Out-of-pocket health expenditure had a significant relationship with untreated morbidity, medical visits, and coverage of treatment costs. There was also a significant inclusion of all household members, male and female, regarding health care decisions in all parameters assessed. It is therefore recommended to consider the introduction of affordable public health insurance schemes to ensure health insurance coverage for all individuals in both rural and urban areas. The vulnerability of women is also of particular concern and efforts to improve their access to health care should be encouraged. Health policies should also consider rural dwellers as a vulnerable group seeking affordable health services. On the other hand, the quality of public health expenditure must be improved by strengthening budget execution performance and better monitoring of public expenditure.
International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 2017
The objective of this study was to analyse the decline of fish stock and its effects to the livel... more The objective of this study was to analyse the decline of fish stock and its effects to the livelihood of small scale fisheries. The study was conducted at Ilemela District in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Data were collected through interview and focus group discussion with the sample size of 84 respondents plus 4 key informants. The SPSS and STATA software were used in analyzing the collected data and information. This study shows that there are significant changes in amounts of fish catches per day by households in all seasons [before and after decline in fish stock in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania]. Using descriptive statistics, the catches in low season before decline in fish stock has a mean score of 83.75 as compared to a mean score of 18.33 after decline in fish stock and also catches in high season before decline has a mean score of 158.21 as compared to a mean score of 55.833 after decline this impacted the household on the expenses that depend on the income obtained from fishing activities i.e. purchasing food, clothes, paying hospital bills and school fees. However, illegal fishing and fishing methods i.e. higher temperature caused by climate change, lack of alternative sources of income, population growth and unemployment are major constraints to full exploitation of fishing [production potential] and jeopardizes efforts to improving productivity on the sector. In this regard, government intervention is needed to attract investor or donor in the fish and fishing sector who will provide training to small scale fisheries and ensuring awareness towards fisheries resource in the shores of Lake Victoria and this will reduce the decline of fish stock. In addition, the development partners [provide technical and finances] and government [provide institutional framework, technical and financial] should play great role in protecting fishing in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania to ensure that, bylaws are formulated to enforce adoption of improved fishing methods and reduce unemployment rate to youth by investing in high labor absorption sectors i.e. labor intensive industries which will contribute to nation GDP.
International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 2014
Собственность как психологический феномен В зарубежной психологии, в отличие от отечественной, ра... more Собственность как психологический феномен В зарубежной психологии, в отличие от отечественной, распространённым предметом психологических исследова ний является отношение человека к соб ственности. Важнейшей характеристи кой собственности является её двойная природа-материальная и психологиче ская. Собственность как явление не су ществует вне психологического прост Отношение к собственности как предмет психологического исследования Е.О. Смирнова доктор психологических наук, руководитель Центра игры и игрушки, профессор кафедры дошкольной психологии и педагогики факультета психологии образования, ГБОУ ВПО МГППУ,
Time series models are promising tools for forecasting commodity prices. However, their applicati... more Time series models are promising tools for forecasting commodity prices. However, their applications to guide producers in agricultural investments and marketing decisions are still limited. This article compares the ARIMA and Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing models in terms of forecasting the monthly wholesale rice price in Tanzania. Even with very little difference, the Holt-Winters additive model showed the best results for forecasting rice prices compared to the ARIMA model. Thus, both models can be used to forecast the prices of agricultural products.
Abstract One of the main risks that tend to affect the profitability and well-being of smallholde... more Abstract One of the main risks that tend to affect the profitability and well-being of smallholder rice farmers in Tanzania is volatile rice prices. Improving the capacity of farmers to manage price risks is essential to increase rural incomes. This article applies descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and probit model to examine price risk management strategies of smallholders rice farmers, and factors affecting their use. Results have shown that most rice farmers prefer to manage price risk through spot market strategies, even though forward contracts perform better. The factors that significantly affected the adoption of the risk management tools were farm income, technological intensity, income diversification activities, access to market information, and storage facilities. Findings suggest that policies aimed at establishing and promoting commodity- derivative markets, improving market information systems, supporting the construction of warehouse facilities in rural areas, and improving access to credit for farmers could enhance farmers’ ability to manage price risks. Governments can also set up price guarantee schemes to help farmers cope with the loss of income resulting from catastrophic events or major market disruptions.
This paper examines the export demand function of Malawi tobacco using panel data from 1997 to 20... more This paper examines the export demand function of Malawi tobacco using panel data from 1997 to 2019. It estimates the relationship of tobacco quantity exported with Malawi’s export price, competitor’s export price, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real effective exchange rate (REER) as well as the impact of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). A double log fixed effects model with driscoll- kraay standard errors as well as fixed effects model with Least Square Dummy Variables (LSDV) model was used for empirical estimation. The empirical results confirmed that there exists a significant relationship among Malawi tobacco export demand, trade partner’s real income and export price. Furthermore, REER was elastic, while own price and cross price elasticities were less than zero. The results indicated that Malawi should take advantage of the high incomes of the tobacco importing countries to enhance international market share.
: The study was conducted at Dodoma Municipal district in Dodoma region. The general objective of... more : The study was conducted at Dodoma Municipal district in Dodoma region. The general objective of this study was to determine factors contributing to agricultural productivity in smallholder farmers. Purposively,three wards with periodic markets namely; Hombolo, Makutupora and Msalato, were selected in Dodoma municipality. The simple random sampling was used to select two mitaas in each Ward and 279 smallholder farmer households. Both the multiple response (scoring method) and factor analysis (maximum likelihood) was used to determine factors linked to agriculture productivity in the study area. Although Varimax and Quartimax are the two orthogonal approaches reporting on factor analysis method, the Varimax method is more conclusive as it minimizes the number of variables that have high weights on each factor. With Varimax rotation method, it has been revealed that climate (0.994), poor agriculture marketing (0.113) and degradation of natural resources (0.101) are the most important physical and economic factors affecting agriculture productivity in the study area have been. While climate plays a dominating role in agriculture production, good input – output markets precipitate increased agriculture production. Degradation of natural resources, such as land and water, undermines production capacity and threatens the sustainability of the natural ecosystem. Making appropriate technology available and accessible to smallholders farmers is suggested to go long way to improve agriculture productivity to smallholder farmers hence reducing rural poverty. Appropriate technology will enable farmers practice Climate Smart Agriculture, rehabilitate the land nutritional base, and managing land erosion. While good input markets will assure availability of agro input to small holder farmers, good output markets will ensure more income to small holders farmers. Tanzanian Government must increase her investments and spending in agriculture and technology development and dissemination.
This paper analysed factors that influence the demand to join community health insurance scheme. ... more This paper analysed factors that influence the demand to join community health insurance scheme. Using random sampling, data were collected from 130 households at Dodoma Municipality in Tanzania. Logistic regression model was used in testing the socio economic and demographic factors influencing decisions to join the health insurance scheme among the households. It was found that, age, increased levels of schooling and increased income levels of individuals influence the chances of joining CHIS. However, being a female individual and higher distance to health facility decrease the chances of joining the scheme . The analysis also suggests that the professional activity carried out, the marital status of the individuals, as well as the number of dependents in a household do not explain the decision to join Community Health Insurance Scheme . In view of the research findings, policy proposals are suggested including creating an enabling environment by putting in place a coherent legal...
A number of development projects fail due to insufficient Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) initiat... more A number of development projects fail due to insufficient Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) initiatives. This study was conducted in Dodoma and Dar es Salaam regions of Tanzania to assess the influence of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practices on the performance of the SIKIKA Health Project. A purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the respondents. A total of 71 respondents participated in this study. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary reviews. Findings revealed that the M&E activities influenced the performance of the SIKIKA Health Project. The M&E activities that were being done by the SIKIKA Health Project include preparation and use of standard M&E tools (84.5%), reporting (73.2%), site visit (67.6%), supportive supervision (57.7%) and participatory monitoring (39.4%). Each of these activities was critical in ensuring the project's success. The mean score was 4, meaning that the respondents agreed that the SIKIKA Health Project considered the M&E plan at the initial stage of the planning process. Further findings showed that project staff were being trained to carry out M&E activities. Likewise, the respondents disagreed that community engagement was being done to ensure they were involved in the project monitoring. Regularity of M&E, stakeholders' participation, fund allocation, adoption of new technology, and management commitment had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on the performance of the project. The study findings conclude that the M&E practices influence project performance. The researchers recommend that for the SIKIKA to conduct M&E activities collaboratively should adopt a participatory M&E approach.
Although there have been different rehabilitation activities introduced by Tanzania Prison Servic... more Although there have been different rehabilitation activities introduced by Tanzania Prison Services (TPS) since independence to reduce recidivism, the rate of recidivism has remained relatively high with the prevalence of reoffending and stigma on the part of ex-prisoners. Failure to effectively implement rehabilitation activities is said to be among the causes of an increase in recidivism by the ex-prisoners. With support from cognitive behavioural therapy, human capital theory, and labelling theory, this study aimed to explore the effects of rehabilitation activities on reducing recidivism in Tanzania by combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Data were collected through surveys, interviews, discussions, and observations. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, while qualitative data were analysed through content analysis. Findings revealed that informal rehabilitation activities were not able to reduce the reoffending behaviour of recidivists. The effective rehabilitation activities were those focused on life skills, psychosocial aspects, and educational programs. Problems such as curriculum design, financial constraints, infrastructure limitations, attendance problems, and varying literacy levels among prisoners pose obstacles to the effective rehabilitation of prisoners. Therefore, rehabilitation initiatives should focus on generating practical skills that contribute to the successful reintegration of prisoners into society. In addition, life skills, spiritual, psychological, and educational programs must be supported by authentic curricula and well-defined delivery modes. Prison management should also be sensitized to the importance of disciplinary science, aftercare services, and startup capital for enhancing reintegration, proper rehabilitation, and reducing recidivism among prisoners.
The adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) technologies by smallholder farmers is expected to ... more The adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) technologies by smallholder farmers is expected to affect agricultural productivity and ultimately improve food security and farm incomes. However, there is still limited empirical evidence on the adoption and effects of CA technologies among smallholder farmers in the semi-arid areas of Tanzania. This study was designed to assess the adoption of CA by smallholder farmers in semi-arid areas. The study used a cross-sectional survey design in four villages in Chamwino districts where CA projects are promoted. A random sample of 260 households was interviewed in this study, including 134 CA adopters and 126 non-CA adopters. Data were collected and analyzed using KoBo and SPSS statistics respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to examine extension approaches applied and analyze the extent of CA adoptions. A logistic regression model explored the determinants influencing farmers’ decisions to adopt CA. In addition, two independent samp...
South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics
Mongolia is a nomadic country. Due to the small population, large land area, and geographical loc... more Mongolia is a nomadic country. Due to the small population, large land area, and geographical location, the country has mainly focused on animal husbandry as one of the sources of income for the local people and foreign currency of the country. Beef exports play an essential role in Mongolia’s economy. However, due to several constraints that hinder export growth, Mongolia cannot export its agricultural products to its full capacity. One of the main challenges for Mongolian beef exporters is identifying key destination markets for their products and the know-how to access them. This article discusses the export of Mongolian beef to China, focusing on the potential of Mongolian beef cattle and its economic importance, the overall situation of Mongolian cattle products in the Chinese market, and the opportunities and market expansion challenges in China. This study is characterised as qualitative and quantitative research of an exploratory and descriptive nature, using bibliographic r...
Out-of-Pocket Payments (OPPs) have serious consequences for access to and utilization of health c... more Out-of-Pocket Payments (OPPs) have serious consequences for access to and utilization of health care and are particularly devastating for the poor. Although women constitute the majority of the poor in Tanzania and globally, the implications of user fees for access to health care from a gender perspective have received little attention. This study aimed to fill this gap by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyzes to investigate the gendered impact of OOPs on health care utilization in Kondoa District in both rural and urban areas. 206 households were interviewed and six single-sex focus groups were held. The study found that female-headed households (FHH) had higher cost burdens from seeking care and untreated morbidity than male-headed households (MHHs. Direct payment was the main means of payment for health care for both households. Households in both rural and urban areas bear catastrophic burdens on health expenditure as it constitutes more than 10% of household income. Borrowing money was the main strategy applicable significantly in both rural and urban areas to cover health expenses. Out-of-pocket health expenditure had a significant relationship with untreated morbidity, medical visits, and coverage of treatment costs. There was also a significant inclusion of all household members, male and female, regarding health care decisions in all parameters assessed. It is therefore recommended to consider the introduction of affordable public health insurance schemes to ensure health insurance coverage for all individuals in both rural and urban areas. The vulnerability of women is also of particular concern and efforts to improve their access to health care should be encouraged. Health policies should also consider rural dwellers as a vulnerable group seeking affordable health services. On the other hand, the quality of public health expenditure must be improved by strengthening budget execution performance and better monitoring of public expenditure.
International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 2017
The objective of this study was to analyse the decline of fish stock and its effects to the livel... more The objective of this study was to analyse the decline of fish stock and its effects to the livelihood of small scale fisheries. The study was conducted at Ilemela District in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Data were collected through interview and focus group discussion with the sample size of 84 respondents plus 4 key informants. The SPSS and STATA software were used in analyzing the collected data and information. This study shows that there are significant changes in amounts of fish catches per day by households in all seasons [before and after decline in fish stock in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania]. Using descriptive statistics, the catches in low season before decline in fish stock has a mean score of 83.75 as compared to a mean score of 18.33 after decline in fish stock and also catches in high season before decline has a mean score of 158.21 as compared to a mean score of 55.833 after decline this impacted the household on the expenses that depend on the income obtained from fishing activities i.e. purchasing food, clothes, paying hospital bills and school fees. However, illegal fishing and fishing methods i.e. higher temperature caused by climate change, lack of alternative sources of income, population growth and unemployment are major constraints to full exploitation of fishing [production potential] and jeopardizes efforts to improving productivity on the sector. In this regard, government intervention is needed to attract investor or donor in the fish and fishing sector who will provide training to small scale fisheries and ensuring awareness towards fisheries resource in the shores of Lake Victoria and this will reduce the decline of fish stock. In addition, the development partners [provide technical and finances] and government [provide institutional framework, technical and financial] should play great role in protecting fishing in shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania to ensure that, bylaws are formulated to enforce adoption of improved fishing methods and reduce unemployment rate to youth by investing in high labor absorption sectors i.e. labor intensive industries which will contribute to nation GDP.
International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 2014
Собственность как психологический феномен В зарубежной психологии, в отличие от отечественной, ра... more Собственность как психологический феномен В зарубежной психологии, в отличие от отечественной, распространённым предметом психологических исследова ний является отношение человека к соб ственности. Важнейшей характеристи кой собственности является её двойная природа-материальная и психологиче ская. Собственность как явление не су ществует вне психологического прост Отношение к собственности как предмет психологического исследования Е.О. Смирнова доктор психологических наук, руководитель Центра игры и игрушки, профессор кафедры дошкольной психологии и педагогики факультета психологии образования, ГБОУ ВПО МГППУ,
Time series models are promising tools for forecasting commodity prices. However, their applicati... more Time series models are promising tools for forecasting commodity prices. However, their applications to guide producers in agricultural investments and marketing decisions are still limited. This article compares the ARIMA and Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing models in terms of forecasting the monthly wholesale rice price in Tanzania. Even with very little difference, the Holt-Winters additive model showed the best results for forecasting rice prices compared to the ARIMA model. Thus, both models can be used to forecast the prices of agricultural products.
Abstract One of the main risks that tend to affect the profitability and well-being of smallholde... more Abstract One of the main risks that tend to affect the profitability and well-being of smallholder rice farmers in Tanzania is volatile rice prices. Improving the capacity of farmers to manage price risks is essential to increase rural incomes. This article applies descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and probit model to examine price risk management strategies of smallholders rice farmers, and factors affecting their use. Results have shown that most rice farmers prefer to manage price risk through spot market strategies, even though forward contracts perform better. The factors that significantly affected the adoption of the risk management tools were farm income, technological intensity, income diversification activities, access to market information, and storage facilities. Findings suggest that policies aimed at establishing and promoting commodity- derivative markets, improving market information systems, supporting the construction of warehouse facilities in rural areas, and improving access to credit for farmers could enhance farmers’ ability to manage price risks. Governments can also set up price guarantee schemes to help farmers cope with the loss of income resulting from catastrophic events or major market disruptions.
This paper examines the export demand function of Malawi tobacco using panel data from 1997 to 20... more This paper examines the export demand function of Malawi tobacco using panel data from 1997 to 2019. It estimates the relationship of tobacco quantity exported with Malawi’s export price, competitor’s export price, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real effective exchange rate (REER) as well as the impact of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). A double log fixed effects model with driscoll- kraay standard errors as well as fixed effects model with Least Square Dummy Variables (LSDV) model was used for empirical estimation. The empirical results confirmed that there exists a significant relationship among Malawi tobacco export demand, trade partner’s real income and export price. Furthermore, REER was elastic, while own price and cross price elasticities were less than zero. The results indicated that Malawi should take advantage of the high incomes of the tobacco importing countries to enhance international market share.
: The study was conducted at Dodoma Municipal district in Dodoma region. The general objective of... more : The study was conducted at Dodoma Municipal district in Dodoma region. The general objective of this study was to determine factors contributing to agricultural productivity in smallholder farmers. Purposively,three wards with periodic markets namely; Hombolo, Makutupora and Msalato, were selected in Dodoma municipality. The simple random sampling was used to select two mitaas in each Ward and 279 smallholder farmer households. Both the multiple response (scoring method) and factor analysis (maximum likelihood) was used to determine factors linked to agriculture productivity in the study area. Although Varimax and Quartimax are the two orthogonal approaches reporting on factor analysis method, the Varimax method is more conclusive as it minimizes the number of variables that have high weights on each factor. With Varimax rotation method, it has been revealed that climate (0.994), poor agriculture marketing (0.113) and degradation of natural resources (0.101) are the most important physical and economic factors affecting agriculture productivity in the study area have been. While climate plays a dominating role in agriculture production, good input – output markets precipitate increased agriculture production. Degradation of natural resources, such as land and water, undermines production capacity and threatens the sustainability of the natural ecosystem. Making appropriate technology available and accessible to smallholders farmers is suggested to go long way to improve agriculture productivity to smallholder farmers hence reducing rural poverty. Appropriate technology will enable farmers practice Climate Smart Agriculture, rehabilitate the land nutritional base, and managing land erosion. While good input markets will assure availability of agro input to small holder farmers, good output markets will ensure more income to small holders farmers. Tanzanian Government must increase her investments and spending in agriculture and technology development and dissemination.
This paper analysed factors that influence the demand to join community health insurance scheme. ... more This paper analysed factors that influence the demand to join community health insurance scheme. Using random sampling, data were collected from 130 households at Dodoma Municipality in Tanzania. Logistic regression model was used in testing the socio economic and demographic factors influencing decisions to join the health insurance scheme among the households. It was found that, age, increased levels of schooling and increased income levels of individuals influence the chances of joining CHIS. However, being a female individual and higher distance to health facility decrease the chances of joining the scheme . The analysis also suggests that the professional activity carried out, the marital status of the individuals, as well as the number of dependents in a household do not explain the decision to join Community Health Insurance Scheme . In view of the research findings, policy proposals are suggested including creating an enabling environment by putting in place a coherent legal...
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