Papers by Liliane Muhimpundu
Background: Multidrug-resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae has increased rapidly and present a glo... more Background: Multidrug-resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae has increased rapidly and present a global public health challenge. This challenge has resulted from the Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producers rendering most of beta-lactam antibiotics ineffective posing a therapeutic threat. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and ESBL specific resistant genes in K. Pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract-infected patients at Mama Lucy Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among consenting 400 suspected urinary tract infected patients visiting Mama Lucy hospital, Kenya. Midstream urine samples were collected, cultured,identified and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns determined using the disc diffusion method and ESBL production detected using double disc synergy test. The ESBL positive phenotypes were then confirmed by PCR targeting four beta-lactamase blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaOXA genes. Results: A total of 400 participants were found to have UTIs. The females' participants were 77.25% while males were 22.75%. The majority participants were between 30-35 years of age (33.5%). Out of the total 400 participants, K. pneumoniae accounted for 40 (19.41%) out of which 30 (75%) were confirmed ESBL positive. High resistance was observed against Ampicillin (84.37%), while 40.62% showed an equal resistance to Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime and Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with 37.50%. Chloramphenicol 96.87%, and Nitrofurantoin 90.62% were effective to isolates. None of the isolates showed resistance to Imipenem. The blaTEM (66.66%) was the most prevalent ESBL gene detected, blaSHV at 60%, blaCTX-M at 40% and the least was blaOXA at 3.33%. Conclusion: The high prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and high trends of ESBL resistance genes were observed. The routine laboratory testing for ESBL phenotypic and molecular methods is recommeded to optimize antibiotic management and reduce the risk of spread of infections caused by ESBL producers. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Research Square (Research Square), Mar 13, 2024
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a public health concern. The World Health Organizatio... more Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a public health concern. The World Health Organization reported that approximately 17.9 million deaths result from CVD annually, accounting for 31% of all deaths globally. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 100 simple randomly selected participants was conducted. Blood samples were collected to analyze lipid profiles, such as highdensity lipoprotein (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels, of participants at the Kibagabaga District Hospital Biochemistry Laboratory. The questionnaire was used to record the predisposing factors associated with CVDs. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used for data analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for mean differences, while the chi-square test was used to assess associations between variables. Results: Most of the participants (38%) were aged 51-60 years and were male (51%) or female (49%). Coronary heart disease (CHD) was the most prevalent CVD (62%) and affected 32% of males and 30% of females, while it accounted for 27% of the population aged 51-60 years. In all the four CVDs, LDL-C had the highest abnormal cases and stood at 97% (n=100), with 59 cases in CHD (n=62), 20 cases in stroke (n=20), 10 cases (n=10) in Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), and 8 cases (n=8) in Heart Failure (HF). The mean difference resulting from the variation in abnormal lipid profiles according to age group (Fcal=14.54327, p=0.001328; Fcrit=4.066181) and sex (Fcal=57.02564, p=0.000971; Fcrit=6.591382) was statistically significant. Alterations in HDL-C (x 2 =17, p=0.000698, 95% CI: 2.1, 22.9) were significantly associated with CVD incidence. Among the predisposing factors, only hypertension [(x 2 =10, 95% CI: (3.6, 21.4), p=0.01853] was significantly associated with CVD incidence. Conclusion: Coronary heart disease was a common CVD, and alterations in lipid profiles were observed among CVD patients, with LDL-C being the most abnormal. Among the predisposing factors, hypertension was the significant contributing risk factor to CVDs. Regular monitoring of lipid profiles is recommended, and patients should respect the advice of physicians to prevent long-term morbidity and further complications of the disease.
Background Periodontal disease is ranked the second oral health disorder following tooth decay. A... more Background Periodontal disease is ranked the second oral health disorder following tooth decay. About 50% of the global adult population suffers from periodontal disease, making it one of the world’s most common disease. The study was carried out to assess the bacterial profiles and Predisposing factors associated with periodontitis among adult patients at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital. Methods This was a cross sectional study carried out between September 2021 and February 2022. A total of 102 participants were recruited for this study. Oral swab samples were collected with sterile cotton stick, and transported to INES Ruhengeri clinical microbiology laboratory for bacterial isolation and identification. Chi-square test was used to test for association, while logistic regression was used to test for the relationship between demographic characteristics and periodontitis. Results Periodontitis was prevalent in the age range of 40–49 years (24%) and the high morbidity was observed among...
Background: Nyiragongo Volcano erupted, and disturbed preventive measures taken by Rwanda to curb... more Background: Nyiragongo Volcano erupted, and disturbed preventive measures taken by Rwanda to curb the pressure of COVID-19 pandemic transmission. About 232,433 Congolese left their home, and of them, more than 8000 people crossed the border to Rwanda, which disturbed COVID-19 pandemic preventive measures. Objective: This study sought to find out whether the rise in Covid-19 in Rwanda was caused by volcanic eruption in either the exposed area of Rubavu district due to suddenly unpredicted eruption or spread throughout some neighboring areas via Kigali due to the earthquakes. Both Mathematical model and a sequential mathematical preliminary were used. Methods: A sequential mathematical preliminary of Covid-19 was considered to check how it spreads within a large number of population. The model diagram was proposed with four compartmental model. The nonlinear dynamical system was derived from the model. The model was checked for positivity and boundedness in a system. The basic reprodu...
Advances in human biology, 2022
IntRoductIon Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine o... more IntRoductIon Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine of an individual without signs and symptoms. During pregnancy, the significant reduction of immunity favours the growth of pathogens and opportunistic pathogens. Bacteriuria affects 2%-15% of pregnant women. About 30%-40% of these women may develop acute pyelonephritis if the condition remains untreated. ASB has contributed to adverse maternal health outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight. [1] The reports show that women with diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes, women with low social-economic status, and women with a previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI) are the most predisposed to ASB. [2] Early treatments of ASB prevent pyelonephritis and lower the risk of preterm deliveries. To control ASB, hospitals Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a global health concern during pregnancy. It accounts for 2%-15% of pregnant women globally. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ASB, the leading cause of ASB during pregnancy, and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria associated with ASB. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from September to December 2021 at Muhoza Health Centre. About 142 pregnant women without symptoms of urinary tract infections were recruited. The urine sample collected was put in a sterile Stuart plastic container and transported to INES Ruhengeri clinical microbiology for bacterial identification. The structured interview was conducted to assess factors associated with ASB among women. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the relationship between demographic characteristics and ASB, while a Chi-square test (x 2) was performed to test for association with ASB and other determinants considered in this study. Results: About 70.40% of participants had ASB. Pregnant women in the second trimester (28.16%) and first trimester (25.35%) were the most affected, while women aged 24-29 (28.16%) were the most affected. Escherichia coli (27.6%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (23.8%) were the predominant isolated bacteria in the urine and was observed to be the most coloniser of the urinary tract throughout all the pregnancy trimesters. Among demographic characteristics, urban residence (P = 0.005, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.717-4.160), primary education (P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 15.390-19.310), ordinary education (P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 16.550-20.455) and advanced level education (P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 17.194-20.650) were statistically significant to contribute to ASB. Hygiene (x 2 = 6.81, P = 0.009) was significantly associated with ASB. K. pneumonia and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were the most resistant bacteria to selected antibiotics. Conclusion: ASB may be an epidemic in pregnancy. Early diagnosis of ASB is recommended in early pregnancy to prevent pregnancy-associated complications.
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
Background: Dental caries remains a public health threat of concern among children. About 2.3 bil... more Background: Dental caries remains a public health threat of concern among children. About 2.3 billion people are affected by dental caries, of which 530 million are children globally. Objective: This study was carried out to identify sugar fermenting bacteria in the oral cavity and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, assess the association with sugar fermenter bacteria and dental caries and evaluate dental caries outcomes among children. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2021 and February 2022 at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital. About 136 oral swab samples were collected from children with and without dental caries at 1:1 ratio. The samples were put in Stuart sterile container and transported to INES-clinical microbiology laboratory for microbial identification. Logistic regression analysis of demographic characteristics was performed to study the relationship between demographic variables and dental caries. Chi-square test was performed for the association between variables. Results: About 67.6% were male, while children of age 7–9 years (64.7%) dominated the age groups. Lactobacilli spp (15.29%) and Streptococcus mutans (12.94%) were the most predominant microorganisms observed in the oral cavity among children with dental caries. The S. mutans (x2 = 27.03, P < 0.00001, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.2901–0.5785), S. aureus (x2 = 34.59, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.3541–0.6292), Enterobacter aerogenes (x2 = 13.5, P = 0.000239, 95% CI = 0.151–0.4622), Serratia marcescens (x2 = 11.64, P = 0.00645, 95% CI = 0.1275–0.4418) and Klebsiella pneumonia (x2 = 13.51, P = 0.000237, 95% CI = 0.1511–0.4623) were significantly associated with dental caries. Teeth loss (x2 = 51.04, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.4757–0.7205), teeth pain (x2 = 5.05, P = 0.0246, 95% CI = 0.0249–0.33499), and infection (x2 = 4.73, P = 0.02964, 95% CI = 0.0186–0.3441) were dental outcomes associated with tooth decay. Ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and amoxicillin were the most sensitive antibiotics, while vancomycin and chloramphenicol were the most resistant. Conclusion: Sugar consumption favours the growth of sugar fermenter bacteria that cause dental caries among children. Dental caries is associated with adverse oral health outcomes among children. Oral health education is recommended for children. Parents are advised to reduce the consumption of sugary food for their children for oral health safety.
Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ)
Background: Dental disease remains a public health concern of this era. In 2020, World Health Org... more Background: Dental disease remains a public health concern of this era. In 2020, World Health Organization reported that 3.5 billion of oral disease occurs every year. About 2.3 billion case is attributed to dental caries while gum disease affects 10% of the global population. Methods: This was a case control study carried out from November 2020 to February 2021. About 120 participants were recruited, of them, 60 were oral diseased, while the remaining 60 were selected as a control group. Oral swab samples were collected with the swab stick, and put into plastic sterile container to avoid external microbial contamination. Samples were transported to INES clinical microbiology laboratory for microbial identification. chi square was performed to test for association, while odd ratios and relative risk were performed to test for pathogenic microbial fraction. Results: The common oral diseases were tooth decay (56.6%) and gum disease (43.4%). the most affected age range was 5-19years (53.33%), while females (63.3%) were the most affected sex. The most isolated microorganism was Lactobacillus spp (15.8%) for patients, while Staphylococcus aureus (11.2%) was the most isolate in the control group. The statistical significant association with oral microbial alteration and oral disease was observed on Streptococcus mutans (x2=8.9, P= 0.002852), Lactobacillus spp (x2=9.84, P=0.001708), Candida spp (x2=5.2, P=0.02258), Staphylococcus aureus (x2 = 15.6, P= 0.000078), and Providencia spp (x2 = 6, P=0.014306). The overall oral microbial alteration (x2=53, P< 0.00001) was statistically significant. The ratio of pathogenic microorganisms (OR=4, 95%CI:2.3786-7.062 and RR=1.477, 95%CI:1.2478-1.7153) was significantly associated with oral disease. Conclusion: Oral microbial alteration contributes to oral disease. Early detection of oral microbial alteration, and oral diseases are recommended.
East Africa Science
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a public health threat of the 21st century... more Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a public health threat of the 21st century. This pandemic has unexpectedly occurred, and countries have faced challenges to implement the preventive strategies against this unexpected killer. Pregnancy is a critical state among women, and special care should be provided to prevent pregnancy related complications as early as possible. COVID-19 pandemic has restricted services provided to pregnant women due to some prevention measures and treatment programs. Previous studies reported the high increase of obstetric complications among women infected or ever infected by COVID-19. Depression, suicidal intention, low quality of life during pregnancy, gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus, the premature rupture of membranes, miscarriage, preterm delivery, edema, maternal death, and hypoxia and other respiratory conditions were observed among women infected by COVID-19. Strategies for protecting pregnant women durin...
Advances in Human Biology, 2022
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences
Background: Urinary tract Infections (UTIs) are the common infections during pregnancy. About 150... more Background: Urinary tract Infections (UTIs) are the common infections during pregnancy. About 150 million UTIs occur every year globally, and 30% is attributed to pregnant women. Aims and Objective: The study was carried out to observe the association with vaginal microbial community imbalance and urinary tract infections among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 pregnant women were recruited. Of the 80 women, 40 were pregnant with UTI, and the remaining 40 were women without UTI. About 80 vaginal swab samples were collected and transported to INES clinical microbiology laboratory for microbiological analysis. Laboratory techniques including culture, gram stain, and biochemical tests were performed. ANOVA-2 was used for comparison, while chi square (χ2) was used to test for association. Results: E. coli was predominant among women with UTIs while Lactobacilli predominated among women without UTIs. There was a statistical significance association with vaginal microbi...
Article , 2022
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a public health threat of the 21st century... more Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a public health threat of the 21st century. This pandemic has unexpectedly occurred, and countries have faced challenges to implement the preventive strategies against this unexpected killer. Pregnancy is a critical state among women, and special care should be provided to prevent pregnancy related complications as early as possible. COVID-19 pandemic has restricted services provided to pregnant women due to some prevention measures and treatment programs. Previous studies reported the high increase of obstetric complications among women infected or ever infected by COVID-19. Depression, suicidal intention, low quality of life during pregnancy, gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus, the premature rupture of membranes, miscarriage, preterm delivery, edema, maternal death, and hypoxia and other respiratory conditions were observed among women infected by COVID-19. Strategies for protecting pregnant women during pandemics should be enhanced to prevent pregnancy related complications and maternal death. There should be home health care nurses and midwives working with community health workers to assist pregnant women at home. Governments shoulddevelop policies and plans about maintaining maternal and child health during pandemics requiring travel ban and other prevention measures.
Article, 2021
Introduction: Dysbiosis is often used to describe the state where there is a disruption in the ba... more Introduction: Dysbiosis is often used to describe the state where there is a disruption in the balance of organisms in the microbiota. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been associated with disorders within and without the gut. This study aimed to identify the microbiota composition and to determine the association between gut microbiota and gestation weight amongst women attending Muhoza health Center. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used where ninety stool samples were collected amongst pregnant women attending antenatal click of Muhoza health center. The samples were transported to Ines microbiology laboratory for microbiological analysis. Laboratory techniques including culturing, gram stain, and biochemical tests were performed for gut microbial identification. Analysis of variance was used to test the mean bacterial difference in pregnancy trimesters, a t-test was performed to test for the mean bacterial difference in the gestational weight gain (GWG) and gestational weight loss groups, and Chi-square test was used to test for association with gut bacteria imbalance and the gestational weight variation. Results: Lactobacillus 23.28% was the most predominant observed in the gut. The gut bacterial variation throughout pregnancy trimesters was observed (F = 4.437904575, P = 0.022909599). The gut bacterial mean difference was statistically significant in the weight gain and weight loss (t = 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1487–0.5154, P = 0.005428) in the GWG and loss. There was statistical association with gut microbiota dysbiosis and gestational weight amongst pregnant women with Escherichia coli (P = 0.030197, 95% CI: 0.0741–0.4611, x2 = 7), Pseudomonas (P = 0.018316, 95% CI: 0.0941–0.4781, x2 = 8), and Citrobacter (P = 0.00046, 95% CI: 0.7855–0.9014, x2 = 15.38). The overall association (P = 0.001869, 95% CI: 0.9697–0.9868, x2 = 46.19) was statistically significant. Conclusion: Gut bacterial alteration contributes to gestational either weight gain or loss. During antenatal care, gut bacteria should be tested to maintain the gestational weight.
Article, 2021
Original Article Background: Preterm birth is a global public health threat for maternal and chil... more Original Article Background: Preterm birth is a global public health threat for maternal and child health. Each year, 15 million neonates are born preterm worldwide, with 40% resulting from intrauterine infections. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and case-control study was conducted from October to February 2019 at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital. A total of 120 swab samples were collected from 40 women, of which 20 were full-term delivery, while the other 20 were preterm delivery. The three samples, including the placental membranes, amniotic fluids, and fetal membranes, were collected immediately after birth. A sterile cotton swab was used to collect the samples and put into swab Stuart sterile plastic container to avoid sample contamination. Samples were transported in a tightly covered carrier to the clinical microbiology laboratory at INES Ruhengeri for microbiological investigation. Gram staining, culture, and biochemical tests were performed. The independent t-test was used to test for significant differences between the means of the two groups, while the Chi-square test (χ 2) was used to test for significant association with microorganisms and intra-amniotic infections. Results: A half of the participants were in the age range of 24-29 years. Non-albicans candida (32.7%) and mold (27.9%) were the predominant microorganisms isolated. Non-albicans candida and mold were common to preterm and full-term samples. Staphylococcus species were observed in placental and fetal membrane samples. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
Article, 2022
Background: Dental disease remains a public health concern of this era. In 2020, World Health Org... more Background: Dental disease remains a public health concern of this era. In 2020, World Health Organization reported that 3.5 billion of oral disease occurs every year. About 2.3 billion case is attributed to dental caries while gum disease affects 10% of the global population. Methods: This was a case control study carried out from November 2020 to February 2021. About 120 participants were recruited, of them, 60 were oral diseased, while the remaining 60 were selected as a control group. Oral swab samples were collected with the swab stick, and put into plastic sterile container to avoid external microbial contamination. Samples were transported to INES clinical microbiology laboratory for microbial identification. chi square was performed to test for association, while odd ratios and relative risk were performed to test for pathogenic microbial fraction. Results: The common oral diseases were tooth decay (56.6%) and gum disease (43.4%). the most affected age range was 5-19years (53.33%), while females (63.3%) were the most affected sex. The most isolated microorganism was Lactobacillus spp (15.8%) for patients, while Staphylococcus aureus (11.2%) was the most isolate in the control group. The statistical significant association with oral microbial alteration and oral disease was observed on Streptococcus mutans (x2=8.9, P= 0.002852), Lactobacillus spp (x2=9.84, P=0.001708), Candida spp (x2=5.2, P=0.02258), Staphylococcus aureus (x2 = 15.6, P= 0.000078), and Providencia spp (x2 = 6, P=0.014306). The overall oral microbial alteration (x2=53, P< 0.00001) was statistically significant. The ratio of pathogenic microorganisms (OR=4, 95%CI:2.3786-7.062 and RR=1.477, 95%CI:1.2478-1.7153) was significantly associated with oral disease. Conclusion: Oral microbial alteration contributes to oral disease. Early detection of oral microbial alteration, and oral diseases are recommended.
Article, 2022
Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a global health concern during pregnancy. It acco... more Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a global health concern during pregnancy. It accounts for 2%–15% of pregnant women globally. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ASB, the leading cause of ASB during pregnancy, and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria associated with ASB. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from September to December 2021 at Muhoza Health Centre. About 142 pregnant women without symptoms of urinary tract infections were recruited. The urine sample collected was put in a sterile Stuart plastic container and transported to INES Ruhengeri clinical microbiology for bacterial identification. The structured interview was conducted to assess factors associated with ASB among women. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the relationship between demographic characteristics and ASB, while a Chi-square test (x2) was performed to test for association with ASB and other determinants considered in this study. Results: About 70.40% of participants had ASB. Pregnant women in the second trimester (28.16%) and first trimester (25.35%) were the most affected, while women aged 24–29 (28.16%) were the most affected. Escherichia coli (27.6%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (23.8%) were the predominant isolated bacteria in the urine and was observed to be the most coloniser of the urinary tract throughout all the pregnancy trimesters. Among demographic characteristics, urban residence (P = 0.005, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.717–4.160), primary education (P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 15.390–19.310), ordinary education (P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 16.550–20.455) and advanced level education (P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 17.194–20.650) were statistically significant to contribute to ASB. Hygiene (x2 = 6.81, P = 0.009) was significantly associated with ASB. K. pneumonia and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were the most resistant bacteria to selected antibiotics. Conclusion: ASB may be an epidemic in pregnancy. Early diagnosis of ASB is recommended in early pregnancy to prevent pregnancy-associated complications.
Article, 2022
Background: Dental caries remains a public health threat of concern among children. About 2.3 bil... more Background: Dental caries remains a public health threat of concern among children. About 2.3 billion people are affected by dental caries,
of which 530 million are children globally. Objective: This study was carried out to identify sugar fermenting bacteria in the oral cavity and
their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, assess the association with sugar fermenter bacteria and dental caries and evaluate dental caries outcomes
among children. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2021 and February 2022 at Ruhengeri
Referral Hospital. About 136 oral swab samples were collected from children with and without dental caries at 1:1 ratio. The samples were put
in Stuart sterile container and transported to INES‑clinical microbiology laboratory for microbial identification. Logistic regression analysis
of demographic characteristics was performed to study the relationship between demographic variables and dental caries. Chi-square test
was performed for the association between variables. Results: About 67.6% were male, while children of age 7–9 years (64.7%) dominated
the age groups. Lactobacilli spp (15.29%) and Streptococcus mutans (12.94%) were the most predominant microorganisms observed in
the oral cavity among children with dental caries. The S. mutans (x2 = 27.03, P < 0.00001, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.2901–0.5785),
S. aureus (x2 = 34.59, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.3541–0.6292), Enterobacter aerogenes (x2 = 13.5, P = 0.000239, 95% CI = 0.151–0.4622),
Serratia marcescens(x2 = 11.64, P = 0.00645, 95% CI = 0.1275–0.4418) and Klebsiella pneumonia (x2 = 13.51, P = 0.000237, 95% CI = 0.1511–
0.4623) were significantly associated with dental caries. Teeth loss (x2 = 51.04, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.4757–0.7205), teeth pain (x2 = 5.05,
P = 0.0246, 95% CI = 0.0249–0.33499), and infection (x2 = 4.73, P = 0.02964, 95% CI = 0.0186–0.3441) were dental outcomes associated
with tooth decay. Ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and amoxicillin were the most sensitive antibiotics, while vancomycin and chloramphenicol were
the most resistant. Conclusion: Sugar consumption favours the growth of sugar fermenter bacteria that cause dental caries among children.
Dental caries is associated with adverse oral health outcomes among children. Oral health education is recommended for children. Parents are
advised to reduce the consumption of sugary food for their children for oral health safety.
Article, 2021
10 million outpatient visits for urinary tract diagnosis occurs annually in the United States for... more 10 million outpatient visits for urinary tract diagnosis occurs annually in the United States for both men and women. The vaginal anatomical structure makes it the main site of urinary tract infection pathogenesis among women. 2 The vaginal microbiota is a critical factor
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Papers by Liliane Muhimpundu
of which 530 million are children globally. Objective: This study was carried out to identify sugar fermenting bacteria in the oral cavity and
their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, assess the association with sugar fermenter bacteria and dental caries and evaluate dental caries outcomes
among children. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2021 and February 2022 at Ruhengeri
Referral Hospital. About 136 oral swab samples were collected from children with and without dental caries at 1:1 ratio. The samples were put
in Stuart sterile container and transported to INES‑clinical microbiology laboratory for microbial identification. Logistic regression analysis
of demographic characteristics was performed to study the relationship between demographic variables and dental caries. Chi-square test
was performed for the association between variables. Results: About 67.6% were male, while children of age 7–9 years (64.7%) dominated
the age groups. Lactobacilli spp (15.29%) and Streptococcus mutans (12.94%) were the most predominant microorganisms observed in
the oral cavity among children with dental caries. The S. mutans (x2 = 27.03, P < 0.00001, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.2901–0.5785),
S. aureus (x2 = 34.59, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.3541–0.6292), Enterobacter aerogenes (x2 = 13.5, P = 0.000239, 95% CI = 0.151–0.4622),
Serratia marcescens(x2 = 11.64, P = 0.00645, 95% CI = 0.1275–0.4418) and Klebsiella pneumonia (x2 = 13.51, P = 0.000237, 95% CI = 0.1511–
0.4623) were significantly associated with dental caries. Teeth loss (x2 = 51.04, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.4757–0.7205), teeth pain (x2 = 5.05,
P = 0.0246, 95% CI = 0.0249–0.33499), and infection (x2 = 4.73, P = 0.02964, 95% CI = 0.0186–0.3441) were dental outcomes associated
with tooth decay. Ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and amoxicillin were the most sensitive antibiotics, while vancomycin and chloramphenicol were
the most resistant. Conclusion: Sugar consumption favours the growth of sugar fermenter bacteria that cause dental caries among children.
Dental caries is associated with adverse oral health outcomes among children. Oral health education is recommended for children. Parents are
advised to reduce the consumption of sugary food for their children for oral health safety.
of which 530 million are children globally. Objective: This study was carried out to identify sugar fermenting bacteria in the oral cavity and
their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, assess the association with sugar fermenter bacteria and dental caries and evaluate dental caries outcomes
among children. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2021 and February 2022 at Ruhengeri
Referral Hospital. About 136 oral swab samples were collected from children with and without dental caries at 1:1 ratio. The samples were put
in Stuart sterile container and transported to INES‑clinical microbiology laboratory for microbial identification. Logistic regression analysis
of demographic characteristics was performed to study the relationship between demographic variables and dental caries. Chi-square test
was performed for the association between variables. Results: About 67.6% were male, while children of age 7–9 years (64.7%) dominated
the age groups. Lactobacilli spp (15.29%) and Streptococcus mutans (12.94%) were the most predominant microorganisms observed in
the oral cavity among children with dental caries. The S. mutans (x2 = 27.03, P < 0.00001, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.2901–0.5785),
S. aureus (x2 = 34.59, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.3541–0.6292), Enterobacter aerogenes (x2 = 13.5, P = 0.000239, 95% CI = 0.151–0.4622),
Serratia marcescens(x2 = 11.64, P = 0.00645, 95% CI = 0.1275–0.4418) and Klebsiella pneumonia (x2 = 13.51, P = 0.000237, 95% CI = 0.1511–
0.4623) were significantly associated with dental caries. Teeth loss (x2 = 51.04, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.4757–0.7205), teeth pain (x2 = 5.05,
P = 0.0246, 95% CI = 0.0249–0.33499), and infection (x2 = 4.73, P = 0.02964, 95% CI = 0.0186–0.3441) were dental outcomes associated
with tooth decay. Ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and amoxicillin were the most sensitive antibiotics, while vancomycin and chloramphenicol were
the most resistant. Conclusion: Sugar consumption favours the growth of sugar fermenter bacteria that cause dental caries among children.
Dental caries is associated with adverse oral health outcomes among children. Oral health education is recommended for children. Parents are
advised to reduce the consumption of sugary food for their children for oral health safety.