This chapter focuses on the factors behind the intention to switch smartphone brands amongst youn... more This chapter focuses on the factors behind the intention to switch smartphone brands amongst youngsters in Singapore. A focus group discussion was conducted to identify factors that affect the intentions to switch, followed by a survey among students at a private university in Singapore. Findings from the focus group discussions indicated that 'Where I Live' and 'Social Circle' emerged as factors that have not previously been discussed in the current literature. The survey findings demonstrated that 'Intention to Switch' is influenced by 'Where I Live', 'Customer Innate Innovativeness' and 'Satisfaction'. As customers' satisfaction was the most significant factor of brand switching among other variables, four antecedent variables of satisfaction were also identified. These are customer innate innovativeness, residential location, attachment and social circle. The study findings are usefull to provide strategic implementation for marketers so that they are able to increase resistance of brand switching intentions among their young customers.
In this chapter we intend to investigate the relationship between hedonic shopping motivation, sh... more In this chapter we intend to investigate the relationship between hedonic shopping motivation, shopping experience and retail outcome. The study is conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia. Three hundred and thirty shoppers participated in the study. The study found significant relationship between interior and layout and adventure motivation, interior and layout and social motivation, social factor and social motivation and social factor and idea motivation, service quality and interior and layout and social factor, shopping satisfaction and service quality and repatronage intention and shopping satisfaction.
International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, Jan 22, 2020
Although Western perspectives on Dark Tourism have been well researched, limited studies have con... more Although Western perspectives on Dark Tourism have been well researched, limited studies have considered Asian views. This research enhances extant knowledge by considering young South and East Asian perceptions and motivation for Dark Tourism in Southeast Asia. The findings suggest that Dark Tourism could be feasible in Southeast Asia, but only to a certain extent as young tourists are particular about the places they visit based on select motivations. One factor is history, which encourages them to visit sites famous for warfare. This study contributes to literature via enhancing the understanding of Dark Tourism and providing future research directions. It assists local tourism boards and travel agencies in promoting Dark Tourism sites in Southeast Asia.
Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, Dec 16, 2022
Purpose-This paper charts the development of diversity research in hospitality and tourism (H&T) ... more Purpose-This paper charts the development of diversity research in hospitality and tourism (H&T) as a field of study. We are interested in how diversity has been studied, where diversity scholarship has been published, who are the leading diversity scholars, and whether their work has been influential. In addition, we identified the institutions and countries that contribute significantly to diversity scholarship in H&T. Methodology-We draw from the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Australian Business Dean's Council Journal Quality List covering 109 journals to identify the relevant articles on workplace diversity in H&T. We conducted evaluative and relational bibliometric techniques to assess the prominence of diversity scholarship in the field. Findings-Diversity research in H&T did not gain traction until 2005. Using Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal as a benchmark, we found that diversity research in H&T closely tracked the diversity topics in general organization and management literature. However, H&T lagged in race and ethnic, as well as gender identity research. A majority of diversity research is published in leading (top-ranked) journals, signifying the value of diversity scholarship in H&T. Hospitality journals published the most articles, while tourism journals reported the highest impact. Scholars based in the US, China, and the UK contributed the most diversity articles but one researcher, Osman M. Karatepe (Turkey), stood out as the most productive and influential diversity scholar in H&T. Originality-Given an absence of prior review and diversity research has only gained ground in the H&T literature since 2005, this bibliometric study offers a fossil record and documents the trajectory of diversity scholarship in H&T, identifies the scholars who are active in this area of research, and highlights institutions and countries where diversity research is conducted. Implications-The insights from this study aid H&T scholars in identifying trends and opportunities in diversity research, assessing the productivity and impact of various journals and databases, locating collaborative opportunities (through co-citations and highly productive and influential institutions and scholars), and benchmarking their own work.
A very substantial literature in tourism study reveals that the behaviours of tourists can have n... more A very substantial literature in tourism study reveals that the behaviours of tourists can have negative effects on both the host community and the environment (for an extended discussion see Holden & Fennell, 2013; Leslie, 2012; Singh, Timothy, & Dowling, 2003). Nevertheless it is prudent not to see these impacts as uniform or inevitable. Tourists differ in their value systems. Some have a high regard for local cultures and the visited environment and want to protect and conserve these resources (Bramwell & Lane, 2009; Saarinen, 2014). By way of contrast, others are indifferent to their socio-cultural and biophysical settings (Fennell, 2007; Nepal & Lu, 2009). It is apparent, however, that both malicious and unintentional behaviours may have negative impacts on the visited locations (Pearce, 2011, 2013). The interest in this chapter lies in the views of site managers and government stakeholders towards environmental damage at tourist attraction sites. At times, the term vandalism is apposite but needs to be carefully defined to avoid ambiguities and misinterpretations. The first section of the chapter clarifies the meaning of the term vandalism in a tourism context. The main study provides empirical data from a South East Asian context addressing the way stakeholders view and seek to manage environmental impacts at attractions. Both the seriousness of the problem and methods for controlling environmental site damage are considered. Stakeholders at a total of 22 sites in Singapore and Bangkok were sampled as a part of the framework for the research effort. A concluding section of the chapter draws broader and generic conclusions about limiting site damage at such tourist features.
This study explores the influence of store atmosphere on retail outcome. Partial Least Squares (P... more This study explores the influence of store atmosphere on retail outcome. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was conducted on the responses collected from 288 retail shoppers. The study found that there was a partial support for the relationship between the perception of store atmosphere and optimum stimulation level (OSL); the perception of store quality was strongly associated with that of store atmosphere; store patronage satisfaction was strongly affected by the perception of store quality; and there was a relationship between repatronage intention and store patronage satisfaction.
This article sets out to examine how the use of social spaces, namely hawker centres, has contrib... more This article sets out to examine how the use of social spaces, namely hawker centres, has contributed to community wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic. Using an extensive thematic analysis of online conversations, we have identified that the use of social spaces can have a positive influence on individual, relational and social wellbeing. Access to social spaces during stressful events contributes to the feeling of normalcy, supports routines and structured activities, encourages responsible behaviours, facilitates social connectedness, and helps maintain community resilience. We present a new framework for urban social space characterisation containing three dimensions: coaction, copresence, and colocation (the three Cs). Here, coaction is associated with better visibility of community practices, copresence enhances the sense of connectedness, and colocation is concerned with the use of spatial design factors for influencing movement and interactions. The framework is central to our understanding of social space and its impact on wellbeing. Underpinning the three Cs is the notion of the integration of policy, community wellbeing, and various urban agendas. The findings were considered in terms of their relevance for social space development in Singapore.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
2019 International Conference on contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I)
Innovative technologies are rapidly being incorporated into the tourism industry and are becoming... more Innovative technologies are rapidly being incorporated into the tourism industry and are becoming an integral part of the tourism business. Smartphones have become essential navigation tools for tourists and these days tourists are more inclined to accept recommendations from smartphones. This study examines the use of smartphones in enhancing the travel experience of young adults in Singapore. Data compiled using a quantitative method, (i.e. 102 responses from online survey questionnaire) to study the use of smartphone in conjunction with travel experience confirmed that new technologies are constantly being integrated into the tourism industry and the use of the smartphone is enhancing the tourist experience of young adults in Singapore. However, there is also a growing concern among tourists regarding data privacy issues. This study also provides directions for future research in the areas of the influence of smartphones on on-site tourist experiences using the conceptual framework of the Orchestra Model.
New Zealand Association for Cooperative Education, 2021
This article extends existing theoretical perspectives to present a continuum of global citizensh... more This article extends existing theoretical perspectives to present a continuum of global citizenship education that can be applied to explore the practice and outcomes of transformative Work Integrated Learning (WIL) experiences encompassing service-learning. It draws data from three WIL case studies across the disciplines of Business, Social Work and Education to explore how this continuum elucidates understanding of students’ engagement with and reflection on critical and transformative notions of global citizenship. Using critical service-learning theory that positions students as agents of their own transformation, the authors found that global citizenship can be conceptualised as a multifaceted process of becoming underpinned by the development of student agency, rather than a linear destination of ‘knowing’. We provide examples of this agency while also considering the complexities in and for transformative learning for global citizenship. Keywords: Global Citizenship, Transformative Learning, Critical Service-Learning, Student Agenc
Service excellence is an important aspect of the design of hotels. Hotels serve to satisfy their ... more Service excellence is an important aspect of the design of hotels. Hotels serve to satisfy their customers through various design choices, including servicescape and resource flows. Through proper operations design and planning, hotels can not only provide more enjoyable experience to customers, but also enjoy improved revenue flows as a result of making their brand more desirable. This study provides an analysis of one hotel and two resorts in Malaysia, regarding their practices in the areas of servicescape, process management, and guest-flow management, in providing the optimal guest experience. Information was gathered on site, through management talks, as well as from field observations made at these three establishments. In short, this study adds value to the existing concept of service excellence by focusing on resolving the issues in the servicescape, process management, and guest flow management of three examples of leisure establishments in the hospitality industry.
Madhya Pradesh (MP) is a central Indian state positioned as the heart of India. The MP tourism bo... more Madhya Pradesh (MP) is a central Indian state positioned as the heart of India. The MP tourism board undertakes the responsibility of developing tourism in the state with the aim of promoting sustainable form of tourism. One of the key attractions promoted is the wide range of wildlife destinations in conservation areas, which has displaced many local indigenous communities. The main aim of paper is to review the relevant policies concerning the wildlife tourism product in MP to examine the involvement of the indigenous local communities and highlight their plight due to displacement. This paper utilizes a critical interpretive lens in reviewing the policies and the concerned acts. Findings highlight three areas of concern; firstly, there is a lack of clear information on how wild life tourism would be developed, implemented and governed. Secondly, the relevant policies do not mention the involvement of the local indigenous community or their issues and finally the policies does not clearly address the displaced indigenous communities’ issues while subsisting to a sustainable tourism vision. Implications for … are discussed.
Higher education is increasingly focusing on facilitating agentic, outward-looking, globally mind... more Higher education is increasingly focusing on facilitating agentic, outward-looking, globally minded graduates. International mobility experiences are positioned as key to developing these qualities; however, not all students have the inclination, resources, or support to enable them to participate in such experiences. Student surveys reveal that the top barriers to participation—time, finances, work, and family commitments—are outside the influence of educators. In response, educators need to look to opportunities afforded through both local and international experiences. Service learning can enable students to explore democratic action in a local space within a framework that accounts for global perspectives. This chapter draws on findings of six local and international case studies to explore curriculum and pedagogical frameworks that facilitate global perspectives through community-based learning experiences.
The subject at the centre of this case study is LB5218: Business Plan: Application of Strategy. T... more The subject at the centre of this case study is LB5218: Business Plan: Application of Strategy. This is a capstone subject taken in the final year of the Masters of Business Administration (MBA) program. The international design of the subject seeks to equip international students with a work-relevant skill set through a work placement with a local small-medium sized (SME) firm and a non-profit organisation. The subject brings together the theoretical materials covered in the course (including theories of ethical and social responsibility in professional practice and aligns them with the university's strategic intent to develop graduates who make a difference in the local context) and introduces community-based learning experiences through collaboration with a Singaporean SME firm and a non-profit organisation. Students are encouraged to become work-ready, contribute to community and be aware of intercultural competencies and differences.
Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2020, Volume 1, 2020
The paper is part of a multi-country analysis and uses two countries in an initial study and a be... more The paper is part of a multi-country analysis and uses two countries in an initial study and a benchmark to identify how culture can improve learning outcomes with redesigning technological tools for Southeast Asian secondary schools. This paper presents two studies: The first study focuses on assessing the impact of cultural attributes in digital tools used in classroom learning among teachers and students in Malaysian and Indonesian secondary schools with 168 teachers and 491 students. The results reveal low use of technology and digital tools in classroom activities by teachers, and both the Malaysian and Indonesian data show similar results of low usage technology tools (never to monthly). This finding contradicts the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) 2012 statistics, according to which Malaysia is at 91% in terms of information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure in schools with Internet access. The second study was designed to test a culturally themed prototype with 84 students in Jakarta, Indonesia, which resulted in improved learning outcomes among students who participated in an experiment using a ‘festive cultural theme’ activity based on a mobile game. The study suggests, Southeast Asian schools to use technology with cultural theme to stimulate classroom activities.
This chapter focuses on the factors behind the intention to switch smartphone brands amongst youn... more This chapter focuses on the factors behind the intention to switch smartphone brands amongst youngsters in Singapore. A focus group discussion was conducted to identify factors that affect the intentions to switch, followed by a survey among students at a private university in Singapore. Findings from the focus group discussions indicated that 'Where I Live' and 'Social Circle' emerged as factors that have not previously been discussed in the current literature. The survey findings demonstrated that 'Intention to Switch' is influenced by 'Where I Live', 'Customer Innate Innovativeness' and 'Satisfaction'. As customers' satisfaction was the most significant factor of brand switching among other variables, four antecedent variables of satisfaction were also identified. These are customer innate innovativeness, residential location, attachment and social circle. The study findings are usefull to provide strategic implementation for marketers so that they are able to increase resistance of brand switching intentions among their young customers.
In this chapter we intend to investigate the relationship between hedonic shopping motivation, sh... more In this chapter we intend to investigate the relationship between hedonic shopping motivation, shopping experience and retail outcome. The study is conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia. Three hundred and thirty shoppers participated in the study. The study found significant relationship between interior and layout and adventure motivation, interior and layout and social motivation, social factor and social motivation and social factor and idea motivation, service quality and interior and layout and social factor, shopping satisfaction and service quality and repatronage intention and shopping satisfaction.
International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, Jan 22, 2020
Although Western perspectives on Dark Tourism have been well researched, limited studies have con... more Although Western perspectives on Dark Tourism have been well researched, limited studies have considered Asian views. This research enhances extant knowledge by considering young South and East Asian perceptions and motivation for Dark Tourism in Southeast Asia. The findings suggest that Dark Tourism could be feasible in Southeast Asia, but only to a certain extent as young tourists are particular about the places they visit based on select motivations. One factor is history, which encourages them to visit sites famous for warfare. This study contributes to literature via enhancing the understanding of Dark Tourism and providing future research directions. It assists local tourism boards and travel agencies in promoting Dark Tourism sites in Southeast Asia.
Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, Dec 16, 2022
Purpose-This paper charts the development of diversity research in hospitality and tourism (H&T) ... more Purpose-This paper charts the development of diversity research in hospitality and tourism (H&T) as a field of study. We are interested in how diversity has been studied, where diversity scholarship has been published, who are the leading diversity scholars, and whether their work has been influential. In addition, we identified the institutions and countries that contribute significantly to diversity scholarship in H&T. Methodology-We draw from the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Australian Business Dean's Council Journal Quality List covering 109 journals to identify the relevant articles on workplace diversity in H&T. We conducted evaluative and relational bibliometric techniques to assess the prominence of diversity scholarship in the field. Findings-Diversity research in H&T did not gain traction until 2005. Using Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal as a benchmark, we found that diversity research in H&T closely tracked the diversity topics in general organization and management literature. However, H&T lagged in race and ethnic, as well as gender identity research. A majority of diversity research is published in leading (top-ranked) journals, signifying the value of diversity scholarship in H&T. Hospitality journals published the most articles, while tourism journals reported the highest impact. Scholars based in the US, China, and the UK contributed the most diversity articles but one researcher, Osman M. Karatepe (Turkey), stood out as the most productive and influential diversity scholar in H&T. Originality-Given an absence of prior review and diversity research has only gained ground in the H&T literature since 2005, this bibliometric study offers a fossil record and documents the trajectory of diversity scholarship in H&T, identifies the scholars who are active in this area of research, and highlights institutions and countries where diversity research is conducted. Implications-The insights from this study aid H&T scholars in identifying trends and opportunities in diversity research, assessing the productivity and impact of various journals and databases, locating collaborative opportunities (through co-citations and highly productive and influential institutions and scholars), and benchmarking their own work.
A very substantial literature in tourism study reveals that the behaviours of tourists can have n... more A very substantial literature in tourism study reveals that the behaviours of tourists can have negative effects on both the host community and the environment (for an extended discussion see Holden & Fennell, 2013; Leslie, 2012; Singh, Timothy, & Dowling, 2003). Nevertheless it is prudent not to see these impacts as uniform or inevitable. Tourists differ in their value systems. Some have a high regard for local cultures and the visited environment and want to protect and conserve these resources (Bramwell & Lane, 2009; Saarinen, 2014). By way of contrast, others are indifferent to their socio-cultural and biophysical settings (Fennell, 2007; Nepal & Lu, 2009). It is apparent, however, that both malicious and unintentional behaviours may have negative impacts on the visited locations (Pearce, 2011, 2013). The interest in this chapter lies in the views of site managers and government stakeholders towards environmental damage at tourist attraction sites. At times, the term vandalism is apposite but needs to be carefully defined to avoid ambiguities and misinterpretations. The first section of the chapter clarifies the meaning of the term vandalism in a tourism context. The main study provides empirical data from a South East Asian context addressing the way stakeholders view and seek to manage environmental impacts at attractions. Both the seriousness of the problem and methods for controlling environmental site damage are considered. Stakeholders at a total of 22 sites in Singapore and Bangkok were sampled as a part of the framework for the research effort. A concluding section of the chapter draws broader and generic conclusions about limiting site damage at such tourist features.
This study explores the influence of store atmosphere on retail outcome. Partial Least Squares (P... more This study explores the influence of store atmosphere on retail outcome. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was conducted on the responses collected from 288 retail shoppers. The study found that there was a partial support for the relationship between the perception of store atmosphere and optimum stimulation level (OSL); the perception of store quality was strongly associated with that of store atmosphere; store patronage satisfaction was strongly affected by the perception of store quality; and there was a relationship between repatronage intention and store patronage satisfaction.
This article sets out to examine how the use of social spaces, namely hawker centres, has contrib... more This article sets out to examine how the use of social spaces, namely hawker centres, has contributed to community wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic. Using an extensive thematic analysis of online conversations, we have identified that the use of social spaces can have a positive influence on individual, relational and social wellbeing. Access to social spaces during stressful events contributes to the feeling of normalcy, supports routines and structured activities, encourages responsible behaviours, facilitates social connectedness, and helps maintain community resilience. We present a new framework for urban social space characterisation containing three dimensions: coaction, copresence, and colocation (the three Cs). Here, coaction is associated with better visibility of community practices, copresence enhances the sense of connectedness, and colocation is concerned with the use of spatial design factors for influencing movement and interactions. The framework is central to our understanding of social space and its impact on wellbeing. Underpinning the three Cs is the notion of the integration of policy, community wellbeing, and various urban agendas. The findings were considered in terms of their relevance for social space development in Singapore.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
2019 International Conference on contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I)
Innovative technologies are rapidly being incorporated into the tourism industry and are becoming... more Innovative technologies are rapidly being incorporated into the tourism industry and are becoming an integral part of the tourism business. Smartphones have become essential navigation tools for tourists and these days tourists are more inclined to accept recommendations from smartphones. This study examines the use of smartphones in enhancing the travel experience of young adults in Singapore. Data compiled using a quantitative method, (i.e. 102 responses from online survey questionnaire) to study the use of smartphone in conjunction with travel experience confirmed that new technologies are constantly being integrated into the tourism industry and the use of the smartphone is enhancing the tourist experience of young adults in Singapore. However, there is also a growing concern among tourists regarding data privacy issues. This study also provides directions for future research in the areas of the influence of smartphones on on-site tourist experiences using the conceptual framework of the Orchestra Model.
New Zealand Association for Cooperative Education, 2021
This article extends existing theoretical perspectives to present a continuum of global citizensh... more This article extends existing theoretical perspectives to present a continuum of global citizenship education that can be applied to explore the practice and outcomes of transformative Work Integrated Learning (WIL) experiences encompassing service-learning. It draws data from three WIL case studies across the disciplines of Business, Social Work and Education to explore how this continuum elucidates understanding of students’ engagement with and reflection on critical and transformative notions of global citizenship. Using critical service-learning theory that positions students as agents of their own transformation, the authors found that global citizenship can be conceptualised as a multifaceted process of becoming underpinned by the development of student agency, rather than a linear destination of ‘knowing’. We provide examples of this agency while also considering the complexities in and for transformative learning for global citizenship. Keywords: Global Citizenship, Transformative Learning, Critical Service-Learning, Student Agenc
Service excellence is an important aspect of the design of hotels. Hotels serve to satisfy their ... more Service excellence is an important aspect of the design of hotels. Hotels serve to satisfy their customers through various design choices, including servicescape and resource flows. Through proper operations design and planning, hotels can not only provide more enjoyable experience to customers, but also enjoy improved revenue flows as a result of making their brand more desirable. This study provides an analysis of one hotel and two resorts in Malaysia, regarding their practices in the areas of servicescape, process management, and guest-flow management, in providing the optimal guest experience. Information was gathered on site, through management talks, as well as from field observations made at these three establishments. In short, this study adds value to the existing concept of service excellence by focusing on resolving the issues in the servicescape, process management, and guest flow management of three examples of leisure establishments in the hospitality industry.
Madhya Pradesh (MP) is a central Indian state positioned as the heart of India. The MP tourism bo... more Madhya Pradesh (MP) is a central Indian state positioned as the heart of India. The MP tourism board undertakes the responsibility of developing tourism in the state with the aim of promoting sustainable form of tourism. One of the key attractions promoted is the wide range of wildlife destinations in conservation areas, which has displaced many local indigenous communities. The main aim of paper is to review the relevant policies concerning the wildlife tourism product in MP to examine the involvement of the indigenous local communities and highlight their plight due to displacement. This paper utilizes a critical interpretive lens in reviewing the policies and the concerned acts. Findings highlight three areas of concern; firstly, there is a lack of clear information on how wild life tourism would be developed, implemented and governed. Secondly, the relevant policies do not mention the involvement of the local indigenous community or their issues and finally the policies does not clearly address the displaced indigenous communities’ issues while subsisting to a sustainable tourism vision. Implications for … are discussed.
Higher education is increasingly focusing on facilitating agentic, outward-looking, globally mind... more Higher education is increasingly focusing on facilitating agentic, outward-looking, globally minded graduates. International mobility experiences are positioned as key to developing these qualities; however, not all students have the inclination, resources, or support to enable them to participate in such experiences. Student surveys reveal that the top barriers to participation—time, finances, work, and family commitments—are outside the influence of educators. In response, educators need to look to opportunities afforded through both local and international experiences. Service learning can enable students to explore democratic action in a local space within a framework that accounts for global perspectives. This chapter draws on findings of six local and international case studies to explore curriculum and pedagogical frameworks that facilitate global perspectives through community-based learning experiences.
The subject at the centre of this case study is LB5218: Business Plan: Application of Strategy. T... more The subject at the centre of this case study is LB5218: Business Plan: Application of Strategy. This is a capstone subject taken in the final year of the Masters of Business Administration (MBA) program. The international design of the subject seeks to equip international students with a work-relevant skill set through a work placement with a local small-medium sized (SME) firm and a non-profit organisation. The subject brings together the theoretical materials covered in the course (including theories of ethical and social responsibility in professional practice and aligns them with the university's strategic intent to develop graduates who make a difference in the local context) and introduces community-based learning experiences through collaboration with a Singaporean SME firm and a non-profit organisation. Students are encouraged to become work-ready, contribute to community and be aware of intercultural competencies and differences.
Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2020, Volume 1, 2020
The paper is part of a multi-country analysis and uses two countries in an initial study and a be... more The paper is part of a multi-country analysis and uses two countries in an initial study and a benchmark to identify how culture can improve learning outcomes with redesigning technological tools for Southeast Asian secondary schools. This paper presents two studies: The first study focuses on assessing the impact of cultural attributes in digital tools used in classroom learning among teachers and students in Malaysian and Indonesian secondary schools with 168 teachers and 491 students. The results reveal low use of technology and digital tools in classroom activities by teachers, and both the Malaysian and Indonesian data show similar results of low usage technology tools (never to monthly). This finding contradicts the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) 2012 statistics, according to which Malaysia is at 91% in terms of information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure in schools with Internet access. The second study was designed to test a culturally themed prototype with 84 students in Jakarta, Indonesia, which resulted in improved learning outcomes among students who participated in an experiment using a ‘festive cultural theme’ activity based on a mobile game. The study suggests, Southeast Asian schools to use technology with cultural theme to stimulate classroom activities.
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Papers by Abhishek Bhati