The present study deals with ichthyofaunal diversity of Hiran-II reservoir, Gujarat. Sampling was... more The present study deals with ichthyofaunal diversity of Hiran-II reservoir, Gujarat. Sampling was carried out on monthly basis from January 2019 to February 2020. Total 23 species from 6 orders, 10 families and 19 genera were recorded during the present study. The range of water parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen alkalinity and hardness were recorded and found suitable for fish production. Dominant family Cyprinidae with 12 species and 08 genera followed by Bagridae with 03 species 02 genera and other all families Claridea, Heteropneustidae, Cichilidae, Channidae, Gobiidae, Belonidae, Mastacembelidae, Poecilidae and Anguilidae contributed single species with single genera. Regarding conservation status out of 23 fish species 21 species least concern and 2 species near threaten. During month of December (post monsoon) highest fish diversity was found. Seasonal diversity indices such as Shannon-Wiener species diversity, Pielou's evenness, Margalef's species r...
The objective of this work was to obtain probiotic bacterial strains with immunostimulatory quali... more The objective of this work was to obtain probiotic bacterial strains with immunostimulatory qualities for shrimp. A total of 80 strains were isolated from the hepatopancreas of healthy wild shrimp (30 F 5 g) collected in Manglaralto-Ecuador. The probiotic effect in vitro was evaluated using the agar diffusion technique. Three strains identified as Vibrio P62, Vibrio P63 and Bacillus P64, showed inhibitory effects against Vibrio harveyi (S2). The colonization percentage in shrimp hepatopancreas was analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles with three primers. The strains P62, P63, and P64 achieved colonization percentages of 83%, 60% and 58%, respectively. The competitive interaction with V. harveyi (S2) was evaluated in shrimp using RAPDs and monoclonal antibodies. The inhibition percentage against S2 reached by strains P62, P63 and P64 was 54%, 19% and 34%, respectively. Histopathology was carried out after the colonization and interaction experiments, and confirmed that the probiotic strains had no pathogenic effects on the host. The immunostimulatory effect of P62 and P64 was evaluated in vivo using several immunity tests. Vibrio alginolyticus (Ili) was used as positive control. Shrimp that did not receive any probiotics served as the negative control group. The global immunity index was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the shrimps stimulated with P64 and V. alginolyticus. For the animals stimulated with P62, the immunity index was similar to the control. Mean shrimp weights for three probiotic groups were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) than the control. In conclusion the isolated strain Bacillus P64 showed both probiotic and immunostimulatory features, while Vibrio P62 only showed good probiotic properties. D
With increasing demand for environment friendly aquaculture, the use of probiotics in aquaculture... more With increasing demand for environment friendly aquaculture, the use of probiotics in aquaculture is now widely accepted. However, there is clearly a need in increasing our knowledge of intestinal microbiology and of effective preparation and safety evaluation of probiotics. This review provides a summary of the status and challenges of probiotic application in aquaculture. Our review is from the perspective of digestive tract, thereby taking into account the experiences in introducing the preparation, use and safety evaluation of probiotics in aquaculture. A better understanding of rationale, preparation and safety of probiotics in aquaculture may be of interest for commercial aquaculture.
FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, Jan 1, 2006
Shrimp aquaculture, as well as other industries, constantly requires new techniques in order to i... more Shrimp aquaculture, as well as other industries, constantly requires new techniques in order to increase production yield. Modern technologies and other sciences such as biotechnology and microbiology are important tools that could lead to a higher quality and greater quantity of products. Feeding and new practices in farming usually play an important role in aquaculture, and the addition of various additives to a balanced feed formula to achieve better growth is a common practice of many fish and shrimp feed manufacturers and farmers. Probiotics, as 'biofriendly agents' such as lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp., can be introduced into the culture environment to control and compete with pathogenic bacteria as well as to promote the growth of the cultured organisms. In addition, probiotics are nonpathogenic and nontoxic microorganisms without undesirable side-effects when administered to aquatic organisms. These strains of bacteria have many other positive effects, which are described in this article.
Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium …, Jan 1, 1999
Shrimp aquaculture production in much of the world is depressed by disease, particularly caused b... more Shrimp aquaculture production in much of the world is depressed by disease, particularly caused by luminous Vibrio and/or viruses. Antibiotics, which have been used in large quantities, are in many cases ineffective, or result in increases in virulence of pathogens and, furthermore, are cause for concern in promoting transfer of antibiotic resistance to human pathogens. Probiotic technology provides a solution to these problems. The microbial species composition in hatchery tanks or large aquaculture ponds can be changed by adding selected bacterial species to displace deleterious normal bacteria. Virulence of luminous Vibrio species can be controlled in this manner. Abundance of luminous Vibrio strains decreased in ponds and tanks where specially selected, probiotic strains of Bacillus species were added. A farm on Negros, in the Philippines, which had been devastated by luminous Vibrio disease while using heavy doses of antibiotics in feed, achieved survival of 80-100% of shrimp in all ponds treated with probiotics.
Probiotics, which are micro-organisms or their products with health benefit to the host, have fou... more Probiotics, which are micro-organisms or their products with health benefit to the host, have found use in aquaculture as a means of disease control, supplementing or even in some cases replacing the use of antimicrobial compounds. A wide range of microalgae (Tetraselmis), yeasts (Debaryomyces, Phaffia and Saccharomyces) and Gram-positive (Bacillus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus and Weissella) and Gram-negative bacteria (Aeromonas, Alteromonas, Photorhodobacterium, Pseudomonas and Vibrio) has been evaluated. However, the mode of action of the probiotics is rarely investigated, but possibilities include competitive exclusion, i.e. the probiotics actively inhibit the colonization of potential pathogens in the digestive tract by antibiosis or by competition for nutrients and/or space, alteration of microbial metabolism, and/or by the stimulation of host immunity. Probiotics may stimulate appetite and improve nutrition by the production of vitamins, detoxification of compounds in the diet, and by the breakdown of indigestible components. There is accumulating evidence that probiotics are effective at inhibiting a wide range of fish pathogens, but the reasons for the inhibitions are often unstated.
The research of probiotics for aquatic animals is increasing with the demand for environmentfrien... more The research of probiotics for aquatic animals is increasing with the demand for environmentfriendly aquaculture. The probiotics were defined as live microbial feed supplements that improve health of man and terrestrial livestock. The gastrointestinal microbiota of fish and shellfish are peculiarly dependent on the external environment, due to the water flow passing through the digestive tract. Most bacterial cells are transient in the gut, with continuous intrusion of microbes coming from water and food. Some commercial products are referred to as probiotics, though they were designed to treat the rearing medium, not to supplement the diet. This extension of the probiotic concept is pertinent when the administered microbes survive in the gastrointestinal tract. Otherwise, more general terms are suggested, like biocontrol when the treatment is antagonistic to pathogens, or bioremediation when water quality is improved. However, the first probiotics tested in fish were commercial preparations devised for land animals. Though some effects were observed with such preparations, the survival of these bacteria was uncertain in aquatic environment. Most attempts to propose probiotics have been undertaken by isolating and selecting strains from aquatic environment. These microbes were Vibrionaceae, pseudomonads, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus spp. and yeasts. Three main characteristics have been searched in microbes as candidates Ž . to improve the health of their host. 1 The antagonism to pathogens was shown in vitro in most Ž . Ž . cases. 2 The colonization potential of some candidate probionts was also studied. 3 Challenge tests confirmed that some strains could increase the resistance to disease of their host. Many other beneficial effects may be expected from probiotics, e.g., competition with pathogens for nutrients or for adhesion sites, and stimulation of the immune system. The most promising prospects are sketched out, but considerable efforts of research will be necessary to develop the applications to aquaculture. q
Based on the actuality of sediment in seawater pool, an experiment on bioremediation of polluted ... more Based on the actuality of sediment in seawater pool, an experiment on bioremediation of polluted sediment was made by several ecology methods such as adding microbe compound (two genus, Hongbao made in Shanghai, LLMO made in America), nutritious ...
The cell wall hydrophobicity of Bacillus sp. YB-030518 and YB-034325 isolated from carp (Cyprinus... more The cell wall hydrophobicity of Bacillus sp. YB-030518 and YB-034325 isolated from carp (Cyprinus carpio) ponds and its changes under different culture conditions were studied on the basis of the amount of bacteria in a hydrocarbon/water two-phase system. We investigated the effect of cell wall hydrophobicity on the role of these bacteria as probiotics in bioremediation based on shrimp feed. Culture conditions such as growth phase, pH and temperature influence the hydrophobic properties of the Bacillus sp. cell surface. In the exponential growth phase (18 h), the hydrophobicity of both YB-030518 and YB-034325 was significantly higher (P b 0.05) than that at 96 h. The hydrophobicity of YB-034325 was significantly higher (P b 0.05) than that of YB-030518 (5°C at pH 5.5 and pH 8.5; 20°C at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0). However, for any single probiotic, there was no statistical difference (P N 0.05) in cell wall hydrophobicity at different pH values (5.5, 7.0 and 8.5) or at different temperatures (5°C and 20°C). The relative growth rate of YB-034325 with a high level of hydrophobicity was significantly higher (P b 0.05) than that of YB-030518. The bioremediation capability at 48 h and 96 h was significantly higher in YB-034325 (P b 0.05) compared to YB-030518 and the Control. Moreover, the mean bioremediation capability of treatment with probiotics Bacillus sp. YB-030518 and YB-034325 was significantly higher (P b 0.05) than that of the Control.
... Immunostimulants, Adjuvants, Vaccine carriers, Fish, Aquaculture, Disease, Immunization INTRO... more ... Immunostimulants, Adjuvants, Vaccine carriers, Fish, Aquaculture, Disease, Immunization INTRODUCTION Use of immunostimulants, adjuvants, and vaccine carriers is a unique approach for fish culturists as they undertake methods of controlling disease losses in their facilities ...
The production of fish larvae is often hampered by high mortality rates, and it is believed that ... more The production of fish larvae is often hampered by high mortality rates, and it is believed that most of this economic loss due to infectious diseases is ca. 10% in Western European aquaculture sector. The development of strategies to control the pathogen load and immuno-prophylactic measures must be addressed further to realise the economic ''potential'' production of marine fish larvae and thus improve the overall production of adult fish.
The present study deals with ichthyofaunal diversity of Hiran-II reservoir, Gujarat. Sampling was... more The present study deals with ichthyofaunal diversity of Hiran-II reservoir, Gujarat. Sampling was carried out on monthly basis from January 2019 to February 2020. Total 23 species from 6 orders, 10 families and 19 genera were recorded during the present study. The range of water parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen alkalinity and hardness were recorded and found suitable for fish production. Dominant family Cyprinidae with 12 species and 08 genera followed by Bagridae with 03 species 02 genera and other all families Claridea, Heteropneustidae, Cichilidae, Channidae, Gobiidae, Belonidae, Mastacembelidae, Poecilidae and Anguilidae contributed single species with single genera. Regarding conservation status out of 23 fish species 21 species least concern and 2 species near threaten. During month of December (post monsoon) highest fish diversity was found. Seasonal diversity indices such as Shannon-Wiener species diversity, Pielou's evenness, Margalef's species r...
The objective of this work was to obtain probiotic bacterial strains with immunostimulatory quali... more The objective of this work was to obtain probiotic bacterial strains with immunostimulatory qualities for shrimp. A total of 80 strains were isolated from the hepatopancreas of healthy wild shrimp (30 F 5 g) collected in Manglaralto-Ecuador. The probiotic effect in vitro was evaluated using the agar diffusion technique. Three strains identified as Vibrio P62, Vibrio P63 and Bacillus P64, showed inhibitory effects against Vibrio harveyi (S2). The colonization percentage in shrimp hepatopancreas was analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles with three primers. The strains P62, P63, and P64 achieved colonization percentages of 83%, 60% and 58%, respectively. The competitive interaction with V. harveyi (S2) was evaluated in shrimp using RAPDs and monoclonal antibodies. The inhibition percentage against S2 reached by strains P62, P63 and P64 was 54%, 19% and 34%, respectively. Histopathology was carried out after the colonization and interaction experiments, and confirmed that the probiotic strains had no pathogenic effects on the host. The immunostimulatory effect of P62 and P64 was evaluated in vivo using several immunity tests. Vibrio alginolyticus (Ili) was used as positive control. Shrimp that did not receive any probiotics served as the negative control group. The global immunity index was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the shrimps stimulated with P64 and V. alginolyticus. For the animals stimulated with P62, the immunity index was similar to the control. Mean shrimp weights for three probiotic groups were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) than the control. In conclusion the isolated strain Bacillus P64 showed both probiotic and immunostimulatory features, while Vibrio P62 only showed good probiotic properties. D
With increasing demand for environment friendly aquaculture, the use of probiotics in aquaculture... more With increasing demand for environment friendly aquaculture, the use of probiotics in aquaculture is now widely accepted. However, there is clearly a need in increasing our knowledge of intestinal microbiology and of effective preparation and safety evaluation of probiotics. This review provides a summary of the status and challenges of probiotic application in aquaculture. Our review is from the perspective of digestive tract, thereby taking into account the experiences in introducing the preparation, use and safety evaluation of probiotics in aquaculture. A better understanding of rationale, preparation and safety of probiotics in aquaculture may be of interest for commercial aquaculture.
FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, Jan 1, 2006
Shrimp aquaculture, as well as other industries, constantly requires new techniques in order to i... more Shrimp aquaculture, as well as other industries, constantly requires new techniques in order to increase production yield. Modern technologies and other sciences such as biotechnology and microbiology are important tools that could lead to a higher quality and greater quantity of products. Feeding and new practices in farming usually play an important role in aquaculture, and the addition of various additives to a balanced feed formula to achieve better growth is a common practice of many fish and shrimp feed manufacturers and farmers. Probiotics, as 'biofriendly agents' such as lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp., can be introduced into the culture environment to control and compete with pathogenic bacteria as well as to promote the growth of the cultured organisms. In addition, probiotics are nonpathogenic and nontoxic microorganisms without undesirable side-effects when administered to aquatic organisms. These strains of bacteria have many other positive effects, which are described in this article.
Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium …, Jan 1, 1999
Shrimp aquaculture production in much of the world is depressed by disease, particularly caused b... more Shrimp aquaculture production in much of the world is depressed by disease, particularly caused by luminous Vibrio and/or viruses. Antibiotics, which have been used in large quantities, are in many cases ineffective, or result in increases in virulence of pathogens and, furthermore, are cause for concern in promoting transfer of antibiotic resistance to human pathogens. Probiotic technology provides a solution to these problems. The microbial species composition in hatchery tanks or large aquaculture ponds can be changed by adding selected bacterial species to displace deleterious normal bacteria. Virulence of luminous Vibrio species can be controlled in this manner. Abundance of luminous Vibrio strains decreased in ponds and tanks where specially selected, probiotic strains of Bacillus species were added. A farm on Negros, in the Philippines, which had been devastated by luminous Vibrio disease while using heavy doses of antibiotics in feed, achieved survival of 80-100% of shrimp in all ponds treated with probiotics.
Probiotics, which are micro-organisms or their products with health benefit to the host, have fou... more Probiotics, which are micro-organisms or their products with health benefit to the host, have found use in aquaculture as a means of disease control, supplementing or even in some cases replacing the use of antimicrobial compounds. A wide range of microalgae (Tetraselmis), yeasts (Debaryomyces, Phaffia and Saccharomyces) and Gram-positive (Bacillus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus and Weissella) and Gram-negative bacteria (Aeromonas, Alteromonas, Photorhodobacterium, Pseudomonas and Vibrio) has been evaluated. However, the mode of action of the probiotics is rarely investigated, but possibilities include competitive exclusion, i.e. the probiotics actively inhibit the colonization of potential pathogens in the digestive tract by antibiosis or by competition for nutrients and/or space, alteration of microbial metabolism, and/or by the stimulation of host immunity. Probiotics may stimulate appetite and improve nutrition by the production of vitamins, detoxification of compounds in the diet, and by the breakdown of indigestible components. There is accumulating evidence that probiotics are effective at inhibiting a wide range of fish pathogens, but the reasons for the inhibitions are often unstated.
The research of probiotics for aquatic animals is increasing with the demand for environmentfrien... more The research of probiotics for aquatic animals is increasing with the demand for environmentfriendly aquaculture. The probiotics were defined as live microbial feed supplements that improve health of man and terrestrial livestock. The gastrointestinal microbiota of fish and shellfish are peculiarly dependent on the external environment, due to the water flow passing through the digestive tract. Most bacterial cells are transient in the gut, with continuous intrusion of microbes coming from water and food. Some commercial products are referred to as probiotics, though they were designed to treat the rearing medium, not to supplement the diet. This extension of the probiotic concept is pertinent when the administered microbes survive in the gastrointestinal tract. Otherwise, more general terms are suggested, like biocontrol when the treatment is antagonistic to pathogens, or bioremediation when water quality is improved. However, the first probiotics tested in fish were commercial preparations devised for land animals. Though some effects were observed with such preparations, the survival of these bacteria was uncertain in aquatic environment. Most attempts to propose probiotics have been undertaken by isolating and selecting strains from aquatic environment. These microbes were Vibrionaceae, pseudomonads, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus spp. and yeasts. Three main characteristics have been searched in microbes as candidates Ž . to improve the health of their host. 1 The antagonism to pathogens was shown in vitro in most Ž . Ž . cases. 2 The colonization potential of some candidate probionts was also studied. 3 Challenge tests confirmed that some strains could increase the resistance to disease of their host. Many other beneficial effects may be expected from probiotics, e.g., competition with pathogens for nutrients or for adhesion sites, and stimulation of the immune system. The most promising prospects are sketched out, but considerable efforts of research will be necessary to develop the applications to aquaculture. q
Based on the actuality of sediment in seawater pool, an experiment on bioremediation of polluted ... more Based on the actuality of sediment in seawater pool, an experiment on bioremediation of polluted sediment was made by several ecology methods such as adding microbe compound (two genus, Hongbao made in Shanghai, LLMO made in America), nutritious ...
The cell wall hydrophobicity of Bacillus sp. YB-030518 and YB-034325 isolated from carp (Cyprinus... more The cell wall hydrophobicity of Bacillus sp. YB-030518 and YB-034325 isolated from carp (Cyprinus carpio) ponds and its changes under different culture conditions were studied on the basis of the amount of bacteria in a hydrocarbon/water two-phase system. We investigated the effect of cell wall hydrophobicity on the role of these bacteria as probiotics in bioremediation based on shrimp feed. Culture conditions such as growth phase, pH and temperature influence the hydrophobic properties of the Bacillus sp. cell surface. In the exponential growth phase (18 h), the hydrophobicity of both YB-030518 and YB-034325 was significantly higher (P b 0.05) than that at 96 h. The hydrophobicity of YB-034325 was significantly higher (P b 0.05) than that of YB-030518 (5°C at pH 5.5 and pH 8.5; 20°C at pH 5.5 and pH 7.0). However, for any single probiotic, there was no statistical difference (P N 0.05) in cell wall hydrophobicity at different pH values (5.5, 7.0 and 8.5) or at different temperatures (5°C and 20°C). The relative growth rate of YB-034325 with a high level of hydrophobicity was significantly higher (P b 0.05) than that of YB-030518. The bioremediation capability at 48 h and 96 h was significantly higher in YB-034325 (P b 0.05) compared to YB-030518 and the Control. Moreover, the mean bioremediation capability of treatment with probiotics Bacillus sp. YB-030518 and YB-034325 was significantly higher (P b 0.05) than that of the Control.
... Immunostimulants, Adjuvants, Vaccine carriers, Fish, Aquaculture, Disease, Immunization INTRO... more ... Immunostimulants, Adjuvants, Vaccine carriers, Fish, Aquaculture, Disease, Immunization INTRODUCTION Use of immunostimulants, adjuvants, and vaccine carriers is a unique approach for fish culturists as they undertake methods of controlling disease losses in their facilities ...
The production of fish larvae is often hampered by high mortality rates, and it is believed that ... more The production of fish larvae is often hampered by high mortality rates, and it is believed that most of this economic loss due to infectious diseases is ca. 10% in Western European aquaculture sector. The development of strategies to control the pathogen load and immuno-prophylactic measures must be addressed further to realise the economic ''potential'' production of marine fish larvae and thus improve the overall production of adult fish.
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