Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal, 2020
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of pretreatment of bioenhancers like ... more The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of pretreatment of bioenhancers like piperine and quercetin on safety profile of marbofloxacin after repeated oral administration in broiler chickens. Hemato-biochemical and histopathological alterations after repeated dose oral administration of marbofloxacin (5 mg/kg, PO, 5 days) in normal, piperine, quercetin and both in combination (10 mg/kg, each, PO, for 3 days) pretreated broiler chickens were investigated. After repeated oral administration of marbofloxacin, mean hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and total leukocyte count in quercetin pretreated broiler chickens were 9.52 ± 0.33 g/dl, 28.33 ± 1.00 %, 2.12 ± 0.05 x 10 6 /l and 20.38 ± 0.29 x 10 3 /l, respectively which significantly (p<0.05) lower as compared respective values of 12.48 ± 0.47 g/dl, 35.72 ± 1.39 %, 2.80 ± 0.13 x 10 6 /l and 22.81 ± 0.27 x 10 3 /l of control group. However, these alterations were in the normal clinical range of broiler chickens. The differential leukocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were not significantly different as compared to control group. Biochemical parameters, viz., alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and total bilirubin were also not significantly different from control group. No major histomorphological changes were observed in liver, intestine and kidney of broiler chickens. The present dosage regimen of piperine, quercetin and marbofloxacin was found to be safe and might be helpful to explore therapeutic efficacy of herbal drugs with antibiotics in broiler chickens.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Jan 10, 2019
Cadmium (Cd) is listed in top hazardous substances which are used in nickel-cadmium batteries, pi... more Cadmium (Cd) is listed in top hazardous substances which are used in nickel-cadmium batteries, pigments and plastic stabilizers. Major occupational exposures to Cd occur in nonferrous metal smelters, production and processing of Cd alloys and compounds (WHO, 1992; Fay and Mumtaz, 1996). Cigarette smoke is also the source of Cd exposure to humans (Zalups and Ahmad, 2003). It is well known that long-term exposure to Cd causes various toxic effects in various organs such as heart, kidneys, liver, brain, lung, bones, haemopoietic organs, endocrine and reproductive organs (Fowler,
The Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology, Jun 30, 2016
The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of Opuntia elatior fruit juic... more The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of Opuntia elatior fruit juice (3 ml/kg body weight) and aqua-alcoholic extract of Withania somnifera (100 mg/kg body weight) alone and in combination of both against lead acetate (500 ppm in feed for 21 days) induced toxicity in broiler chickens (n=8 each) keeping one group each of lead induced toxicity and healthy control. Clinical symptoms of toxicity were observed in birds received only lead acetate. Haematological parameters, Hb and MCHC in birds treated with lead acetate were found significantly (P 0.05) alterations in PCV, TEC, TLC and MCV levels of birds of all treatment groups were observed compared to that of control birds. Mean values of ALT, BUN, creatinine and total bilirubin were significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds treated with lead acetate as compared to control group, whereas mean values of AST, total protein, albumin, globulin, ACP, ALP and LDH did not differ significantly between groups. It was concluded that daily administration of Opuntia elatior or Withania somnifera at above dose rate may be useful for protection of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in broilers chickens.
The present study was carried out to evaluate and find the extracts having potential in vitro ant... more The present study was carried out to evaluate and find the extracts having potential in vitro antioxidant property of leaves of Abrus precatorius L. (Family: Fabaceae). The free radical's scavenging effect was determined by in vitro antioxidant assays, using 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) method. The extract was obtained by maceration process using three solvents, namely; water, methanol and chloroform. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, ta nnin and several polyphenols. The different concentrations of extracts (g/ml) were prepared and used to evaluate antioxidant activity as a percentage inhibition. The results showed that percentage inhibition of DPPH by methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts were 75.16, 72.09 and 62.22% at 300 g/ml, respectively. Methanolic extract of A. preca torius showed good inhibition as compa red to ascorbic acid (p<0.05) due to high phenolic content in the leaf extract. It was concluded that methanolic extract of leaves of A. precatorius plant exhibited potent in vitro free radical scavenging activity.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the ameliorating potential of the flavonoid-rich fr... more The present study was carried out to evaluate the ameliorating potential of the flavonoid-rich fraction of Phyllanthus emblica (FRFPE) and saponin-rich fraction of Tribulus terrestris (SRFTT) against mercuric chloride (HgCl 2)-induced renal toxicity in rats. Forty-two male SD rats were divided into seven different groups, namely normal control (C1), toxicity control (C2), vehicle control (C3), standard control (C4), Flavonoid rich fraction of Phyllanthus emblica (FRFPE; T1), Saponin rich fraction of Tribulus terrestris (SRFTT; T2) and FRFPE + SRFTT (T3). Serum biochemical markers and oxidative stress indicators were measured. Histopathological examination of kidney sections was also carried out. Our data revealed that BUN and creatinine levels in rats' serum were significantly higher, whereas serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were significantly lower in the toxicity group. HgCl 2 administration reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and an elevated MDA in kidney tissue when compared with the control. The treatment with FRFPE and SRFTT markedly attenuated HgCl 2-induced oxidative stress in kidney. Further, oxidative stress-related alteration in biochemical markers was confirmed by histopathological changes in rats of different treatment groups. According to histopathology of the kidney, the treatment of FRFPE and SRFTT considerably reduced the damage produced by HgCl 2 in rats. LC-QTOF-MS analysis of FRFPE and SRFTT showed the presence of tannins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, gallic acid, steroid derivatives, quinoline derivatives and flavonoids. According to the findings, the flavonoid-rich fraction of P. emblica and the saponin-rich fraction of T. terrestris showed an antioxidant activity and protected the rat kidney from mercury-induced oxidative damage.
The error has occurred in the direction of arrows showing the MDA level. The corrected graphical ... more The error has occurred in the direction of arrows showing the MDA level. The corrected graphical abstract is shown below.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022
The toxicity of the binary mixture of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on the ovary of adult zebrafi... more The toxicity of the binary mixture of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on the ovary of adult zebrafish was evaluated in the present study. Adult female zebrafish were exposed to cadmium chloride (1 mg/L), mercury chloride (30 µg/L), and a binary mixture of both metals for 21 days. The toxic effects of both metals on the ovary were investigated by evaluating the oxidative stress markers and related gene expression in ovarian tissue along with the histopathological examination. The significantly decreased level of GSH and increased level of MDA in ovarian tissue of adult female zebrafish exposed to Cd + Hg indicated that the exposure of binary mixture of Cd and Hg caused more lipid peroxidation in the ovary. The significant changes in expression of mRNA of catalase (CAT) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were not observed in the ovary of zebrafish exposed to the binary mixture. Upon histological evaluation, a decreased number of full-growth (mature) oocytes along with degenerative changes due to Cd exposure were noticed, while ovary of zebrafish of the Hg-exposed group had shown a decreased number of pre-and early vitellogenic oocytes along with atretic previtellogenic oocytes compared to the control group. The ovary of zebrafish of the Cd + Hg-exposed group had shown a decreased number of previtellogenic oocytes with marked pathological changes in mature oocytes. Present findings elucidate that simultaneous long-term exposure of Cd and Hg compared to individual exposure significantly damaged the various stages of oocytes of an ovary of adult zebrafish.
Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal, 2021
Effects of combined treatment of quercetin (50 mg/kg, PO) and curcumin (100 mg/kg, PO) against ox... more Effects of combined treatment of quercetin (50 mg/kg, PO) and curcumin (100 mg/kg, PO) against oxidative damage in the brain cortex and the heart of rats due to cadmium (Cd) (100 ppm in drinking water) were investigated. In the brain cortex of rats exposed to Cd, quercetin treatment improved the SOD activity and GSH level which resulted in lower level of MDA when given in combination with curcumin. Curcumin treatment also improved the SOD activity and the GSH level partially in brain cortex. In the heart, curcumin significantly enhanced the GSH stimulating effect of the quercetin which caused less Cdinduced lipid peroxidation. Plasma nitric oxide levels in rats treated with curcumin alone as well as quercetin and curcumin combination were significantly lower as compared to that of toxicity group. As compared to individual treatment of quercetin and curcumin, the combination of both agents produced marked protective effect against Cd-induced histopathological changes in brain cortex and heart of rats.
This study presents the immunomodulatory potential of Abrus precatorius Linn. (Indian wild licori... more This study presents the immunomodulatory potential of Abrus precatorius Linn. (Indian wild licorice) leaves. A hydroalcoholic extract of A. precatorius leaves (EAPL) was prepared by maceration. Thirty male mice were divided into five groups as follows: control group, model control group (cyclophosphamide-treated), and three treatment groups (treated with EAPL at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, per os, daily for 14 days). Parameters, including hematological, biochemical, organ indices, hemagglutination test (HA titer), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), interleukin-2 (IL-2) level, splenocyte proliferation and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis were evaluated. Histopathological examination was carried out for the spleen, kidney and liver. Cyclophosphamide (CPMD)-induced changes in white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets were improved in the treatment groups. Total protein and albumin levels in the treatment groups were signi...
An in vitro anti-diabetic activity of various indigenous medicinal plants was evaluated by α-amyl... more An in vitro anti-diabetic activity of various indigenous medicinal plants was evaluated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay methods. Various extracts like chloroform, methanol and water extracts have been prepared by simple maceration of defatted plant powder using n-hexane. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the presence of active ingredients like flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates and tannins. Chloroform extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm leaf, Lepidium sativum L. seed and Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. Tuber exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) inhibition of α-amylase activity as compare to standard drug acarbose. Water extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & H. Wendl. Leaf and Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Gamble seed shown significantly higher (p < 0.05) inhibition of α-glucosidase followed by methanolic extracts of Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. Tuber and Moringa oleifera La...
Glycyrrhiza glabra and Tinospora cordifolia are traditional medicinal plants which possess antisp... more Glycyrrhiza glabra and Tinospora cordifolia are traditional medicinal plants which possess antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, and antioxidant properties. The present study was carried out to evaluate an in-vitro anti-diabetic activity of different extracts of G. glabra root and T. cordifolia stem in proportions of 1:2 and 2:1 by α-amylase inhibition method. Chloroform, methanol and water extracts of both plants were prepared by soxhlet apparatus. Various concentrations from 10 to 100 μg/mL were used to determine the activity. Acarbose was used as standard test substance. Water extracts in 1:2 and 2:1 ratio inhibits α-amylase significantly (p<0.05) with 53.69±2.14 and 52.89±1.40 percent, respectively. In case of methanolic extract, 2:1 ratio of both plants inhibits 53.95±0.66 percent (p<0.05), whereas 1:2 ratio of same extract by 48.12±1.40 percent. Chloroform extracts didn’t show any inhibition against α-amylase. Presence of triterpenoid in the methanol and wate...
The present study was carried out to evaluate safety profile following administration of Opuntia ... more The present study was carried out to evaluate safety profile following administration of Opuntia elatior Mill. fruit juice (OEFJ) and quercetin for 28 days in diabetic rats. OEFJ (4 mL/kg p.o. for 28 days) and quercetin (50 mg/kg p.o. for 28 days) treatment shown restoring effect on haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count in diabetic rats. Alterations in levels of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, total bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase observed in diabetic rats which were restored to normal level when diabetic rats were treated with OEFJ and quercetin alone and in combination. The mean values of total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, BUN and ALP were found unaltered in all groups. Damage induced by streptozotocin in pancreas, liver and kidney were lesser compared to diabetic control group when rats were treated with OEFJ and quercetin. However, no appreciable histopathological lesions have been observed in the spleen, heart, lung and intestine ...
In this study, alterations in behavior, oxidative stress, and related gene expressions, as well a... more In this study, alterations in behavior, oxidative stress, and related gene expressions, as well as histopathological changes in the brain, of zebrafish were evaluated following exposure to cadmium chloride and mercury chloride alone and in combination for 21 days. In the light–dark preference test, the time spent in the dark side and numbers of entries in the light side by zebrafish of all toxicity groups compared to those of control were significantly higher and lower, respectively. In novel tank test, times spent in the lower zone by zebrafish of toxicity groups were at par but significantly higher compared to those of the control group, which indicate the development of anxiety-like behavior in all toxicity groups. Zebrafish exposed to Cd + Hg showed significant downregulation of Nrf2 mRNA expression (Nrf2— protein that is responsible for the expression of antioxidant proteins) in the brain compared to other toxicity groups. The downregulation of Nrf2 plays a crucial role in cellular oxidative damage in the brain of zebrafish. The glutathione level of the brain was significantly decreased in Cd and Cd + Hg-exposed fish. However, the malondialdehyde level of the brain was significantly higher in Hg and Cd + Hg groups. Significant microscopic pathological changes were noticed in the olfactory bulb, corpus cerebelli, and optic tectum of zebrafish of all toxicity groups. The Cd + Hg-exposed group showed severe changes in periventricular gray zone of optic tectum. Significant synergistic toxicity in the brain was not observed following simultaneous exposure of Cd and Hg in zebrafish.
The toxicity of the binary mixture of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on the ovary of adult zebrafi... more The toxicity of the binary mixture of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on the ovary of adult zebrafish was evaluated in the present study. Adult female zebrafish were exposed to cadmium chloride (1 mg/L), mercury chloride (30 µg/L) and a binary mixture of both metals for 21 days. The toxic effects of both metals on the ovary were investigated by evaluating the oxidative stress markers and related gene expression in ovarian tissue along with the histopathological examination. The significantly decreased level of GSH and increased level of MDA in ovarian tissue of adult female zebrafish exposed to Cd + Hg indicated that the exposure of binary mixture of Cd and Hg caused more lipid peroxidation in the ovary. The decreased expression of mRNA of catalase (CAT) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were observed in the ovary of zebrafish exposed to binary mixture. The down regulation of Nrf2 might be responsible for suppression of the antioxidant system which resulte...
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of piperine pre-conditioning on the phar... more The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of piperine pre-conditioning on the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in Wistar rats. Marbofloxacin was administrated at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg body weight alone, and along with piperine pre-conditioning at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight, orally for 5 days in Wistar rats. The mean values of the half-life (t ½β), maximum drug concentration (C max) and area under the curve (AUC) were 1.19 ± 0.17 h, 2.71 ± 0.09 μg/mL and 12.25 ± 0.77 μg.h/mL, respectively, in piperine pretreated rats. The values were significantly higher than the values observed in rats administered with marbofloxacin alone (1.12 ± 0.31 h, 2.28 ± 0.20 μg/mL and 9.24 ± 0.59 μg.h/mL, respectively). The drug clearance (Cl B) in piperine pretreated rats was 0.04 ± 0.02 L/h/kg, which was significantly lower than the clearance rate of the drug (0.53 ± 0.03 L/h/kg) in the animals administered with marbofloxacin alone. The study reveals that piperine has a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin, which may be due to an increase in the drug absorption and inhibition of elimination of the drug in rats.
Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal, 2020
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of pretreatment of bioenhancers like ... more The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of pretreatment of bioenhancers like piperine and quercetin on safety profile of marbofloxacin after repeated oral administration in broiler chickens. Hemato-biochemical and histopathological alterations after repeated dose oral administration of marbofloxacin (5 mg/kg, PO, 5 days) in normal, piperine, quercetin and both in combination (10 mg/kg, each, PO, for 3 days) pretreated broiler chickens were investigated. After repeated oral administration of marbofloxacin, mean hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and total leukocyte count in quercetin pretreated broiler chickens were 9.52 ± 0.33 g/dl, 28.33 ± 1.00 %, 2.12 ± 0.05 x 10 6 /l and 20.38 ± 0.29 x 10 3 /l, respectively which significantly (p<0.05) lower as compared respective values of 12.48 ± 0.47 g/dl, 35.72 ± 1.39 %, 2.80 ± 0.13 x 10 6 /l and 22.81 ± 0.27 x 10 3 /l of control group. However, these alterations were in the normal clinical range of broiler chickens. The differential leukocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were not significantly different as compared to control group. Biochemical parameters, viz., alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and total bilirubin were also not significantly different from control group. No major histomorphological changes were observed in liver, intestine and kidney of broiler chickens. The present dosage regimen of piperine, quercetin and marbofloxacin was found to be safe and might be helpful to explore therapeutic efficacy of herbal drugs with antibiotics in broiler chickens.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Jan 10, 2019
Cadmium (Cd) is listed in top hazardous substances which are used in nickel-cadmium batteries, pi... more Cadmium (Cd) is listed in top hazardous substances which are used in nickel-cadmium batteries, pigments and plastic stabilizers. Major occupational exposures to Cd occur in nonferrous metal smelters, production and processing of Cd alloys and compounds (WHO, 1992; Fay and Mumtaz, 1996). Cigarette smoke is also the source of Cd exposure to humans (Zalups and Ahmad, 2003). It is well known that long-term exposure to Cd causes various toxic effects in various organs such as heart, kidneys, liver, brain, lung, bones, haemopoietic organs, endocrine and reproductive organs (Fowler,
The Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology, Jun 30, 2016
The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of Opuntia elatior fruit juic... more The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of Opuntia elatior fruit juice (3 ml/kg body weight) and aqua-alcoholic extract of Withania somnifera (100 mg/kg body weight) alone and in combination of both against lead acetate (500 ppm in feed for 21 days) induced toxicity in broiler chickens (n=8 each) keeping one group each of lead induced toxicity and healthy control. Clinical symptoms of toxicity were observed in birds received only lead acetate. Haematological parameters, Hb and MCHC in birds treated with lead acetate were found significantly (P 0.05) alterations in PCV, TEC, TLC and MCV levels of birds of all treatment groups were observed compared to that of control birds. Mean values of ALT, BUN, creatinine and total bilirubin were significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds treated with lead acetate as compared to control group, whereas mean values of AST, total protein, albumin, globulin, ACP, ALP and LDH did not differ significantly between groups. It was concluded that daily administration of Opuntia elatior or Withania somnifera at above dose rate may be useful for protection of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in broilers chickens.
The present study was carried out to evaluate and find the extracts having potential in vitro ant... more The present study was carried out to evaluate and find the extracts having potential in vitro antioxidant property of leaves of Abrus precatorius L. (Family: Fabaceae). The free radical's scavenging effect was determined by in vitro antioxidant assays, using 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) method. The extract was obtained by maceration process using three solvents, namely; water, methanol and chloroform. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, ta nnin and several polyphenols. The different concentrations of extracts (g/ml) were prepared and used to evaluate antioxidant activity as a percentage inhibition. The results showed that percentage inhibition of DPPH by methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts were 75.16, 72.09 and 62.22% at 300 g/ml, respectively. Methanolic extract of A. preca torius showed good inhibition as compa red to ascorbic acid (p<0.05) due to high phenolic content in the leaf extract. It was concluded that methanolic extract of leaves of A. precatorius plant exhibited potent in vitro free radical scavenging activity.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the ameliorating potential of the flavonoid-rich fr... more The present study was carried out to evaluate the ameliorating potential of the flavonoid-rich fraction of Phyllanthus emblica (FRFPE) and saponin-rich fraction of Tribulus terrestris (SRFTT) against mercuric chloride (HgCl 2)-induced renal toxicity in rats. Forty-two male SD rats were divided into seven different groups, namely normal control (C1), toxicity control (C2), vehicle control (C3), standard control (C4), Flavonoid rich fraction of Phyllanthus emblica (FRFPE; T1), Saponin rich fraction of Tribulus terrestris (SRFTT; T2) and FRFPE + SRFTT (T3). Serum biochemical markers and oxidative stress indicators were measured. Histopathological examination of kidney sections was also carried out. Our data revealed that BUN and creatinine levels in rats' serum were significantly higher, whereas serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were significantly lower in the toxicity group. HgCl 2 administration reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and an elevated MDA in kidney tissue when compared with the control. The treatment with FRFPE and SRFTT markedly attenuated HgCl 2-induced oxidative stress in kidney. Further, oxidative stress-related alteration in biochemical markers was confirmed by histopathological changes in rats of different treatment groups. According to histopathology of the kidney, the treatment of FRFPE and SRFTT considerably reduced the damage produced by HgCl 2 in rats. LC-QTOF-MS analysis of FRFPE and SRFTT showed the presence of tannins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, gallic acid, steroid derivatives, quinoline derivatives and flavonoids. According to the findings, the flavonoid-rich fraction of P. emblica and the saponin-rich fraction of T. terrestris showed an antioxidant activity and protected the rat kidney from mercury-induced oxidative damage.
The error has occurred in the direction of arrows showing the MDA level. The corrected graphical ... more The error has occurred in the direction of arrows showing the MDA level. The corrected graphical abstract is shown below.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022
The toxicity of the binary mixture of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on the ovary of adult zebrafi... more The toxicity of the binary mixture of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on the ovary of adult zebrafish was evaluated in the present study. Adult female zebrafish were exposed to cadmium chloride (1 mg/L), mercury chloride (30 µg/L), and a binary mixture of both metals for 21 days. The toxic effects of both metals on the ovary were investigated by evaluating the oxidative stress markers and related gene expression in ovarian tissue along with the histopathological examination. The significantly decreased level of GSH and increased level of MDA in ovarian tissue of adult female zebrafish exposed to Cd + Hg indicated that the exposure of binary mixture of Cd and Hg caused more lipid peroxidation in the ovary. The significant changes in expression of mRNA of catalase (CAT) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were not observed in the ovary of zebrafish exposed to the binary mixture. Upon histological evaluation, a decreased number of full-growth (mature) oocytes along with degenerative changes due to Cd exposure were noticed, while ovary of zebrafish of the Hg-exposed group had shown a decreased number of pre-and early vitellogenic oocytes along with atretic previtellogenic oocytes compared to the control group. The ovary of zebrafish of the Cd + Hg-exposed group had shown a decreased number of previtellogenic oocytes with marked pathological changes in mature oocytes. Present findings elucidate that simultaneous long-term exposure of Cd and Hg compared to individual exposure significantly damaged the various stages of oocytes of an ovary of adult zebrafish.
Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal, 2021
Effects of combined treatment of quercetin (50 mg/kg, PO) and curcumin (100 mg/kg, PO) against ox... more Effects of combined treatment of quercetin (50 mg/kg, PO) and curcumin (100 mg/kg, PO) against oxidative damage in the brain cortex and the heart of rats due to cadmium (Cd) (100 ppm in drinking water) were investigated. In the brain cortex of rats exposed to Cd, quercetin treatment improved the SOD activity and GSH level which resulted in lower level of MDA when given in combination with curcumin. Curcumin treatment also improved the SOD activity and the GSH level partially in brain cortex. In the heart, curcumin significantly enhanced the GSH stimulating effect of the quercetin which caused less Cdinduced lipid peroxidation. Plasma nitric oxide levels in rats treated with curcumin alone as well as quercetin and curcumin combination were significantly lower as compared to that of toxicity group. As compared to individual treatment of quercetin and curcumin, the combination of both agents produced marked protective effect against Cd-induced histopathological changes in brain cortex and heart of rats.
This study presents the immunomodulatory potential of Abrus precatorius Linn. (Indian wild licori... more This study presents the immunomodulatory potential of Abrus precatorius Linn. (Indian wild licorice) leaves. A hydroalcoholic extract of A. precatorius leaves (EAPL) was prepared by maceration. Thirty male mice were divided into five groups as follows: control group, model control group (cyclophosphamide-treated), and three treatment groups (treated with EAPL at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, per os, daily for 14 days). Parameters, including hematological, biochemical, organ indices, hemagglutination test (HA titer), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), interleukin-2 (IL-2) level, splenocyte proliferation and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis were evaluated. Histopathological examination was carried out for the spleen, kidney and liver. Cyclophosphamide (CPMD)-induced changes in white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets were improved in the treatment groups. Total protein and albumin levels in the treatment groups were signi...
An in vitro anti-diabetic activity of various indigenous medicinal plants was evaluated by α-amyl... more An in vitro anti-diabetic activity of various indigenous medicinal plants was evaluated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay methods. Various extracts like chloroform, methanol and water extracts have been prepared by simple maceration of defatted plant powder using n-hexane. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the presence of active ingredients like flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates and tannins. Chloroform extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm leaf, Lepidium sativum L. seed and Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. Tuber exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) inhibition of α-amylase activity as compare to standard drug acarbose. Water extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & H. Wendl. Leaf and Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Gamble seed shown significantly higher (p < 0.05) inhibition of α-glucosidase followed by methanolic extracts of Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. Tuber and Moringa oleifera La...
Glycyrrhiza glabra and Tinospora cordifolia are traditional medicinal plants which possess antisp... more Glycyrrhiza glabra and Tinospora cordifolia are traditional medicinal plants which possess antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, and antioxidant properties. The present study was carried out to evaluate an in-vitro anti-diabetic activity of different extracts of G. glabra root and T. cordifolia stem in proportions of 1:2 and 2:1 by α-amylase inhibition method. Chloroform, methanol and water extracts of both plants were prepared by soxhlet apparatus. Various concentrations from 10 to 100 μg/mL were used to determine the activity. Acarbose was used as standard test substance. Water extracts in 1:2 and 2:1 ratio inhibits α-amylase significantly (p<0.05) with 53.69±2.14 and 52.89±1.40 percent, respectively. In case of methanolic extract, 2:1 ratio of both plants inhibits 53.95±0.66 percent (p<0.05), whereas 1:2 ratio of same extract by 48.12±1.40 percent. Chloroform extracts didn’t show any inhibition against α-amylase. Presence of triterpenoid in the methanol and wate...
The present study was carried out to evaluate safety profile following administration of Opuntia ... more The present study was carried out to evaluate safety profile following administration of Opuntia elatior Mill. fruit juice (OEFJ) and quercetin for 28 days in diabetic rats. OEFJ (4 mL/kg p.o. for 28 days) and quercetin (50 mg/kg p.o. for 28 days) treatment shown restoring effect on haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count in diabetic rats. Alterations in levels of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, total bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase observed in diabetic rats which were restored to normal level when diabetic rats were treated with OEFJ and quercetin alone and in combination. The mean values of total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, BUN and ALP were found unaltered in all groups. Damage induced by streptozotocin in pancreas, liver and kidney were lesser compared to diabetic control group when rats were treated with OEFJ and quercetin. However, no appreciable histopathological lesions have been observed in the spleen, heart, lung and intestine ...
In this study, alterations in behavior, oxidative stress, and related gene expressions, as well a... more In this study, alterations in behavior, oxidative stress, and related gene expressions, as well as histopathological changes in the brain, of zebrafish were evaluated following exposure to cadmium chloride and mercury chloride alone and in combination for 21 days. In the light–dark preference test, the time spent in the dark side and numbers of entries in the light side by zebrafish of all toxicity groups compared to those of control were significantly higher and lower, respectively. In novel tank test, times spent in the lower zone by zebrafish of toxicity groups were at par but significantly higher compared to those of the control group, which indicate the development of anxiety-like behavior in all toxicity groups. Zebrafish exposed to Cd + Hg showed significant downregulation of Nrf2 mRNA expression (Nrf2— protein that is responsible for the expression of antioxidant proteins) in the brain compared to other toxicity groups. The downregulation of Nrf2 plays a crucial role in cellular oxidative damage in the brain of zebrafish. The glutathione level of the brain was significantly decreased in Cd and Cd + Hg-exposed fish. However, the malondialdehyde level of the brain was significantly higher in Hg and Cd + Hg groups. Significant microscopic pathological changes were noticed in the olfactory bulb, corpus cerebelli, and optic tectum of zebrafish of all toxicity groups. The Cd + Hg-exposed group showed severe changes in periventricular gray zone of optic tectum. Significant synergistic toxicity in the brain was not observed following simultaneous exposure of Cd and Hg in zebrafish.
The toxicity of the binary mixture of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on the ovary of adult zebrafi... more The toxicity of the binary mixture of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on the ovary of adult zebrafish was evaluated in the present study. Adult female zebrafish were exposed to cadmium chloride (1 mg/L), mercury chloride (30 µg/L) and a binary mixture of both metals for 21 days. The toxic effects of both metals on the ovary were investigated by evaluating the oxidative stress markers and related gene expression in ovarian tissue along with the histopathological examination. The significantly decreased level of GSH and increased level of MDA in ovarian tissue of adult female zebrafish exposed to Cd + Hg indicated that the exposure of binary mixture of Cd and Hg caused more lipid peroxidation in the ovary. The decreased expression of mRNA of catalase (CAT) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were observed in the ovary of zebrafish exposed to binary mixture. The down regulation of Nrf2 might be responsible for suppression of the antioxidant system which resulte...
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of piperine pre-conditioning on the phar... more The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of piperine pre-conditioning on the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in Wistar rats. Marbofloxacin was administrated at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg body weight alone, and along with piperine pre-conditioning at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight, orally for 5 days in Wistar rats. The mean values of the half-life (t ½β), maximum drug concentration (C max) and area under the curve (AUC) were 1.19 ± 0.17 h, 2.71 ± 0.09 μg/mL and 12.25 ± 0.77 μg.h/mL, respectively, in piperine pretreated rats. The values were significantly higher than the values observed in rats administered with marbofloxacin alone (1.12 ± 0.31 h, 2.28 ± 0.20 μg/mL and 9.24 ± 0.59 μg.h/mL, respectively). The drug clearance (Cl B) in piperine pretreated rats was 0.04 ± 0.02 L/h/kg, which was significantly lower than the clearance rate of the drug (0.53 ± 0.03 L/h/kg) in the animals administered with marbofloxacin alone. The study reveals that piperine has a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin, which may be due to an increase in the drug absorption and inhibition of elimination of the drug in rats.
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