Papers by Stefano Petrini
Viruses, Apr 19, 2024
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Vaccines, Feb 3, 2024
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Genome Announcements, Apr 27, 2017
We report here the full-length sequence of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain UM/103/0... more We report here the full-length sequence of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain UM/103/04, isolated from a persistently infected cow in Italy. It belongs to the subgenotype 1g, which is described as a sporadic subgenotype in Italy. This is the first report of a complete genome sequence of BVDV-1g.
Vaccines, Jul 24, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, May 13, 2023
The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic characterization... more The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sika deer in China. During August 2014 to November 2014, a total of 450 tissue samples coming from 150 sika deer were collected to detect the T. gondii B1 gene using a nested PCR, and the positive samples were genotyped at 11 genetic markers (SAG1, 5′-and 3′-SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, c22-8, c29-2, and Apico) using multilocus polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technology. Seventeen of 150 sika deer (11.33%) were tested positive by nested PCR. Six DNA samples from the 17 positive samples were completely typed, in which 4 samples from lung tissues, and 2 from muscular tissues, were identified as ToxoDB Genotype #9 (http://toxodb.org/toxo/). The results of the present study revealed the existence of T. gondii infection in sika deer in China, which provided the information of T. gondii genetic diversity in this host species. This study also indicated that ToxoDB Genotype #9 has a wide distribution in sika deer that could be potential reservoirs for T. gondii transmission, which may pose a threat to human health.
Vaccines, Apr 2, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Jul 1, 2002
Four bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) commercial vaccines, three of which (vaccines B, D, E) were mod... more Four bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) commercial vaccines, three of which (vaccines B, D, E) were modified live vaccines (MLV) and one (vaccine A) identified as a live strain of BHV-1 gE negative, were used for vaccination of calves, using three calves for each vaccine. Three months after vaccination calves were subjected to dexamethasone (DMS) treatment following which virus was recovered from calves inoculated with vaccine B and from those given vaccine D. No virus reactivation was obtained in calves, which received vaccines A or E. The DNA extracted from the two reactivated viruses was subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis. The restriction pattern of the isolate obtained from calves vaccinated with vaccine D differs significantly from that of the original vaccine, whereas the reactivated virus from calves given vaccine B conserved the general pattern of the original vaccine strain. For each reactivated virus in this experiment (B and D) as well as for the isolate obtained from calves vaccinated with a further MLV (vaccine C) in a previous trial, three calves were inoculated. No clinical signs of disease were detected in any of the inoculated calves during the observation period. When the nine calves were exposed 40 days later to challenge infection with virulent BHV-1, they remained healthy and no virus was isolated from their nasal swabbings. These results indicate that some BHV-1 vaccines considered in the project can establish latency in the vaccinated calves, however, the latency does not appear to interfere with the original properties of the vaccines in terms of safety and efficacy.
Veterinary Research Communications, 2008
Abbreviations ID infectious dose IHA inhibition haemoagglutination titer IN intra-nasal IPH intra... more Abbreviations ID infectious dose IHA inhibition haemoagglutination titer IN intra-nasal IPH intra-pharingeal PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells PID post infection days SN serum neutralizing TCID tissue culture infectious doses
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2004
A bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) vaccine expressing glycoprotein D, the form with the transmembrane... more A bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) vaccine expressing glycoprotein D, the form with the transmembrane anchor removed, was evaluated for inducing immunity in calves. The plasmid encoding gD of BHV-1 was injected three times to nine calves, using three animals for each of the following routes: intramuscularly (i.m.), intradermally (i.d.), or intranasally (i.n.). Three additional calves were given the plasmid vector only and served as unvaccinated controls. When calves were subjected to challenge infection with BHV-1, all vaccinated calves as well as the controls developed a typical severe form of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. However, compared to the controls, the vaccinated calves showed earlier clearance of challenge virus. Moreover, the calves given the vaccine i.m. developed neutralizing antibody to BHV-1 between 21 and 42 days following the first injection of vaccine, whereas in calves vaccinated either i.d. or i.n., as well as the controls, antibody first appeared in their sera 14 days post-challenge infection.
Large Animal Review, 2020
Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is a gammaherpesvirus that causes an asymptomatic infection in ... more Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is a gammaherpesvirus that causes an asymptomatic infection in sheep and a severe systemic disease in other ruminants and pigs, called malignant catarrhal fever (FCM). The control of the infection in sheep is the key to avoid the FCM. Moreover, a role of this virus in the pathology of the sheep can not be excluded. Aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of OvHV-2 in sheep flocks of the Umbria Region and understand the role of some characteristics of the farms for the infection. Nasal swabs of 39 sheep and 11 goats coming from 9 different farms were investigated for the presence of the OvHV-2 DNA by nested PCR. Twenty-nine out of 39 (74.4%) sheep and 3 out of 11 (27.3%) goats were positive. The role of the species, the age of the animals, the productive attitude, the breeding mixed with cattle and/or goats, and the effect of the single farm were evaluated as risk factors for the infection by univariable and multivariable statistical...
Vaccines
European regulations on the control of infectious diseases provide measures to control Bovine alp... more European regulations on the control of infectious diseases provide measures to control Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection in both cattle and buffalo. Owing to the reported serological cross-reactivity between BoHV-1 and Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1), we hypothesized a new immunization protocol using BoHV-1 gE-deleted marker vaccines could protect water buffalo against BuHV-1. Five water buffaloes devoid of BoHV-1/BuHV-1-neutralizing antibodies were immunized with two commercial BoHV-1 gE-deleted marker vaccines at 0, 30, 210, and 240 post-vaccination days (PVDs). Five additional water buffaloes were used as controls. At 270 PVD (0 post-challenge days (PCDs), all animals were challenged intranasally with wild-type (wt) BuHV-1. The vaccinated animals produced humoral immunity (HI) as early as PVD 30 whereas, in control animals, antibodies were detected on PCD 10. After challenge infection, HI significantly increased in vaccinated animals compared to that in controls. ...
Vaccines
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease that causes extensive econ... more African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease that causes extensive economic and animal welfare losses in the Eurasian pig (Sus scrofa) population. To date, no effective and safe vaccines have been marketed against ASF. A starting point for vaccine development is using naturally occurring attenuated strains as a vaccine base. Here, we aimed to remove the multigene family (MGF) 110 gene of unknown function from the Lv17/WB/Rie1 genome to improve the usability of the virus as a live-attenuated vaccine, reducing unwanted side effects. The MGF 110-11L gene was deleted using the CRISPR/Cas9 method, and the safety and efficacy of the virus were tested in pigs after isolation. The vaccine candidates administered at high doses showed reduced pathogenicity compared to the parental strain and induced immunity in vaccinated animals, although several mild clinical signs were observed. Although Lv17/WB/Rie1/d110-11L cannot be used as a vaccine in its current form, it was...
Vaccines
Three commercially available infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) live marker vaccines were ev... more Three commercially available infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) live marker vaccines were evaluated for their ability to provide clinical protection to vaccinated calves against wild-type (wt) Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) challenge and their possible effect on wt BoHV-1 latency reactivation following the challenge. On 35 post-vaccination days (PVDs), all animals were challenged with wt BoHV-1. Only the calves in the control group developed severe forms of IBR. The reactivation of latent BoHV-1 was induced by dexamethasone (DMS) treatment on 28 post-challenge days (PCDs). All animals showed IBR clinical signs on three post-DMS treatment days (PDTDs). On PVD 14, all vaccinated animals developed neutralizing antibodies (NAs), whereas in control animals, the NAs appeared post-challenge. The positivity for glycoprotein-B (gB) was detected using real-time polymerase chain reactions in all animals from PCDs 1 to 7. In contrast, the gB-positivity was observed in the immunized cal...
Viruses
African Swine Fever (ASF), a hemorrhagic disease with a high mortality rate in suids, is transmit... more African Swine Fever (ASF), a hemorrhagic disease with a high mortality rate in suids, is transmitted via direct and indirect contact with infectious animals and contaminated fomites, respectively. ASF reached Europe in 2014, affecting 14 of the 27 EU countries including, recently, the Italian peninsula. The fast and unprecedented spread of ASF in the EU has highlighted gaps in knowledge regarding transmission mechanisms. Fomites, such as contaminated clothing and footwear, farming tools, equipment and vehicles have been widely reported in the spread of ASF. The absence of available vaccines renders biosecurity measures, cleaning and disinfection procedures an essential control tool, to a greater degree than the others, for the prevention of primary and secondary introductions of ASF in pig farms. In this review, available data on the virucidal activity of chemical compounds as disinfectants against the ASF virus (ASFV) are summarized together with laboratory methods adopted to asses...
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Papers by Stefano Petrini