Deniz Gerçek

İZMİR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, City and Regional Planning Department, Faculty Member

Kocaeli University, City and Regional Planning, Faculty Member

Kocaeli University, Electronics & Telecomm Eng, Faculty Member

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Scholar at the Department of City and Regional Planning of Izmir Institute of Technology. She has publications mainly in the fields of GIS and Remote Sensing. Her research interests as an urban planner span the fields of Urban Resilience, Urban Quality of Life, and Urban Climate. For the past years her work position her as an expert in the field of spatial analysis mainly applied on urban environmental issues, physical and cultural landscape within the context of sustainability and resilience.
Address: Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey

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Papers by Deniz Gerçek

The GIS-Based Earthquake Risk and Accessibility Analysis of Değirmendere

Resilience, Dec 31, 2017

Bu çalışmada, Değirmendere beldesinde, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) temelli, depreme yönelik af... more Bu çalışmada, Değirmendere beldesinde, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) temelli, depreme yönelik afet yönetimi zarar azaltma amacıyla bir sistem geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen sistem için öncelikle bölgede yapılmış olan çalışmalar, 17 Ağustos 1999 depreminde bölgede oluşan zararlar ve sebepleri incelenmiş ve bölgede depremde yapıları etkileyen yerbilimleri verilerine dayanarak risk oranları ve yerbilimleri verilerinin alt kategorilerinin etki oranlarına göre alt risk oranları belirlenmiştir. Bölgenin depreme yönelik tehlike analizinin yapmakta kullanılan bu verilerin CBS ortamında değerlendirilebilmesi için Analitik Hiyerarşik Süreç (AHS) yöntemi ile ağırlıklandırılması yapılmıştır. Analiz birimi olarak ‘alan’ ı esas alan diğer CBS çalışmalardan farklı olarak, tüm veriler, yapı birimlerinin öznitelik değeri olarak CBS ortamına aktarılmıştır. Bölgede yaşayan nüfus ile ilgili demografik bilgiler Nüfus Vatandaşlık Genel Müdürlüğü’nden elde edilmiş ve yine yapılara ait veri olarak CBS ortamına aktarılmıştır.Sonrasında da CBS ortamında tehlike analizleri yapılarak bölgedeki riskli yapılar ve risk oranları belirlenmiştir. Diğer afet yönetimi çalışmalarından farklı olarak, riskli yapılarda yaşayan nüfus verileri de değerlendirilmiş ve bunlara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Urban Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping at the Microscale Based on the Catastrophe Progression Method

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science

Vulnerability assessment and mapping play a crucial role in disaster risk reduction and planning ... more Vulnerability assessment and mapping play a crucial role in disaster risk reduction and planning for adaptation to a future earthquake. Turkey is one of the most at-risk countries for earthquake disasters worldwide. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective earthquake vulnerability assessment and mapping at practically relevant scales. In this study, a holistic earthquake vulnerability index that addresses the multidimensional nature of earthquake vulnerability was constructed. With the aim of representing the vulnerability as a continuum across space, buildings were set as the smallest unit of analysis. The study area is in İzmit City of Turkey, with the exposed human and structural elements falling inside the most hazardous zone of seismicity. The index was represented by the building vulnerability, socioeconomic vulnerability, and vulnerability of the built environment. To minimize the subjectivity and uncertainty that the vulnerability indices based on expert knowledge ar...

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Yerşekillerinin geometrik ve jeomorfometrik özelliklerine göre nesne tabanlı sınıflandırılması

Terrain as a continuum can be categorized into landform units that exhibit common physiological a... more Terrain as a continuum can be categorized into landform units that exhibit common physiological and morphological characteristics which might serve as a boundary condition for a wide range of application domains. However, heterogeneous views, definitions and applications on landforms yield inconsistent and incompatible nomenclature that lack interoperability. Yet, there is still room for developing methods for establishing a formal background for general type of classification models to provide different disciplines with a basis of landscape description that is also commonsense to human insight. This study proposes a method of landform classification that reveals general geomorphometry of the landscape. Landform classes that are commonsense to human insight and relevant to various disciplines is adopted to generate landforms at the landscape scale. Proposed method integrates local geometry of the surface with geomorphometric context. A set of DTMs at relevant scale are utilized wher...

Valuing Groundwater Heritage: the Historic Wells of Kadıovacık

Geoheritage, 2021

The consideration of the subject of water resources, seen as a part of cultural heritage, general... more The consideration of the subject of water resources, seen as a part of cultural heritage, generally includes water-related architectural structures such as bridges, aqueducts, and cisterns. Groundwater resources and related structures, however, receive little attention as heritage assets, and they are mostly forgotten together with the valuable information they hold. In this sense, this study aims to provide an accurate assessment of groundwater heritage and to suggest proposals for conservation through the case of the historic wells of Kadıovacık village in the Urla district of İzmir. Although the region where the village is located is rich in groundwater resources, the residents have suffered from drought for ages due to the specific geological characteristics of the Kadıovacık polje. The limited amount of water resources in Kadıovacık village have karstic characteristics and have shaped the life and topography of the region. To access and harvest this limited groundwater, a group of wells had been constructed on the ridge of the hill. These wells have been idle since 1980s with the supply of city main water. In line with the aim, a comprehensive heritage valuation by an interdisciplinary group of experts is essential to reveal the significance of the relatively humble wells. Accordingly, a multi-method system is used, including historical, social, cultural, architectural, geological, hydrogeological, and environmental aspects. The results show that although the wells are generally considered to be less important as heritage assets in terms of their physical features, an in-depth evaluation demonstrates their high significance for the village community.

Akti̇f Faylarin Beli̇rlenmesi̇ne Yöneli̇k Bi̇r Yaklaşim: Cosbalid Metodunun Deprem Merkez Üsleri̇ne Uygulanmasi

... Deniz GERÇEK1, Nuretdin KAYMAKÇI2 Arda ARCASOY3,Vedat TOPRAK2 denizger@metu. edu.tr Öz: Bu ça... more

Hiperspektral Görüntüler ile Yüksek Çözünürlüklü Görüntülerin Spektral Katişim Temelli Kaynaştirilmasi Unmixing-based Fusion of Hyperspectral Images with High Spatial Resolution Images

An automated fine registration of multisensor remote sensing imagery

2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2012

In this study we propose an automated fine registration of EO-1 Hyperion and IKONOS imagery. An i... more In this study we propose an automated fine registration of EO-1 Hyperion and IKONOS imagery. An intensity based registration that is area-based and pixelwise is performed to register given images of divergent spatial and spectral resolution. Two similarity measures that are commonplace in image registration; NCC and NMI, and an operation that is particular to image restoration; CTO is adopted as an error measure as a novelty in image registration. We are convinced with the performance and efficiency of CTO compared to other two common methods of intensity-based registration.

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An automated approach for registration of multisensor/multi-resolution imagery

2012 20th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), 2012

ABSTRACT In this study, an automated method that is based on image intensities for geometric regi... more ABSTRACT In this study, an automated method that is based on image intensities for geometric registration of multi-sensor/multi-resolution imagery acquired from EO-1 Hyperion and IKONOS satellite platforms is proposed. Method performs an area-based transformation to register images of different spectral and spatial resolution with high geometric accuracy. Method basically compares similarity of intensities of two images. Position where there is highest similarity score in translated blocks gives the best match. Chrominance Transform Operation (CTO) that we tested in this study as a similarity measure depicted higher accuracy and performance compared to methods commonly used in the field i.e. Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC) and Mutual Information (MI).

Accuracy improvement and evaluation measures for registration of multisensor remote sensing imagery

Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation, 2012

Intensity based image registration methods are widely used in fine geometric registration of mult... more Intensity based image registration methods are widely used in fine geometric registration of multisensor images. Accordingly, for images that are compared through translation of image templates, position where similarity measure is maximized is assumed to indicate best registration. Image registration quality is of crucial importance especially for studies that have high geometric accuracy requirements; e.g. image fusion, change detection, multichannel segmentation, and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generation. Accuracy of image registration is conventionally evaluated by means of error measures (e.g. RMSE) obtained through comparison of coordinates of control points from the target and the reference / ground truth. However, especially for multisensor images with low spatial resolution component, difficulty in precisely positioning control points inhibits both sub pixel accuracy and evaluation of the registration. In this study, three widespread measures in intensity-based image registration namely, Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC), Mutual Information (MI), and Phase Correlation (PC) are tested for registering images acquired from EO-1 Hyperion and IKONOS sensors. We propose the use of 'global similarity' and 'inverse consistency' measures for evaluating the performance of these intensity based automated registration methods.

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Image registration with luminance transform operation

2012 20th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), 2012

ABSTRACT In this paper, the robustness of the measures that are used for image registration are t... more ABSTRACT In this paper, the robustness of the measures that are used for image registration are tested for common distortions seen in images. Luminance Transform Operation (LTO) is proposed to be used in image registration applications. Performance of the LTO is compared to the Normilized Cross Correlation (NCC) and Mutual Information (MI) measures. Image registration process is carried out between different wavelenght bands of hyperspectral images. Non-linear luminance changes, noise and rotation effects are added to target images, then performances of NCC, MI and LTO are tested for their robustness on registration of corrupted target images. Results depicted that LTO measure is more robust to mentioned distortion effects than other similarity measures.

Improvement of Land Cover Classification with the Integration of Topographical Data in Uneven Terrain

... _____ Prof. Dr. Tayfur Öztürk Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requireme... more

Analysis of the Intra-City Variation of Urban Heat Island and Its Relation to Land Surface/Cover Parameters

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016

Along with urbanization, sealing of vegetated land and evaporation surfaces by impermeable materi... more Along with urbanization, sealing of vegetated land and evaporation surfaces by impermeable materials, lead to changes in urban climate. This phenomenon is observed as temperatures several degrees higher in densely urbanized areas compared to the rural land at the urban fringe particularly at nights, so-called Urban Heat Island. Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is related with urban form, pattern and building materials so far as it is associated with meteorological conditions, air pollution, excess heat from cooling. UHI effect has negative influences on human health, as well as other environmental problems such as higher energy demand, air pollution, and water shortage. Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has long been studied by observations of air temperature from thermometers. However, with the advent and proliferation of remote sensing technology, synoptic coverage and better representations of spatial variation of surface temperature became possible. This has opened new avenues for the observation capabilities and research of UHIs. In this study, "UHI effect and its relation to factors that cause it" is explored for İzmit city which has been subject to excess urbanization and industrialization during the past decades. Spatial distribution and variation of UHI effect in İzmit is analysed using Landsat 8 and ASTER day & night images of 2015 summer. Surface temperature data derived from thermal bands of the images were analysed for UHI effect. Higher temperatures were classified into 4 grades of UHIs and mapped both for day and night. Inadequate urban form, pattern, density, high buildings and paved surfaces at the expanse of soil ground and vegetation cover are the main factors that cause microclimates giving rise to spatial variations in temperatures across cities. These factors quantified as land surface/cover parameters for the study include vegetation index (NDVI), imperviousness (NDISI), albedo, solar insolation, Sky View Factor (SVF), building envelope, distance to sea, and traffic space density. These parameters that cause variation in intra-city temperatures were evaluated for their relationship with different grades of UHIs. Zonal statistics of UHI classes and variations in average value of parameters were interpreted. The outcomes that highlight local temperature peaks are proposed to the attention of the decision makers for mitigation of Urban Heat Island effect in the city at local and neighbourhood scale.

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Volume: 1 Issue: 2

www.hkmodergi.org

Perceived Safety and Contributing Factors in Urban Neighborhoods

Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 2021

Bu calisma, suc eylemleri, kamu duzeni, topluluk duygusu gibi guvenligin cesitli yonlerinin “guve... more Bu calisma, suc eylemleri, kamu duzeni, topluluk duygusu gibi guvenligin cesitli yonlerinin “guvenlik algisina” nasil bir etkide bulundugunu anlamayi amaclamaktadir. Bunun icin, Izmit kentinin yerlesik alani icinde ikamet eden orneklem grubuna bir anket uygulanmistir. 1050kisiden olusan orneklem grubundaki kisilerden, suc eylemleri, duzen bozucu aktiviteler, topluluk iliskileri gibi, yasadiklari yakin cevreye dair bir dizi guvenlik sorunu hakkinda degerlendirmeler yapmalari istenmistir. Bu sorunlarin “guvenlik algisi” ile iliskisini ortaya koymak, sanayilesme ve goce maruz kalarak kentlesen bir sehirde guvenlik algisinin ozelliklerini anlamak acisindan oldukca onemlidir. Birincil demografik degiskenlerden olan cinsiyet, yas, gelir ve egitim duzeyinin, kentteki guvenlik algisi uzerinde etkili olup olmadigi da arastirilmistir. Kantitatif olcme yontemi ve istatistiksel analiz teknikleri kullanilarak, anket verilerinden bazi sonuclara varilmistir. Buna gore, kentteki guvenlik algisinin,...

Assessment of Measures of Urban Built Environment Versus Socio-Economic Indicators in a Socio-Geographical Perspective

OBJECT-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF LANDSCAPE INTO LAND MANAGEMENT UNITS ( LMUs )

A cost effective, reproducible and reliable system of classification of landscapes into homogeneo... more A cost effective, reproducible and reliable system of classification of landscapes into homogeneous units characterizing land based on its physical, biological and cultural characteristics -denoted as Land Management Units (LMUs) is of significant importance for management and planning purposes. Especially for developing countries, LMU systems are very critical as they aid in decision making process for achieving sustainable development and conservation of resources. Management and planning act requires understanding of common and distinctive properties of sites, capability of land to produce resources and respond to management decisions, hence it is essential to reduce enormous amount of environmental variability into conceptual units that reveal capacity and capability of land. This study aims to develop a method of Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) to generate LMUs at a biodiverse region dominated by forests, shrublands and endemic species which is subject to degrad...

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Improvement of Image Classification with the Integration of Topographical Data

Remotely sensed data are essentially used for land cover and vegetation classification. However, ... more Remotely sensed data are essentially used for land cover and vegetation classification. However, classes of interest are often imperfectly separable in the feature space provided by the spectral data. One of the most common attempts to improve image classification is the integration of ancillary data into classification. In this study, an approach for integrating topographic data into land cover classification is presented. Integration is basically through selection of training set in order to provide additional sensitivity to topographical characteristics associated with each land cover class in the study area. Topographic data including elevation, slope and aspect are tested for their correlation with land cover classes and correlated topographic data are used as input. Signatures from topographical data are assumed to represent the topographical preferences of land cover classes and are extracted with respect to the spatial position of spectral signatures from the remotely sensed...

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Valuing Groundwater Heritage: the Historic Wells of Kadıovacık

Geoheritage, 2021

Kocaeli̇ İzmi̇t İlçesi̇’Nde Parti̇kül Madde (PM2.5) Konsantrasyon Sevi̇yeleri̇, Mekânsal Ve Mevsi̇msel Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi

Değirmendere’nin CBS Tabanlı Deprem Risk ve Erişebilirlik Analizi

Resilience

Bu calismada, Degirmendere beldesinde, Cografi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) temelli, depreme yonelik af... more Bu calismada, Degirmendere beldesinde, Cografi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) temelli, depreme yonelik afet yonetimi zarar azaltma amaciyla bir sistem gelistirilmistir. Gelistirilen sistem icin oncelikle bolgede yapilmis olan calismalar, 17 Agustos 1999 depreminde bolgede olusan zararlar ve sebepleri incelenmis ve bolgede depremde yapilari etkileyen yerbilimleri verilerine dayanarak risk oranlari ve yerbilimleri verilerinin alt kategorilerinin etki oranlarina gore alt risk oranlari belirlenmistir. Bolgenin depreme yonelik tehlike analizinin yapmakta kullanilan bu verilerin CBS ortaminda degerlendirilebilmesi icin Analitik Hiyerarsik Surec (AHS) yontemi ile agirliklandirilmasi yapilmistir. Analiz birimi olarak ‘alan’ i esas alan diger CBS calismalardan farkli olarak, tum veriler, yapi birimlerinin oznitelik degeri olarak CBS ortamina aktarilmistir. Bolgede yasayan nufus ile ilgili demografik bilgiler Nufus Vatandaslik Genel Mudurlugu’nden elde edilmis ve yine yapilara ait veri olarak CBS ortamina aktarilmistir. Sonrasinda da CBS ortaminda tehlike analizleri yapilarak bolgedeki riskli yapilar ve risk oranlari belirlenmistir. Diger afet yonetimi calismalarindan farkli olarak, riskli yapilarda yasayan nufus verileri de degerlendirilmis ve bunlara yonelik onerilerde bulunulmustur.