Papers by Alaa A . Atiyah
Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ wa-al-tiknūlūǧiyā, Dec 23, 2022
Iraqi journal of mechanical and material engineering, 2014
IOP conference series, Feb 1, 2020
In this research, an experimental study of the properties of self-compacting mortar with Nano bla... more In this research, an experimental study of the properties of self-compacting mortar with Nano blast furnace slag has been done. Nano blast furnace slag was prepared and used as an additive to the self-compacting mortar in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) % by weights cementitious sustainable materials. Blast furnace slag was crushed and milled until achieving to Nano particle size, Nano particle size was provided and checked by Laser Particle Size Analysis, AFM, and FESEM. Self-compacting mortar was tested at 7, 28, and 90 days' age. Fresh properties of self-compacting mortar were determined by using mini flow table test and mini v-funnel test. The experimental results of selfcompacting mortar shown that the mechanical properties include compressive strength, flexural strength, and direct tensile strength were increased as Nano powder percentage increases. The physical properties such as total water absorption and porosity was decreased as a Nano powder percentage was increased. While the density of selfcompacting mortar increased as Nano powder percentage increase. The microstructure homogeneity and Nano powder distributions of self-compacting mortar were explained by using FESEM.
Industrial engineering & management, 2018
Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) have been investigated as one of the most full of promise smart materi... more Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) have been investigated as one of the most full of promise smart materials in multi applications. Among the commercially obtainable Shape Memory Alloys, nickel-titanium (Nitinol or NiTi) ones are wonderful due to their outstanding performance and reliability. In addition to strain recovery, (Ni-Ti) be an attraction in several medical applications due to its biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and fatigue behavior. Low range of transition temperature was the main challenges in the fabrication of these materials. A novel method was introduced to improve the range of transition temperatures by incorporating the shape memory effect into functionally graded materials concept. Therefore, industrialization and implementing of NiTi functionally graded materials made by a powder metallurgy method were carried out through the current work. Two samples with different seven layers of NiTi/NiTi functionally graded materials were compacted using steel die and punch at the same compacted pressure and different sintered temperature. After inspect the different samples of NiTi/NiTi functionally graded materials under different fabrication conditions, the suitability fabrication regime was determined with the aid of microscopic observations. These materials are designed to have gradual or abrupt Microstructural or compositional variations within the body in one piece of material, these samples have been produced by powder metallurgy approach and the effect of composition for each layer studied on the XRD.
The Journal of Engineering
Here, the eligibility of silicone rubber‐nanoceramic composites as flexible substrates for sub‐6 ... more Here, the eligibility of silicone rubber‐nanoceramic composites as flexible substrates for sub‐6 GHz 5G antennas is investigated. Two different composites are prepared using the solution mixing method, namely mono and hybrid composites. The reflection and transmission coefficient (S‐parameters) of composites are measured using a rectangular waveguide‐based transmission line technique in conjunction with a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) at C‐band frequencies (4–8 GHz). The Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) algorithm is adopted to extract the complex permittivity and loss tangent of the material under test. Due to the synergetic effect, the silicone rubber hybrid composite (0.12BiVO4+0.12LaNbO4) exhibits the advantage of a lowered loss tangent while retaining a good dielectric constant at 5.78 GHz. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed and simulated with CST software using 0.12BVO/0.12LNO/0.76SR composite as a substrate. Moreover, based on the simulation, the antenna with the propo...
IET Nanobiotechnology, 2019
Nanobiotechnology is a promising field concerned with the using of engineered nanomaterials, whic... more Nanobiotechnology is a promising field concerned with the using of engineered nanomaterials, which leads to the improvement of new human remedial against pathogenic bacteria modalities. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by an easy, cheap and low-cost electro-chemical method. The AgNPs were then loaded successfully on to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a modified chemical reaction process. The AgNPs on the MWCNTs were well spread and evenly distributed on the surfaces of the long nanotubes with well-graphitised walls as examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used for sample characterisation. Good dispersion of AgNPs was obtained on the surface of MWCNTs, resulting in an efficient reactivity of the carbon nanotubes surfaces. Finally, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs/MWCNTs hybrid was evaluated against two pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus exhibited excellent activity.
Materials & Design, 2009
Porous NiTi-shape memory alloy (SMA) is a promising biomaterial with desirable mechanical propert... more Porous NiTi-shape memory alloy (SMA) is a promising biomaterial with desirable mechanical property and appropriate biocompatibility for human implant manufacturing. In this research, porous NiTi-SMAs have been successfully produced by using thermohydrogen process (THP). This process has capability of production of homogenous structures, appropriate pore-size distributions and short sintering times. The THP-SMA samples produced in this research have a low Young's modulus (19.8 GPa) and a high tensile strength of 255 MPa. These properties are close to those of the natural bone and can meet the mechanical property demands of the hard-tissue implants for heavy load-bearing applications. The samples produced exhibit sufficient thermoelastic effect distinguished by a 1.2% mean recoverable strain.
Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ wa-al-tiknūlūǧiyā, Sep 1, 2014
Functionally graded materials (FGMs), with ceramic and metallic constituents, are frequently used... more Functionally graded materials (FGMs), with ceramic and metallic constituents, are frequently used for tremendous high temperature applications. In this paper, six sets of FGMs samples were designed and fabricated using powder technology technique. All FGMs were sorted according to the conditions of sintering (i.e. temperature and time). The ceramic constituents were represented by (Al 2 O 3) and the metallic constituents were represented by (Ni).It is found that as the sintering temperature and time increased, the apparent density was increased and porosity was reduced. (F-FGM, sintered at 1350°C for 3 hrs.) sample seems to impart high and slight linear graded microhardness across the layers without any obvious jumps throughout the thickness. The interfacial microhardness values were found very close to the bulk microhardness of adjacent layers. The reason behind such behavior is the minimum porosities and improved apparent density due to the efficient sintering practices (i.e. 1350°C and 3 hrs.) and uniform mutual diffusion of (Ni) and (Al 2 O 3) particles across the layer interfaces. As the sintering time and temperature increase, the microstructure becomes much denser and the interfaces become more homogeneous that lead to eliminate the discontinuity in microstructure. A Finite element method throughout the COMSOL Multiphysicswas used extensively in estimation of temperature distribution through the thickness as well as residual stresses that induced as a result of high temperature loading of fabricated FGM. The model also shows aclear fluctuation of stresses along the thickness that imparts a development of stress concentration regions near the interfaces of layers, especially at the lower half region of FGM that was enriched by (Ni). Stresses clearly become normal variables with thickness at the upper half of FGM that enriched with (Al 2 O 3).
Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2014
This paper presents the fabrication, characterization, and modeling of electrodynamic microactuat... more This paper presents the fabrication, characterization, and modeling of electrodynamic microactuators. The actuators are piston-type devices, each comprising of a circular flexible polydimethylsiloxane membrane, a multi-turn Cu coil, and an integrated powder-based NdFeB permanent magnet. The devices are fully batch-fabricated in a single wafer using only three masks. Ranging in diameter from 2.5 to 5.2 mm, three different device designs are quasi-statically and dynamically characterized for their electromechanical performance. The resonant frequencies of the three actuators range from 224 to 820 Hz. The maximum displacements span from 4 to 64 μm for an input power ranging from 250 to 525 mW. The experimental results are supported by a parametric lumped element model of the transducer.
Engineering and Technology Journal
The maximum compressive strength of the bioglass scaffold was found to be about 5.6M Pa. The pr... more The maximum compressive strength of the bioglass scaffold was found to be about 5.6M Pa. The prepared scaffold of bioglass has open porosity and interconnection ranging from about 75 to 78 %. The glass scaffolds can be considered promising for bone defects and replacement applications. Bioglass offers a variety of uses for tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility and chemical composition, similar to a mineral portion of the body. The synthesis of bioglass 13-93 scaffold was achieved by salt leaching technique, and potassium chloride (KCl) was used as porogen with particle sizes of (200-250) μm. Then, sintering to 750 •C for around 1 hour was performed. The resultant materials were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They were immersed in a solution of simulated body fluids (SBF) for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Initially, calcium phosphate was created. After 7 and 14 days, the surface comprised of developed crystalline apatite. The bioactivity of scaffolds that were created and examined. The FTIR, SEM , and XRD experiments were done before and after immersion of the sample in SBF. The results showed that the scaffolds contained open and interconnected pores with porosities ranging between (75-78%). The maximum value of compressive strength of the prepared scaffold was about 5.6M Pa. Based on the obtained results, the glass scaffolds can be considered promising for bone defects and replacement applications.
Engineering and Technology Journal
This work includes the design and preparation of a(Low carbon steel / AL 2 O 3) stepwise function... more This work includes the design and preparation of a(Low carbon steel / AL 2 O 3) stepwise functionally graded crown part of an internal combustion engine piston. Powder technology technique, has been studied to improve engine thermal efficiency by creating semi adiabatic combustion chambers, where ceramic phase facing the hot combustion gases, while metallic phase assembling with other parts of the piston. Finite element method ABAQUS program had been used to minimize nucleated residual stresses generated under fabrication process and service work conditions by designing the compositional graded of stepwise FGM within specific dimensions, in addition to temperature distribution across FGM thickness. Then the fabricated specimens had SEM imaging, physical and mechanical property inspection. The results also show that linear transition from metal to ceramic structure can provide minimum residual stresses under all conditions, using stepwise FGM can improve engine heat efficiency by doubling the crown surface temperature,(622) ºC, comparing with steel crown, (322) ºC, under the same applied heat flux. Physical inspections show limited relative density, (48.5) %, with high total porosity structure, (53.3) %, can be performed by this fabrication method. Mechanical tests results show that the layers" hardness increase with increasing ceramic content, and decrease with increasing pores percentage. Compression test shows the ability of suggested stepwise FGM to withstand service work stresses of combustion chamber without failure.
Engineering and Technology Journal
In this paper, the properties of high performance concretes modified by polymer were studied. Liq... more In this paper, the properties of high performance concretes modified by polymer were studied. Liquid synthetic styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was added (5%, 10% and 15%) by weight of cement to high performance concrete (HPC) to elucidate the effect of the polymer additive to their properties. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, porosity, dry density and total water absorption were measured. Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat of HPC is also measured. In addition, SEM micrographs are compared reference and polymer modified HPC. The results show that there is an improvement in the workability for HPC after the addition of the polymer. Furthermore, the density of the set concrete was increased and both the porosity, total water absorption was decreased. Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat show improvement after polymer addition, which indicate better endurance. The SBR modified HPC, exhibits a significant improvement in splitting tensile strength and flexural strength, although it was at the expense of the compressive strength to some extent. The HPC has shown balanced microstructure before and after the addition of polymer, although they noticed improved on the ductile properties.
International Conference of Chemistry and Petrochemical Techniques (ICCPT)
In this research, a polyurethane sponge replication method was used to create porous three-dimens... more In this research, a polyurethane sponge replication method was used to create porous three-dimensional dimensional 13-93 bioactive glass scaffolds with a microstructural similar to human cancellous bone. Fabricated bioactive glass scaffolds were characterized through structural and morphological analysis, mechanical tests, and in vitro biological analysis. The compression strength of 60 wt. % bioactive glass loaded scaffold was 3.6 MPa, with a porosity about of 83% on sintering at 800°C. 13-93 bio-glass scaffolds were soaked in simulated body fluid for in vitro studies (SBF). After 7, 14, and 21 days of in vitro experiments, FESEM images & XRD patterns proved the bioactivity of the synthetic 13-93 bio-glass by forming a thick and clear hydroxyapatite layer on its surface. The results of the study show that 13-93 porous scaffolds made from sponge replicas are successful in treating humans maxillary bone loss.
International Conference of Chemistry and Petrochemical Techniques (ICCPT)
Hydroxyapatite offers a variety of uses for tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility a... more Hydroxyapatite offers a variety of uses for tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility and chemical composition that is similar to a mineral portion of the body. Because porous hydroxyapatite does have a large surface area, it has good resorbability and osteoconductivity, allowing for rapid bone ingrowth. Using the salt leaching process, porous hydroxyapatite (HA) /polyethylene glycol (PEG) composite scaffolds were prepared and potassium chloride (KCl) is being used as porogen with particle sizes of (200-250) μm. A three-dimensional scaffold of interconnected high porosities, ideal for bone regeneration and vascularization, is described in the materials and manufacturing technique. Tensile testing, and EDX, XRD, FTIR were utilized to investigate the mechanical and chemical properties of the 3dimensional scaffolds. SEM was also used to examine a surface morphology of a scaffold. The apparent porosity was determined. After sintering at 1250 o C for 2 hours, the scaffolds had open and interconnected pores having porosities ranged from 72 to 75 percent, according to the results. The prepared scaffold's compressive strength maximum values were found to be around 5.3 MPa. To test the bioactivity of the synthesized scaffold, it was immersed inside a solution of simulated body fluid (S B F). The produced scaffold shows good bioactivity in vitro experiments. The hydroxyapatite scaffold's characteristics may make it an excellent choice for tissue engineering applications, especially those that don't require any loading.
Journal of University of Babylon, 2018
Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 2018
This work is a study of the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on electrophoretic deposition) EP... more This work is a study of the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on electrophoretic deposition) EPD) of alumina and zirconia particles. The effect of polyethylene glycol as a binder material and the toluene as a dielectric liquid, on the pH of suspension, the final thickness and green density of the deposed parts were studied. There was a difference in the behavior of polyethylene glycol when added for the alumina suspension and the zirconia suspension. The increase in polyethylene glycol was useful to deposit the zirconia more than alumina. The pH for both alumina and zirconia suspension increases with the increase of polyethylene glycol content and with the addition of toluene due to increase of the OHconcentration in the suspension. This increase of pH enhances the particle surface charge and enhances the deposition rate, which led to the increase of density of the deposit.
Journal of University of Babylon, 2018
Measurements of heat affected zone width for multi high carbon steel joint in case of single and ... more Measurements of heat affected zone width for multi high carbon steel joint in case of single and double pass arc welded have been studied. These measurements are carried out in accompanying of hardness and microstructural observations. Knowing that, high carbon steel has a poor weld ability and most of welding processes are carried out for repairing components. It is found that a preheating was a very important parameter in identifying the width of heat-affected zone. Preheating the joint at 450°C was found to gives less width heat affected zone (i.e.5.93mm) in the case of single pass welding practices. While, in the case of double pass welding, the heat affected zone becomes wider because the excessive heating during welding cycle. The double pass welding has coarsening the structure of first pass. Microscopic observations indicated that the structure of HAZ of high carbon steel was mainly lath martensite (ML) under the condition of lower weld heat input.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
Al-13Si alloy microstructure affected by separate additions of Nano-Metal-Phosphate, prepared by ... more Al-13Si alloy microstructure affected by separate additions of Nano-Metal-Phosphate, prepared by die-casting, to synchronize refine eutectic Si and modify eutectic Al is studied. The nucleation and growth mechanisms of the Si phase are discussed via morphology and kinetics analysis. The effects point out that the measurement of eutectic Si is refined to 0.37-2.46 μm and the morphology of the large platelet eutectic Si particles had been modified into the fine fibrous shape. The technique synchronizing consequences of Nano-Metal-Phosphate is related to the AlP and Al2O3 formation. These consist of the following, the impact of Al2O3 at the interfaced between the Al segment and Si particles for obstacle the growth and enhance the refinement of the eutectic Si. The impact of AlP acts to locate of heterogeneous nucleation for eutectic Si, consisting of three aspects: interaction of dopant elements with molten Al-Si alloy to shape the nucleation site with reducing the interface energy bet...
Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2020
This study investigates how microstructure and chemistry effects by Nano-Metal-Phosphate and the ... more This study investigates how microstructure and chemistry effects by Nano-Metal-Phosphate and the kinetics of growth passive layer and passivity breakdown. Additionally, the passive layer germination behavior on aluminum alloy 1050 with anticorrosive properties. The passive layer is an alloying method which allows an aluminum oxide to germinate. Morphologically and structurally, the aluminum oxide films were characterized using microscopy analyzes and XRD analysis. Results indicated that the reinforcements are well distributed and the grin size is downy. Corrosion behavior tested by Cyclic polarization exam and done at room temperature in (3.5 per cent NaCl) solution. The reinforcement increased the hardness for processed aluminum from Hv81.1 to HV=120.492 as castings. The parameter Nano-Metal-Phosphate has attenuated the current density of corrosion (7.15μA / cm2) compared to the as-cast sample results.
Journal of University of Babylon, Dec 21, 2017
Electrophoretic deposition (EDP) is gaining increasing attention both in science and industry bec... more Electrophoretic deposition (EDP) is gaining increasing attention both in science and industry because this method has allowed the formation of thin films or multilayer films of controlled thickness and morphology. The method enables the formation of films on substrates of complex geometry that suits for various applications. This work is a study the effect of polyethylene glycol as a binder-suspension agent, the amount the solid loading (alumina particles), and the effect of the toluene as a dielectric liquid, on the pH of suspension, the final thickness and green density of the deposed parts. It has been shown that a certain amount of polyethylene glycol when added to ethanol or ethanol-30%toluene has given good results for both the green density and the thickness.
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Papers by Alaa A . Atiyah