Basta Tarantelle Danilo Gatto
Basta Tarantelle Danilo Gatto
Basta Tarantelle Danilo Gatto
Danilo Gatto
Basta Tarantelle
Antropologia della nuova musica popolare
Copyright MMXIV
ARACNE editrice int.le S.r.l.
www.aracneeditrice.it
[email protected]
via Quarto Negroni, 15
00040 Ariccia (RM)
(06) 93781065
isbn 978-88-548-xxxx-x
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Indice!
Capitolo VII
Le fazzolettine
117
Capitolo VIII
Tra gesto scultoreo michelangiolesco e pennellino fine
raffaellita
131
Capitolo IX
Calabriasona
143
Capitolo X
Dalla musica popolare al teatro popolare
173
Appendice
Lettera al Consiglio Comunale di Isca sullo Jonio
179
Postfazione
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Prefazione!
La cultura popolare sta nella memoria, nella narrazione e nella musica che i sopravvissuti hanno portato con s, e che non ha necessariamente a che fare con la festa. La cultura popolare, come spiega
Lombardi Satriani citato anche da Danilo Gatto, si porta dietro gemme
e detriti. A Roma, i baraccati calabresi del Borghetto Prenestino adattavano alla lotta per la casa la canzone del pellegrinaggio al Santuario
di Polsi luogo di ritualit, di musica, di danza, e di ndrangheta. Una
signora calabrese emigrata alla borgata Casalotti a Roma cantava meravigliose antiche ballate (Il testamento dellavvelenato: si canta in
Calabria come in Louisiana, in Lombardia come in Scozia) e uno
stornello che dice arsira me maritu mi minau; un barbiere calabrese di
San Basilio ci ha insegnato Se tu ti fai monaca, e una canzone da cantastorie su un femminicidio di famiglia. Ettore Castagna, ricercatore e
musicista di Re Niliu (da cui, tra laltro, proviene lo stesso Danilo
Gatto) anche lautore di un serio libro su un genere di musica del
Sud molto popolare oggi in Germania le canzoni della ndrangheta.
Per fortuna, c molto di pi. Susanna Cerboni, del Circolo Gianni
Bosio, ha registrato a Guardavalle e Caulonia le canzoni delle occupazioni delle terre e delle lotte contadine (chiss se nei tanti festival di
questi ultimi anni qualcuno ricorda ancora Melissa o la Repubblica
Rossa di Caulonia?). Io ho incontrato a Cardeto signore ormai novantenni che ancora ricordavano le canzoni che avevano cantato per Alan
Lomax negli anni Cinquanta; e ho incontrato un ragazzo di 18 anni, a
Roma per studio e in Calabria con la mente e il cuore, che recitava
con commozione e orgoglio i nomi dei grandi suonatori popolari di
Catanzaro e dintorni da cui aveva imparato lorganetto, la zampogna e
la voce suonatori i cui nomi non ho ritrovato, per ora, nel programma di nessun festival degli ultimi cinque o sei anni.
Molti anni fa Luigi Stiffani, violinista salentino che suonava per liberare le tarantate del suo paese da quegli stati modificati di coscienza che i nuovi adepti avidamente cercano, scriveva nella sua auto-
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Introduzione!
14 !
https://www.facebook.com/daniele.sepe.18/posts/505671429518889.
Introduzione
15
allinsofferenza in giro nei vari festival per chi solo accenni una
qualche melodia o giro armonico senza la cassa in 42.
Alla fine, la tarantella finalmente diventata di massa, anche in
Calabria, dopo esserlo stata, a rimorchio della pizzica, a Milano, Bologna, Firenze, Roma o Venezia (era lanno 2000 quando chiudemmo
il Marted Grasso in Piazza San Marco3, con 30.000 persone a ballare
la tarantella!), ma limpressione personale che questespansione di
saltelli, a qualunque costo e in ogni forma, non si traduca in nessun
modo, per la Calabria, in un valore aggiunto. Al di l infatti di un generico richiamo turistico sempre pi frammentato e diluito in decine
di rivoli, senza un progetto organico4 che lo sostenga, la nostra regione vive da alcuni anni una regressione vertiginosa: ha perso 100.000
persone nellultimo decennio, non ha pi giovani, che partono per studio o per lavoro e non ritornano, e retrocede in tutte le classifiche europee, diventando, giorno dopo giorno, una terra senza futuro, senza
opportunit, sempre pi schiava di politicanti di basso livello, il cui
orizzonte non va oltre il campanile neanche del paese ma del quartiere,
colpevolmente alleati per un grumo di potere al peggiore egoismo
proprietario e prenditoriale che ha nella Lega Nord la sua pi evidente
espressione culturale e politica.
Lacquisizione di una propria identit culturale non ha quindi significato in alcun modo un progresso sociale, un qualche tipo di miglioramento civile, e neanche economico: in tutti questi anni nel territorio
calabrese non sorta nessuna azienda, nessuna agenzia capace di gestire neppure un prodotto gi confezionato e con fatturati da 800.0001.000.000 di euro lanno, andando anzi a distruggere le esperienze locali e rivolgendosi a confortevoli, rassicuranti e non-interferenti imprese extra-regione, nel colpevole disinteresse dei grandi promoter ca2
Introduzione!
16 !
labresi, professionalmente distratti e culturalmente incapaci di intercettare lunico grande filone attualmente posizionato sul mercato.
Insomma, la sensazione che tutta questa abbuffata di tarantelle,
come nel pi pantagruelico dei pranzi, alla fine non possa, per quantit e qualit del cibo ingerito, che lasciare al commensale un senso di
nausea da indigestione, con tanto di rigetto e voglia di chiudere radio,
televisioni locali e piazze, per andare a disintossicarsi parafrasando
un Guccini dannata:
I geni musicali preannunciati dai giornali / hanno officiato e i sacri versi hanno cantato; / le lire impazziscono, sogni e malattie guariscono, / son poeti,
santi, taumaturghi e vati: / con gioia e tremore li seguo / dal fondo della mia
citt, / poi chiusa la soglia do sfogo / alla mia turpe voglia... ascolto Bach!5
F. GUCCINI, Via Paolo Fabbri 43, da Via Paolo Fabbri 43, EMI Italiana, 1976.
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20
la Nuova Compagnia di Canto Popolare, autentico monumento di autorevolezza e di stile, e Musicanova, che viveva il suo momento di
maggiore successo), cercando di dar vita ad una calabresit per la quale mancavano i riferimenti.
La scelta del nome rappresentava gi un programma: Re Niliu era
un piccolo re di cera di una fiaba popolare diffusa nel centro della Calabria, un re ricchissimo ma costretto da una maledizione a vivere in
una grotta3, perch alla luce del sole si sarebbe squagliato. La figura
del Re Niliu ben rappresentava, perci, limmagine della musica popolare calabrese: uno straordinario tesoro, appunto, ma costretto a stare nascosto, cio a non poter essere conosciuto n goduto. E il gruppo
voleva tirarlo fuori da quella grotta.
La chiave per intraprendere la direzione giusta fu da subito solo e
soltanto una: la ricerca sul campo e il contatto con i maestri della tradizione, contatto a volte occasionale, in cui il successo era rappresentato dalla possibilit di effettuare una registrazione e avere a disposizione nuovi materiali, molto pi spesso continuo e intenso, dal quale
non solo scaturiva una fonte straordinaria di insegnamento e di conoscenze, ma soprattutto un rapporto umano e daffetti ricchissimo, in
alcuni casi continuato con le seconde e terze generazioni di suonatori.
La ricerca sul campo era una scelta metodologica, una precisa impostazione culturale ma anche una necessit: non erano disponibili,
come invece oggi con internet, gli accessi agli archivi sonori, e sulla
Calabria esistevano in circolazione - e comunque di difficoltosa reperibilit solo alcuni brani (molti neanche completi) allinterno di alcune pubblicazioni dellAlbatros, e due monografie della Fonit Cetra4.
Per il resto bisognava spostarsi a Roma o presso qualche universit
3
La grotta del Monte di Tiriolo, da cui provenivano due dei fondatori, Francesco Forgione e Gino Parisi. Gli altri componenti saranno Sergio Di Giorgio, Ettore Castagna,
Goffredo Plastino ed Emilio Rinaldo, cui si aggiunger quasi subito Danilo Gatto, e dopo
qualche tempo e qualche avvicendamento, Salvatore Megna.
4
Per una rassegna (non aggiornata) sullargomento vedi, tra gli altri, R. TUCCI, La ricerca etnomusicologia in Calabria. Le raccolte degli archivi pubblici nazionali, AMA
Calabria, Lamezia Terme 1998; o anche il mio Suonare la tradizione. Manuale di musica
popolare calabrese, Rubbettino, Soveria Mannelli 2007.
21
per poter ascoltare registrazioni adeguate, e quindi, le fonti, non restava che andarsele a cercare direttamente.
Vorrei per un attimo provare a fare un salto allindietro al mainstream non solo dei primi, ma di tutti gli anni Ottanta: Dallas, Dinasty,
Rambo, il mito dei nuovi manager, gli stilisti, la Milano da bere (in
realt da rubare), i socialisti rampanti e modernizzanti; e ancora: le
Timberland, Colpo Grosso, Sposer Simon Le Bon. Dei giovani di 1820 anni che invece di andare in discoteca o occuparsi di design passavano il tempo con vecchi zampognari, contadini e pastori, a parlare di
processioni, di quando e dove era meglio tagliare la canna, o delle differenze tra come si cantava a Palmi o a Bagnara, erano per lepoca dei
singolari mattacchioni, a met strada tra lo snob e lo sfigato - come
avrebbe detto tecnicamente un celebre viceministro - in sostanza dei
pesci fuor dacqua. Unica luce in questo panorama desolante, ma fondamentale come un faro che si illumina improvvisamente nella notte
indicando lapprodo, luscita di Creuza de m nel 1984, che irrompe
controcorrente nel mercato discografico dischiudendo ad un pubblico
distratto gli orizzonti della musica etnica mediterranea5. Da l in avanti, la strada aperta da Fabrizio De Andr cambia la percezione della
musica popolare anche a livello locale, e va a incontrarsi in Italia con
la parallela scoperta dei dialetti da parte delle posse e dei gruppi di
ragamuffin, in Europa con la nascente world music che Peter Gabriel
lancia nel 1989 con la fondazione della sua etichetta Real World Records e le diverse edizioni del WOMAD Festival (World Of Music,
Arts and Dance), che con i suoi appuntamenti itineranti aveva creato
di fatto un nuovo pubblico e una nuova tendenza internazionale.
Senonch questi ragazzi di Catanzaro, per una serie di congiunzioni astrali, avevano gi autonomamente acquisito una notoriet internazionale: dopo un solo anno di vita il Re Niliu faceva la sua prima
5
Lundicesimo disco di Fabrizio De Andr, scritto a due mani con Mauro Pagani, a
detta di molti valgano per tutti i pareri di David Byrne e della rivista Rolling Stones
un capolavoro assoluto, e arriva come una novit straordinaria nel panorama della musica
italiana ed europea, innanzitutto per la scelta di usare un dialetto, il genovese che diventa
nelle mani di De Andr lingua poetica duttilissima e raffinata, e poi per la scelta degli
strumenti etnici, con sonorit che per la prima volta vengono trattate come materia artistica pura, sganciata dal suo contesto filologico e reimpiegata in unopera fortemente innovativa.
55
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e
24
nellincapacit di padroneggiarli prendono inevitabilmente il sopravvento, trasformando ci che si ritiene popolare molto pi semplicemente in pop.
Infine, Re Niliu stato uno straordinario produttore e diffusore di
conoscenze9. Senza la ricerca svolta dai suoi membri, senza lo studio
e soprattutto la sua riproposizione nei concerti, alla fine dei quali si
avvicinava sempre qualcuno per domandare qualche notizia in pi su
quello strano strumento mai visto prima, sarebbe rimasta nelloblio
nel quale era relegata la lira, che oggi licona forse pi nota della
musica calabrese, immancabile nellorganico praticamente di ogni
gruppo, adottata finanche come marchio dalla Regione Calabria quale
Contrassegno di Origine e Qualit rilasciato ad alcune aziende artigiane dal Comitato Regionale per la tutela e valorizzazione
dellartigianato artistico e tradizionale ai sensi dellart. 9 L.R.15/02.
9
Nel 1984 infatti, allo scopo di separare lattivit musicale dalla ricerca etnografica,
che era giusto seguisse una strada autonoma, i componenti del Re Niliu daranno vita, insieme ad altre persone con comuni interessi, alla Cooperativa Raffaele Lombardi Satriani (in seguito Med Media), che produsse nel corso degli anni unimportante mole di documentazione audiovisiva sulla musica e la cultura popolare, oltre ad iniziative editoriali e
di animazione culturale.
Capitolo 2
1e
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,""$( C00,"0,L( &( ,"%.-,( ,**W$"$;$.( #&$( D.F,"0,L( "."( +.*.( "."( P,**,F,(
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27
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30
Capitolo II
c bisogno infatti di esperti, di specialisti, o di studiare adeguatamente. E c soprattutto, senza bisogno di ulteriori approfondimenti analitici, il motivo della totale, fallimentare inadeguatezza - ahim, tanto a
destra quanto a sinistra - delle classi dirigenti locali, senza lungimiranza, senza cultura, senza visione dinsieme. Della tradizione popolare costoro hanno compreso e apprezzato soltanto un modo di dire, diventato negli anni lunica ideologia politica ancora in auge: jocara a
futtacumpagnu, la cui traduzione in pratica rappresentata dalla rincorsa, affannosa e insulsa, ai pennacchi, cui corrisponde sempre e regolarmente un costoso e inutile raddoppio, triplicazione, o semplicemente un furto al vicino5.
E cos, la maggior parte dei corsi che vengono svolti oggi penso si
possa dire che non abbiano pi alcuna valenza formativa, sono completamente sganciati dalla cultura del luogo, sono ridotti a pura tecnica esecutiva, senza alcuna consapevolezza n di contenuti, n di storia
n di stile. Prova ne sia che gli stessi passi vengono adoperati dai ballerini-massa6 su qualsiasi ritmo vagamente terzinato, nellassenza di
5
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Da Verzino a Badolato
37
Questi intenti hanno poi trovato, nel corso del tempo, anche una conferma istituzionale: il Sindaco di Caulonia promuove con orgoglio il proprio comune nel mondo come
il paese che balla, mentre il Consiglio Comunale di SantAndrea ha approvato una delibera nella quale lo stesso si riconosce come il paese della zampogna a chiave, nonostante le famiglie di eccellenti suonatori siano tutte emigrate in Piemonte e non ci sia pi alcun laboratorio operante.
6
Questo il comunicato stampa di presentazione della prima edizione: Dal 18 al 24
agosto si svolger a Caulonia (RC), uno dei pi affascinanti borghi medievali della costa
jonica calabrese, una rassegna didattica dedicata allo studio della danza e della musica
popolare della regione.
2e
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Da Verzino a Badolato
39
ranti nelle piazzette del borgo, senza palco, amplificazione minima due microfoni e due casse - tenuti da suonatori tradizionali accompagnati da ballerini del proprio paese scelti da loro stessi7. Solo lultima
sera un classico concerto, sempre con la musica del Sud.
Il pubblico di Caulonia allinizio sconcertato. Le persone si presentavano la sera portandosi le sedie da casa, pensando di assistere a
uno spettacolo di qualche tipo, e protestando se qualcuno copriva la
visuale. Ma per noi non cera niente da vedere, era assurdo osservare
una festa, noi volevamo suscitare partecipazione, che si riprendessero
la propria musica, insomma che ballassero! Loro invece continuavano
a guardare da lontano, erano troppi anni che non si vedeva pi ballare
una tarantella in piazza, e di suonatori nel paese non cera pi nessuno,
forse qualcuno nelle frazioni. Dovremo ringraziare a lungo i ventidue
iscritti della prima edizione, specialmente il gruppo di Roma, che ritorner poi per quattro anni di seguito, perch senza di loro, a mettere
in pratica ci che avevano imparato nel pomeriggio, a divertirsi e a
dare lesempio ai calabresi, lesperimento sarebbe probabilmente fallito e finito l. Fatto sta che il concerto finale con Musicanova un successo inaspettato e quindi tutta lAmministrazione abbraccia definitivamente il progetto, e soprattutto abbraccia Bennato, per gli anni successivi.
Nel frattempo per un cambiamento era gi accaduto, apparentemente un aggiustamento nominalistico, in effetti di natura profonda,
sostanziale, che avr conseguenze definitive come vedremo non solo
per il Festival, ma per tutta levoluzione della musica in Calabria e nel
Meridione: Bennato decide di trasformare Tarantella Power in Taranta Power, con ci operando uno spostamento copernicano se non
dizione. Gli spostamenti successivi di obiettivi e finalit, nel corso dei quali avverranno
anche rotture e traumi, saranno determinati in parte dal successo stesso della manifestazione, che costringer tutti a modificare dimensioni e modalit organizzative, maggiormente dallintervento di esigenze e interessi che invece di convergere finiranno per confliggere.
7
Questo il programma dei concerti della prima edizione: 18 agosto: Serata a ballo con
I Giganti; 19: Serenate alla chitarra battente con i cantori di Badolato; 20: Serata a ballo
con le Valje di Cervicati; 21: Zampogna night; 22: Festa a ballo con i musicisti rom calabresi; 23: Festa a ballo con i musicisti dellarea grecanica calabrese; 24: Concerto di Folia,
Agor, Phaleg, Eugenio Bennato e Musicanova.
7=
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Da Verzino a Badolato
41
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61
dacare su chi debba fare il primo violino. Non penso ci siano dubbi in
proposito.
Cosa significa dunque tutto ci e perch invece avvenuto e avviene con la tarantella? Perch a dispetto dei tanti proclami sulla valorizzazione della cultura popolare, si ritenuto, e si continua a ritenere
in modo diffuso, che su di essa chiunque abbia titolo a intervenire a
differenza che in altri campi del sapere e dellarte perch non c bisogno di competenze o di professionalit specifiche: in ultima analisi,
perch si tratta di un campo, come dice la parola stessa, popolare, cio
appartenente a tutti, ed inutile insistere sulla complessit dei linguaggi o la variet dei piani di lettura dei fenomeni sociali legati alla
cultura delle classi subalterne3, perch il loro statuto , inutile negarlo,
differente dagli altri, ovverossia, inferiore.
Nella cattiva coscienza della cultura al potere vi limpossibilit o la non volont di vedere la cultura subalterna alla pari di quella egemone per la cui
analisi esistono storici della letteratura, dellarte, della musica,
dellarchitettura, specialisti delle scienze naturali, delleconomia, etc. [] La
cultura subalterna viene vista, cio, come qualcosa di talmente limitato e afferrabile, da non essere degna di analisi specialistiche, ma soltanto di analisi
globali che proprio in quanto tali non possono che essere generiche, ma della
cui genericit la cultura al potere mostra di non rendersi conto4.
62
Capitolo V
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11
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69
una parte la parte di Bennato perch molto pi comodo e rassicurante prendersela con i Savoia e i depredatori del Nord, piuttosto che
con le scellerate, devastanti e incancellabili corresponsabilit delle
classi dirigenti del Sud, che in questo modo vengono automaticamente
assolte, ma per le quali non si pu fare altro che riesumare la vetusta e
deprecabile categoria del tradimento.
Gi una volta s tentato di ucciderla! Alla fine degli anni 50 la tarantella
divenne musica tamarra, espressione di un popolo sconfitto. La tarantella non
mai stata ballo e musica delle classi dominanti ma di popolo. Si ballava nei
greti dei torrenti, nelle cantine, negli spiazzi, nei matrimoni popolari. Una
musica che odora di vino, di coltello, di libert, di rivolta. Un popolo sconfitto non poteva avere n lingua, n arte, n musica, n ballo. In discussione
non un festival. Il festival poca cosa. Il festival pu essere tollerato, anzi
incoraggiato se privo di uno spessore culturale e politico. Altra cosa se prende consapevolezza di s e decolla un progetto politico e culturale. Allora bisogna ucciderlo. Non entro, n mi tocca entrare nel merito dei percorsi amministrativi. Sono troppo vecchio per non sapere come si gestiscono queste
cose a livello regionale e provinciale. So che la provincia ha deliberato per
una serata in una caserma di Reggio Calabria 160mila euro. So che la Regione spende fondi ingenti per eventi di discutibilissimo valore e slegati dal nostro Territorio. La tarantella altra cosa. Si sposa con la nostra cultura, si coniuga con la rivolta delle classi subalterne! La tarantella come il dialetto,
contribuiscono ad esprimere lanima di un popolo! la musica del riscatto
dellorgoglio meridionale. Musica di scugnizzi, ballo di picciotti, di braccianti e di massari, odora di lavoro, di allegria, freschezza popolare, di rivolta ai
soprusi. [] Amo il mio paese. Amo quella parte che odora di dignit, di
schiena dritta, di testa alta, di fierezza. La Calabria terra di orgoglio sopito! Non amo i vigliacchi, gli ipocriti, i furbastri, i cinici. Uomini con la
schiena di ricotta. Onore a quanti, partendo dagli amministratori comunali, da
esponenti del mondo politico e culturale, pur di salvare il festival hanno messo le mani nelle proprie tasche. Onore a Caulonia, alla Locride, alla Calabria
espressione di mai sopita fierezza e di antico orgoglio! Onore agli intellettuali calabresi che hanno firmato lappello per la salvaguardia del KTF e saranno presenti al festival insieme a Pino Aprile. Il popolo canter anche questo
anno brani che valgono un trattato: Alla festa di nessuni senza servi n patruni. Alla festa i tutti quanti senza diavuli e senza santi... Questa la societ che noi vogliamo costruire12.
12
70
Capitolo V
G. ALBANESE, cit., p. 7.
Pasquale Cavallaro, sindaco comunista di Caulonia nel 1945, protagonista
dellinsurrezione che diede vita alla breve esperienza della Repubblica Rossa di
Caulonia.
14
71
Non a caso una richiesta dello stesso tipo, sia pure con stile diverso,
veniva avanzata dal nuovo direttore artistico un paio danni prima,
con un appello in prima pagina sul Quotidiano della Calabria18:
Penso che il Kaulonia Tarantella Festival debba sviluppare un suo specifico,
ed individuo questa peculiarit in un percorso che metta in evidenza le risorse artistiche del territorio, sia per quanto riguarda i depositari della tradizione,
sia per quanto riguarda la sperimentazione musicale dei nuovi musicisti calabresi legati alla musica etnica: in questo senso ledizione del 2009 stata una
tappa fondamentale di questo percorso. Nellapprestarmi a pubblicare un
15
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73
molto pi vicini alla pizzica salentina che non alla pulsazione che questi ragazzi potrebbero ancora ascoltare in una qualunque delle feste
tradizionali in Calabria.
La musica calabrese ha perso la sua occasione storica perch un
progetto tarantella non c mai stato, essendo divenuto da subito il
progetto taranta, e in quella direzione si ci sono messi praticamente
tutti, e chi cercava di indicare unaltra via veniva messo da parte. E
mentre a Melpignano si discuteva con lIstituto Diego Carpitella, si
creava la Fondazione per il Festival, unorchestra, un coordinamento
fra i comuni, un brand diventato poi universalmente limmagine del
Salento, e la Regione Puglia lanciava il progetto Puglia Sound diventando un potentissimo centro di attrazione per gli artisti di tutta Italia e
di straordinaria propulsione per i gruppi pugliesi, a Caulonia si discuteva solo della presenza di Bennato, in un dibattito seriale degno di
Beckett, la Regione Calabria lanciava un bando triennale sugli eventi
storicizzati che di fatto mandava in crisi tutti i festival provocandone
finanche la scomparsa di alcuni, e discuteva in commissione cultura
una proposta di legge a sostegno dei gruppi folkloristici19. Intanto
promuoveva se stessa prima con Gattuso che chiede il cuore, poi attraverso un imbarazzante spot coi due Bronzi di Riace animati20, resuscitati per loccasione dal penoso letto di contenzione nel quale sono
stati costretti per tre anni, prima di poter traslocare al nuovo Museo
Nazionale di Reggio Calabria.
In Calabria non c stata nessuna azione di sistema, perch non ha
trovato spazio nessun pensiero di sistema, si discute di distretti culturali, di parchi letterari e tematici, di consorzi di promozione, di attrattori culturali, si investono fondi regionali ed europei, che sommati tutti assieme arrivano a diverse decine di milioni di euro lasse V del
POR 2007-2013, dal titolo Risorse naturali, culturali e turismo sostenibile disegna scenari virtuosi, perfetti nella mente di chi li ha pensati
19
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1
106
Capitolo VII
Ora proviamo un attimo a osservare il panorama dei gruppi musicali calabresi chiedendoci se esista al loro interno un ruolo per le donne e quale esso sia. Osservandoli tutti, troviamo solo pochissime musiciste su qualche centinaio di componenti, qualche cantante, e invece
una presenza ormai costante, fissa e ripetitiva, che la ballerina.
Devo ad Angelo Maggio e al suo gruppo fb dalleloquente nome di
Pulp Folk la definizione di fazzolettine3, ovvero la versione etnica
delle veline. In effetti, qual il loro ruolo nelleconomia dello spettacolo? Si muovono per lo pi con passi da neopizzica, al massimo potremmo dire da neotarantella, con movenze che ricordano la riggitana
(lo stile pi gettonato grazie agli innumerevoli corsi che hanno privilegiato questa fra le tante versioni possibili) applicata su qualunque
ritmo terzinato (in alcuni casi su qualunque ritmo a prescindere), indipendentemente dalla scansione. Si muovono da sole, tentando una tarantella che sarebbe un ballo di coppia - solitaria e frontale, con
gonne tenute un po sollevate e un po di svolazzamenti con foulard e
fazzoletti variopinti. Niente a che vedere insomma con le step dances
irlandesi, con pi di duecento anni di tradizione alle spalle e di grande
effetto spettacolare, o con il baile flamenco, che nasce come ballo individuale e solo pi di recente diventa di coppia.
Il nuovo modo di ballare la pizzica ha portato la maggior parte delle danzatrici a girare vorticosamente, imitando le danze dei dervish rotanti, elemento ricorrente soprattutto tra coloro che si esibiscono sul palco e di conseguenza,
per imitazione, anche tra quelle che ballano nelle piazze. Il giro nato con lo
spettacolo e per lo spettacolo, nella pizzica tradizionale il giro serviva essenzialmente per scambiarsi di posto, molte danzatrici affermano di utilizzarlo
perch molto scenografico, altre hanno iniziato a utilizzarlo per superare
limbarazzo dellessere sole sul palco oppure, come dicevamo prima, per la
mancanza di un compagno con cui creare uno scambio comunicativo, anche
se per molti oggi diventato unabilit aggiuntiva, un modo per dimostrare la
propria bravura4.
sia avanzato in modo incontenibile lo svilimento delle istituzioni, elemento centrale della
societ dello spettacolo.
3
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151658547242569&set=gm.539299
769 475577&type=1&theater.
4
K. AZZARITO, cit., pag. 234.
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110
Capitolo VII
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112
Capitolo VII
Ancora, la taranta di
Acri, che riesce a
fondere insieme la
pacchiana coi leggiadri
tamburelli
folk di cui sopra,
con la versione rinnovata e corretta
delletnico.
Figura 43. Manifesto del Tarantacri Festival.
Infine ma giusto per non annoiare troppo, perch si potrebbe continuare a lungo con gli esempi un gruppo a predominanza femminile.
Finalmente! Allora almeno in un caso le fazzolettine si sono emancipate, hanno preso il potere!...
Si, per osserviamo un attimo: il gruppo formato da sei persone,
ma lunico nome riportato quello delluomo, che intitola il gruppo.
Inoltre ma certamente sar
per motivi di equilibrio grafico scritto un po pi
grande del rigo che si riferisce alle cinque donne. Come
se non bastasse, c sempre
luomo in primo piano, e lo
spazio occupato dalla sua figura quasi equivale a quello
delle sue muse. Si, proprio le
sue, a giudicare dalla pagina
di presentazione riprodotta
su pi testate: Antonio
Grosso e le Muse del Mediterraneo sono una realt che
porta la propria musica in giro per il mondo, fondendo
lesperienza del Maestro AnFigura 44. Pubblicit di Antonio Grosso e le
Muse del Mediterraneo.
Capitolo VII
113
tonio Grosso con la bravura, la bellezza e la grazia di 5 ragazze musiciste, cantanti, ballerine. Propongono un repertorio che attinge dalla
tradizione popolare calabrese e non solo6. Antonio Grosso omaggiato del titolo di Maestro, mentre le altre cinque sono semplicemente
delle ragazze. Le nostre MUSE sono 5 giovani ragazze che coltivano
da sempre la passione per la musica e che grazie a questo progetto riescono a conquistare un piccolo traguardo che quello di condividere
con i musicisti uomini un percorso artistico/musicale tra le nostre
tradizioni e i ritmi del sud7. Quindi queste cinque giovani ragazze
avevano un sogno nel cassetto: poter condividere con i musicisti maschi il percorso artistico-musicale allinterno delle tradizioni del sud, e
con questo gruppo lhanno finalmente realizzato. Non affermarsi come musiciste o cantanti o ballerine, non diventare brave, eventualmente famose, ma semplicemente (oserei dire umilmente) poter stare
a suonare al loro fianco. Daltra parte, le loro qualit messe pi in evidenza dal proprio ufficio stampa riguardano lapparire (la bellezza e
la grazia) piuttosto che il saper fare (la bravura). cos che dalla
nuova onda calabra arriva il contributo (che ne denota la natura commerciale) al meat-market, per dirla con Laurie Penny8.
E parlando di veline non si pu certo trascurare laspetto pi intrigante, ovvero quello propriamente erotico.
Gi nel manifesto dei Luna Nova avevamo visto una giovane, contenuta ma sensuale tanto per i movimenti lenti della danza che per
labbigliamento, illuminata solo dal riflesso della luna in una notte
con qualche stella e qualche suono suggerito dalla sagoma della lira,
sventolare con lo sguardo rivolto verso il basso un grande foulard rosso, che invitando alla danza, mostra il possibile pegno damore e passione, per luomo che avr il privilegio di essere accettato. Ora il messaggio si fa pi intenso: le spalle nude nella foto in bianco e nero, il
rosso di un foulard che copre la parte pi bassa ma essendo sospeso in
aria dal movimento, non potr che cadere e lasciare scoperta altra
6
http://unlascandale.blogspot.it/2013/08/antonio-grosso-le-muse-del-mediterraneo.html
Ibidem.
L. PENNY, Meat market. Carne femminile sul banco del capitalismo, Settenove, 2013.
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Capitolo VII
115
http://www.eliocortese.it/
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120
Capitolo VIII
forma-canzone. Fornisce quel glossario che immaginava Pasolini quarantanni fa, al quale sarebbe dovuto ricorrere, come un buon borghese del Nord1, anche un ragazzo delle borgate romane per riuscire
a comprendere il gergo dei suoi romanzi di dieci-quindici anni prima,
a causa della scomparsa dei dialetti (com noto, questa previsione di
Pasolini non si realizzata in campo linguistico, ma si invece inverata per i dialetti musicali). Cavallaro in effetti inventa un metalinguaggio, una lingua che serve a parlare di unaltra lingua, che in un
primo momento si chiama identit della Locride, per poi diventare
identit della Calabria. Cos facendo ricrea, allinterno della massa
della taranta, il suo popolo, con i suoi luoghi, il suo credo, i suoi riti e
i suoi miti.
Questo popolo esiste in carne ed ossa, composto dalle persone
organizzate che si sentono, si ritrovano e si organizzano, viaggiano assieme in pullman, poi si stringono sotto il palco, a cantare le canzoni e
a ballare, a rispondere ai segnali convenuti; questo il popolo dei fedeli praticanti, seguaci del calendario e oranti attraverso i siti, i cui interventi a volte raggiungono livelli incredibili. A parte la stupefacente
competenza esegetica nello sviscerare le pi diverse e raffinate possibilit interpretative di una singola parola di una nuova canzone, il cui
dibattito pu tenere impegnate decine di persone per diversi giorni,
sono le risposte al leader a suscitare un certo imbarazzo. Ad es., il 26
settembre 2013 alle 16,35 Mimmo Cavallaro interviene su fb sul progetto di una centrale elettrica in una vallata di grande pregio storiconaturalistico:
Credo che lo sviluppo della Calabria deve passare attraverso la valorizzazione dei grandi patrimoni naturalistici, culturali, ambientali e urbanistici, ecc.
esistenti, e non attraverso il loro sfruttamento da parte di privati che hanno
come finalit, solo ed esclusivamente, interessi economici. La vallata
dellAllaro un bene comune di grande valore ambientale e culturale per il
P.P. PASOLINI, Limitatezza della storia e immensit del mondo contadino, in ID.,
Scritti corsari, Garzanti, Milano 1981, pp. 60-65.
121
nostro territorio e quindi va tutelato salvaguardato per il nostro bene, ma soprattutto per quello delle generazioni future2.
155
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123
Lo schieramento orizzontale delle figure, sviluppate secondo la composizione paratattica, rinvia da un lato, alla soluzione classica del fregio, dallaltro a
una situazione molto realistica, che sembra ripresa direttamente da un episodio di protesta sociale. una soluzione compositiva che associa il ricordo dei
valori riferiti allantica civilt classica alla moderna consapevolezza dei propri diritti civili. La compattezza dei personaggi, gli atteggiamenti decisi e
limponente procedere in avanti verso lo spettatore sono altri efficacissimi
espedienti espressivi atti a creare leffetto di una massa unica che avanza inesorabile, con chiare allusioni sia al valore di solidariet sociale, sia alla presa
di coscienza dalla propria forza politica da parte di tanti individui che si sentono sempre pi una classe sociale capace di rivendicare i propri diritti4.
Lavanzata del popolo della tarantella, guidato da Cavallaro, procede dunque sicura e decisa. E come in un vero movimento, la schiera
dei seguaci si organizza molto presto:
Nel 2011 nasce il gruppo musicale Gioia Popolare. Prima di essere artisti, i
componenti del complesso, seguivano, come migliaia di altri fan, i propri beniamini. Dallidea di uno degli amici, iniziarono a riunirsi nelle serate estive
provando e riprovando pezzi gi conosciuti, riscoprendo a loro volta, il piacere di suonare gli strumenti tipici del nostro territorio. Col tempo si accorsero,
ogni giorno di pi, di essere in grado non solo di proporre brani riarrangiati,
ma di creare opere prime, inedite, originali sia nel testo che nella musica. Cos facendo iniziarono ad appoggiarsi a chi aveva una maggiore esperienza nel
campo musicale e si gettarono basi solide al complesso Gioia Popolare, nati
dal popolo e per il popolo, che crescono nel popolare e fanno conoscere esso
stesso5.
E ancora:
Il Danza Cu Lu Ventu Comu Lunda Di Lu Maari6 Fans Club, (nome preso
da una celebre frase di una canzone di Cosimo Papandrea, Stilla Chjiara),
nasce seguendo i concerti di Mimmo Cavallaro & Cosimo Papandrea, TaranProject, nel cuore dellestate 2009 lidea stata quella di creare un gruppo
nel quale poter commentare le varie serate, discutere su ci che riguardasse
4
E. PASQUALONE, in http://www.geometriefluide.com/pagina.asp?cat=pellizza-davolpe-do&prod=quartostato-pellizza.
5
Dal sito dei Gioia Popolare: http://www.gioiapopolare.it/
6
Questo verso stato adottato come motto anche dal Nicotera Taranta Festival.
124
Capitolo VIII
7
8
http://danzaculuventu.com/info.php
http://www.tropeaedintorni.it/lesordio-di-officina-calabra-010712.html
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128
Capitolo VIII
so, per la caduta della tensione e dellattenzione del pubblico, insomma costituiscono dei buchi da evitare a tutti i costi, pena la tenuta globale della rappresentazione. Laccordatura di uno strumento ad esempio, se non pu essere fatta al buio, e costringe gli altri musicisti a
fermarsi ed aspettare, una delle cose pi brutte e antipatiche che
possa capitare in concerto, in questo caso il front man dice scusate,
ancora un attimo solo oppure, se ha esperienza e spirito adeguati,
comincia a intrattenere il pubblico con parole, racconti o barzellette
per tenere lattenzione agganciata in qualche modo, e distoglierla dalla
fastidiosa attesa dellaccordatura. Con Cavallaro no: la necessaria accordatura non una pausa subita, una rottura di scatole, una caduta
dellattenzione, al contrario, un momento atteso con amore, quasi
con impazienza. Non lattimo in cui la gente comincia a guardarsi intorno, a scambiarsi qualche parola, ad accendersi una sigaretta perch
non sta succedendo niente e quindi si cerca qualcosa da fare, ma quello in cui cala il silenzio e si rimane con gli occhi incollati al palco, rapiti da tanto fascino e trepidanti per quello che sta per accadere, mentre il cuore comincia a battere forte.
Sono tanti i momenti, durante il concerto dei TaranProject, in cui lemozione
sale: quando Mimmo inizia a cantare, quando irrompe Cosimo, quando si riconoscono gli accordi di Spagna o Mulinarella, quando ci si scatena con
Corvu Nigru, quando Andrea attacca Tarantella Nova o Giovanna intona
Figghju figghju, e altri ancora.
Ma ve n uno speciale che nel cuore di tutti: il momento in cui, di solito,
c la necessit di accordare la magica lira, e per qualche attimo cala il silenzio tra il pubblico; poi nel buio larchetto di Cosimo inizia ad inanellare
suoni come catturasse le stelle una ad una e ne facesse una matassa, per cominciare poi a lavorarla, modellandola in una cadenza che gorgoglia come
una cascatella dacqua sorgiva dAspromonte.
La piazza come incantata e subito rapita: Stilla Chjiara, brano che vanta
stuoli di innamorati (da un verso di questa canzone ha preso il nome il pi
numeroso e attivo gruppo dei fan su Facebook, quello creato dagli amici
Vincenzo, Santo e Francesco Franco), che fa sciogliere tutti in un movimento
dolce che come una danza interiore; ci pare di essere i fiotti dellonda del
mare mossa dal vento, di cui dice il testo, e si fa palpabile uneuforica sensazione di armonia con chi ci accanto e con il cosmo9. [corsivo mio]
http://mimmocavallarofanclub.blogspot.it/2010/03/stilla-chjara.html
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Calabriasona
141
insistito itinerare fino a coprire tutto lo spazio abitato significa assai di pi.
Nel ripetere ogni anno gli stessi gesti i fedeli rifondano la propria comunit,
riconfermano la propria appartenenza, ridanno senso alle proprie vite, convertono il caos in cosmos8.
142
Capitolo IX
Ma al riguardo possibile, senza che ci contraddica in alcun modo quanto finora proposto, anche un altro punto di vista. Quello che,
facendo proprie le considerazioni di Guy Debord a proposito dello
spettacolo, prenda in esame laspetto adorante lungamente descritto,
per cercare di individuare dove risieda il vero valore duso, cio il
nucleo razionale insito nelle migliaia di km che i fans sono disposti
a consumare (con un non secondario peso economico) per vedere
sempre la stessa cosa. infatti proprio laspetto quantitativo, la ripetitivit seriale delle performance (non dellartista stavolta, ma dello
zoccolo duro del suo pubblico), quella che ricongiunge il rito della
neotradizione alle moderne modalit del consumo musicale degli altri
generi, nei quali la presenza attiva di un movimento organizzato di
gruppi di supporto una componente essenziale. Con ci rendendo il
fenomeno Cavallaro&Calabriasona che sono in questo momento il
pi grande spettacolo in corso nella regione ben pi che il momento
della riscoperta delle antiche radici, piuttosto quello dellentrata della
Calabria nella contemporaneit dello spettacolare.
Colui che colleziona i portachiavi appena fabbricati proprio per essere collezionati accumula le indulgenze della merce, un segno glorioso della propria
presenza reale tra i suoi fedeli. Luomo reificato ostenta la prova della sua intimit con la merce. Come nei rapimenti dei convulsionari e dei miracolati
del vecchio feticismo religioso, il feticismo della merce raggiunge dei momenti di eccitazione fervente. Il solo uso che qui si esprime ancora luso
fondamentale della sottomissione9.
Calabriasona la costruzione messa in piedi per sostenere e alimentare il mito di Cavallaro e della sua tarantella, da cui a sua volta
alimentato. In questo senso per davvero un circuito. Il suo sostrato
culturale, su cui poggia il sistema economico-politico produttore di
consenso, basato unicamente su questa gamba. Togli questa, e non
esister pi n il Kaulonia Festival n Calabriasona, in quanto i gruppi
di contorno sorti come funghi, dei funghi hanno anche le caratteristiche biologiche: stagionalit, assenza di radici, assenza di clorofilla.
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Postfazione
179
POSTFAZIONE
Il nostro intento quello di lavorare nel nostro territorio per il territorio, e non
esportare un'immagine edulcorata di una Calabria fatta di fazzoletti e controtempi. [...]
Radicazioni rappresenta lotta, lavoro, solidariet, creativit, arte, zampogne, e resistenza a
ci che voi volete esportare. [...] Noi come associazione abbiamo fatto RETE, ma non per
rendere figo il festival, o per portar pi turismo, abbiamo fatto rete per prenderci CURA
del nostro territorio 365 giorni lanno. PAOLO NAPOLI, da https://www.facebook.com/
radicazioni.alessandriadelcarretto/posts/10202081710151946.
180
Postfazione!
Postfazione
181
182
Postfazione!
Postfazione
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184
Postfazione!
Ad es., richiedere a degli artisti che magari provenivano dalla Macedonia, dal Marocco o dal Pakistan, di rispedire le proprie carte dimbarco una volta arrivati a destinazione, altrimenti non sarebbero state rimborsate; oppure chiedere alla banca attestazioni
impossibili per certificare il motivo per il quale sullestratto conto elaborato dal suo sistema non comparisse in numero di CRO; o ancora, produrre la documentazione con la
quale il presidente dellassociazione chiede a se stesso di poter svolgere un lavoro, lui accetta la proposta e quindi si firma e si controfirma per pattuire lincarico, previa presentazione di c.v.; produrre fidejussioni a garanzia dello svolgimento dellevento dopo che lo
stesso ha avuto luogo; e cos via
Postfazione
185
U. ECO, Apocalittici e integrati, Milano, Bompiani, 1993 (1 ed. 1964), pp. 361 e segg.
aree scientificodisciplinari
area 01 Scienze matematiche e informatiche
area 02 Scienze fisiche
area 03 Scienze chimiche
area 04 Scienze della terra
area 05 Scienze biologiche
area 06 Scienze mediche
area 07 Scienze agrarie e veterinarie
area 08 Ingegneria civile e architettura
area 09 Ingegneria industriale e dellinformazione
AREA