Principalisti iraniani

Per principalisti iraniani (in iraniano جناح اصولگرایان جمهوری اسلامی ایران) o conservatori iraniani^[1]^[2] si intende uno dei due principali campi politici dell'Iran post-rivoluzionario, collocato a destra,^[2]^[3]^[4] opposto ai riformisti. Le ideologie più diffuse sono il Conservatorismo, Islamismo,^[5] Teocrazia^[6] e Velayat-e faqih, ma sono anche presenti delle fazioni che sostengono il Populismo di destra,^[7] Tradizionalismo,^[7]^[8] Realpolitik^[7] e Fondamentalismo islamico.^[9] Secondo un sondaggio condotto dall'Iranian Students Polling Agency (ISPA) nell'aprile del 2017, il 15% degli iraniani si identifica come principalista (contro il 28% riformista).^[10] Attualmente i principalisti dominano l'Assemblea degli Esperti e il Consiglio dei Guardiani della Costituzione.^[11]

Note

^ Said Amir Arjomand e Nathan J. Brown, The Rule of Law, Islam, and Constitutional Politics in Egypt and Iran, SUNY Press, 2013, p. 150, ISBN 978-1-4384-4597-7.
«“Conservative” is no longer a preferred term in Iranian political discourse. Usulgara', which can be clumsily translated as “principlist” is the term now used to refer to an array of forces that previously identified themselves as conservative, fundamentalist, neo-fundamentalist, or traditionalist. It developed to counter the term eslahgara, or reformist, and is applied to a camp of not necessarily congrous groups and individuals.»
^ ^a ^b Siavush Randjbar-Daemi, Intra-State Relations in the Islamic Republic of Iran: The Presidency and the Struggle for Political Authority, 1989-2009, Royal Holloway, 2012.
^ Gholamali Haddad Adel, Mohammad Jafar Elmi e Hassan Taromi-Rad, Jāme'e-ye Rowhāniyyat-e Mobārez, in Political Parties: Selected Entries from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam, EWI Press, p. 108, ISBN 978-1-908433-02-2.
^ Robin B. Wright (a cura di), The Iran Primer: Power, Politics, and U.S. Policy, US Institute of Peace Press, 2010, p. 37, ISBN 1-60127-084-4.
^ Mehdi Mozaffari, What is Islamism? History and Definition of a Concept, in Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, vol. 8, n. 1, Routledge, 2007, pp. 17-33, DOI:10.1080/14690760601121622.
«In fact, Iranian ‘Islamists’ of our day call themselves ‘Usul gara’, which literally means ‘fundamentalist’, but in a positive sense. It designates a ‘person of principles’ who is the ‘true Muslim’.»
^ Payam Mohseni, Factionalism, Privatization, and the Political economy of regime transformation, in Brumberg, Daniel e Farhi, Farideh (a cura di), Power and Change in Iran: Politics of Contention and Conciliation, Indiana Series in Middle East Studies, Indiana University Press, 2016, p. 47, ISBN 978-0-253-02068-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c Melody Mohebi, The Formation of Civil Society in Modern Iran: Public Intellectuals and the State, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, pp. 129-131, ISBN 978-1-137-40110-6.
^ Robert J. Reardon, Containing Iran: Strategies for Addressing the Iranian Nuclear Challenge, RAND Corporation, 2012, pp. 81-82, ISBN 0-8330-7637-X.
^ Mehdi Moslem, Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran, Syracuse University Press, 2002, p. 135, ISBN 978-0-8156-2978-8.
^ (FA) Poll Results of Popular Leaning Towards Principlists and Reformists, in Iranian Students Polling Agency (ISPA), 28 aprile 2017. URL consultato il 1º giugno 2017. Ospitato su Khabaronline.
^ BAKHASH SHAUL, Iran's Conservatives: The Headstrong New Bloc, su Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Tehran Bureau, 12 settembre 2011. URL consultato il 10 marzo 2015.

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[1] Said Amir Arjomand e Nathan J. Brown, The Rule of Law, Islam, and Constitutional Politics in Egypt and Iran, SUNY Press, 2013, p. 150, ISBN 978-1-4384-4597-7.
«“Conservative” is no longer a preferred term in Iranian political discourse. Usulgara', which can be clumsily translated as “principlist” is the term now used to refer to an array of forces that previously identified themselves as conservative, fundamentalist, neo-fundamentalist, or traditionalist. It developed to counter the term eslahgara, or reformist, and is applied to a camp of not necessarily congrous groups and individuals.»

[SRD-2] Siavush Randjbar-Daemi, Intra-State Relations in the Islamic Republic of Iran: The Presidency and the Struggle for Political Authority, 1989-2009, Royal Holloway, 2012.

[3] Gholamali Haddad Adel, Mohammad Jafar Elmi e Hassan Taromi-Rad, Jāme'e-ye Rowhāniyyat-e Mobārez, in Political Parties: Selected Entries from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam, EWI Press, p. 108, ISBN 978-1-908433-02-2.

[4] Robin B. Wright (a cura di), The Iran Primer: Power, Politics, and U.S. Policy, US Institute of Peace Press, 2010, p. 37, ISBN 1-60127-084-4.

[Islamism-5] Mehdi Mozaffari, What is Islamism? History and Definition of a Concept, in Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, vol. 8, n. 1, Routledge, 2007, pp. 17-33, DOI:10.1080/14690760601121622.
«In fact, Iranian ‘Islamists’ of our day call themselves ‘Usul gara’, which literally means ‘fundamentalist’, but in a positive sense. It designates a ‘person of principles’ who is the ‘true Muslim’.»

[6] Payam Mohseni, Factionalism, Privatization, and the Political economy of regime transformation, in Brumberg, Daniel e Farhi, Farideh (a cura di), Power and Change in Iran: Politics of Contention and Conciliation, Indiana Series in Middle East Studies, Indiana University Press, 2016, p. 47, ISBN 978-0-253-02068-0.

[mm-7] Melody Mohebi, The Formation of Civil Society in Modern Iran: Public Intellectuals and the State, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, pp. 129-131, ISBN 978-1-137-40110-6.

[CI-8] Robert J. Reardon, Containing Iran: Strategies for Addressing the Iranian Nuclear Challenge, RAND Corporation, 2012, pp. 81-82, ISBN 0-8330-7637-X.

[9] Mehdi Moslem, Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran, Syracuse University Press, 2002, p. 135, ISBN 978-0-8156-2978-8.

[10] (FA) Poll Results of Popular Leaning Towards Principlists and Reformists, in Iranian Students Polling Agency (ISPA), 28 aprile 2017. URL consultato il 1º giugno 2017. Ospitato su Khabaronline.

[Tehran_Bureau-11] BAKHASH SHAUL, Iran's Conservatives: The Headstrong New Bloc, su Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Tehran Bureau, 12 settembre 2011. URL consultato il 10 marzo 2015.

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