Papers by Jai Singh Parihar
Journal of Geomatics
In India, the procedure developed under Forecasting Agricultural output using Space, Agro meteoro... more In India, the procedure developed under Forecasting Agricultural output using Space, Agro meteorology and Land based observations (FASAL) Project is now accepted as operational for making multiple in-season crop production forecasts. Till recently, the processing was done using commercially available software. SAC took the initiative to provide automation intensive software solutions by developing an in-house geospatial software solution for crop production forecasting with a mandate to build from only fresh developments and free and open source software. This effort has culminated into a geospatial software framework called FASALSoft. This paper brings out details on the software framework realised by amalgamating and adopting available open source geospatial tools and fresh software developments which can perform the required image processing and geospatial operations in an effective way for a national level crop forecast tasks using single date optical data, multi-temporal optica...
Agriculture and Hydrology Applications of Remote Sensing, 2006
Tropical Ecology
Abstract: The objective of the study was to model the environmental niche of a dominant treeline ... more Abstract: The objective of the study was to model the environmental niche of a dominant treeline species (Himalayan birch or Betula utilis) in alpine region of Indian Himalaya and validate the findings using ground truth supported satellite remote sensing technique. It deals with the generation of bioclimatic indices from temperature and precipitation data, followed by fundamental environmental niche modeling based on the presence-only records of the alpine treeline ecotone (ATE) boundary species. The predicted fundamental environmental niche was validated in Uttarakhand, India using the alpine treeline ecotone boundary (a surrogate to realized niche), which was generated using IRS-P6 (LISS-III) satellite data for year 2006. The result demonstrates the ability of the niche models in assessing the probable extent of Himalayan birch distribution and its presence in treeline ecotone of Uttarakhand and the technique could be further used for modeling future scenario of the alpine treeli...
Acta Astronautica, 2008
India is looking for rejuvenating its sagging agricultural production and productivity by integra... more India is looking for rejuvenating its sagging agricultural production and productivity by integrating high technology space inputs for both irrigated and rainfed areas. The Earth Observations (EO) products today serve as major inputs to policy, planning and targeted interventions, contributing to building social capitals, natural resources assets and environmental gains on the longterm basis. The benefits are mostly indirect and often difficult to quantify in terms of money. The cost benefit analysis of EO products is therefore an involved exercise and not many examples exist globally. The present paper, taking into account major national as well as some local level agriprojects in India, highlights the criticality of EO products in terms of their short-term as well as long-term economic and social values. Three aspects viz., catalytic, timeliness and enabling have been analyzed to visualize the role of EO products in a holistic fashion. In the catalytic role, EO inputs have been found to play a role in the successful implementation of major natural resources development projects. The cost of EO inputs may be of less than 2-5% to the total cost of the development projects, but the nature of such inputs are critical and catalytic. For example, a major project on reclamation of around 0.6 Mha sodic soils in Indo-Gangetic Plans costs US$89 million where EO products costs less than 2%; but demonstrates their catalytic roles in terms of identification, monitoring and evaluation and as inputs to midcourse corrections. The second aspect is timeliness in terms of opportunity cost. In India, Forecasting Agricultural Output Using Space-borne, Agro-meteorological and Land Observations (FASAL) project is carried out for in-season multiple crop production forecasting in support of strategic decision on trade, price and procurements. In the past, timely forecasts from FASAL have been found to be accurate and helpful for the country to plan many of its activities, including taking early decisions on wheat import to meet the shortfalls. The enabling role EO products have been demonstrated in several projects especially those related to building physical and social infrastructure and also natural resources assets building. The cost effective role EO has played in the watershed development planning and implementation in India, including improving the livelihoods as well as natural resources assets building, is one success story worth emulating in many developing countries. The most important aspect, however, is how the information is put to use for decision making and actual ground level implementation. The paper attempts to provide a glimpse of these aspects in a coherent fashion.
Ahmedabad-380 053. "Me author would like to thank their colleagues tbr making available various r... more Ahmedabad-380 053. "Me author would like to thank their colleagues tbr making available various reprints/preprints and the latest ' unpublished results and also for fruitful discussions. Reprinted with permission from the Editor. Current Science. Indian Academy of Sciences. Bangalore-560 080.
Ecological Processes
BackgroundLarge-scale hunting and various anthropogenic pressures in the recent past have pushed ... more BackgroundLarge-scale hunting and various anthropogenic pressures in the recent past have pushed the Asiatic caracal (Caracal caracal schmitzi), an elusive medium-sized and locally threatened felid species towards local extinction in India. Though widely distributed historically, it has been sparsely reported from several regions of central and northern states in India till twentieth century. Later, the species distribution became confined only to the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, which have had reported sightings in the twenty-first century. In order to highlight the potentially suitable habitats for Asiatic caracals in India, we targeted forth-filtering of the spatial model ensemble by creating and utilizing the validated and spatially thinned species presence information (n = 69) and related ecological variables (aridity, NDVI, precipitation seasonality, temperature seasonality, terrain ruggedness), filtered with anthropological variable (nightlight).ResultsOut...
Uttar Pradesh contributes largest acreage of sugarcane (more than 40 per cent) to the national cr... more Uttar Pradesh contributes largest acreage of sugarcane (more than 40 per cent) to the national crop acreage; hence an early estimate of the crop acreage becomes paramount importance which was done using AWiFS data. Multi-date data of Resourcesat-2 AWiFS from February to November 2012 and January to November, 2013 for the 27 districts of Uttar Pradesh (U.P) was used to develop the procedure for early estimation of sugarcane acreage. The districts selected were having an area greater than 10 thousand ha and contribute 98.7 per cent of the state sugarcane acreage. The ground truth was collected during July/August and October 2012-13.The classification accuracy visa -vis critical data set requirement and identification of ratoon and freshly planted crop was also attempted. Early estimation of sugarcane acreage during month of June can be made possible by using multi-date AWiFS data upto May in case of Uttar Pradesh. The estimated acreage was 18.1 lakh ha which were 30 per cent underestimated in comparison to crop acreage estimation using data upto Nov. 3, 2012 which was 26.1 lakh ha. The error in early estimation of the crops was reduced by about 50 per cent as the estimated crop acreage during May was19.5 lakh ha whereas using AWiFS data upto Nov. 3, 2013 was 22.6 lakh ha. Therefore, on the basis of model output for two years, early estimation in June showed under estimation of 22 percent compared to final estimate in November.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2014
India is predominantly an agricultural and rural country. Across the country, the villages vary i... more India is predominantly an agricultural and rural country. Across the country, the villages vary in geographical location, area, human and livestock population, availability of resources, agricultural practices, livelihood patterns etc. This study presents an estimation of net energy balance resulting from primary production visa -vis energy consumption through various components in a 'Rural Ecosystem'. Seven sites located in different agroclimatic regions of India were studied. An end use energy accounting 'Rural Energy Balance Model' is developed for input-output analysis of various energy flows of production, consumption, import and export through various components of crop, trees outside forest plantations, livestock, rural households, industry or trade within the village system boundary. An integrated approach using field, ancillary, GIS and high resolution IRS-P6 Resourcesat-2 LISS IV data is adopted for generation of various model inputs. The primary and secondary field data collection of various energy uses at household and village level were carried out using structured schedules and questionnaires. High resolution multi-temporal Resourcesat-2 LISS IV data (2013-14) was used for generating landuse/landcover maps and estimation of above-ground Trees Outside Forests phytomass. The model inputs were converted to energy equivalents using country-specific energy conversion factors. A comprehensive geotagged database of sampled households and available resources at each study site was also developed in ArcGIS framework. Across the study sites, the estimated net energy balance ranged from-18.8 Terra Joules (TJ) in a high energy consuming Hodka village, Gujarat to 224.7 TJ in an agriculture, aquaculture and plantation intensive Kollaparru village, Andhra Pradesh. The results indicate that the net energy balance of a Rural Ecosystem is largely driven by primary production through crops and natural vegetation. This study provides a significant insight to policy relevant recommendations for Energy Sustainable Rural India.
Paddy and Water Environment, 2014
Bringing green revolution in eastern India (BGREI) is an initiative of Department of Agriculture ... more Bringing green revolution in eastern India (BGREI) is an initiative of Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC) Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Govt. of India with the aim of increasing crop productivity through improved inputs and package of practices in seven states of eastern India comprising the low productivity zones. The current study aimed at assessment of the BGREI plots with respect to crop vigour variability using space-based observations. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data were used to assess the rice crop growth pattern and vigour through change in backscatter response. A SARbased methodology was developed to evaluate the effect of BGREI initiative in the state of Odisha. The peak biomass, an indicator of crop vigour was 15-30 % higher in BGREI plots compared to the controlled plots. The improvement was higher in traditionally low productivity rainfed zones. Uniformity in growth in terms of growth rate, transplantation time and duration was observed in BGREI plots. The positive effect of BGREI in Odisha indicates that BGREI may be a breakthrough in improving rice productivity in low productivity zones of eastern India.
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2000
Geocarto International, 2002
... Monitoring in India S. Panigrahy, M. Chakraborty and JS Parihar Agricultural Resources Group ... more ... Monitoring in India S. Panigrahy, M. Chakraborty and JS Parihar Agricultural Resources Group Space Applications Centre ISRO, Ahmedabad 380015, India KR Manjunath Email: [email protected] ... 1997, Patel et al. 1994, 1995, Premlatha and Rao 1994, Rao et al. 1995). ...
Tropical Ecology, 2002
Abstract: This paper reviews the approach and techniques of Remote Sensing (RS) based crop discri... more Abstract: This paper reviews the approach and techniques of Remote Sensing (RS) based crop discrimination and area estimation including single date approach based on maximum likelihood classification as well as hierarchical/growth profile for crop classification. Uniqueness of both optical and microwave data for crop identification in operational scenario in Rabi and Kharif season is presented. In the past two decades, studies on RS based crop inventory of more than 20 crops at various spatial scales (village to national) ...
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2012
Cropping system study is useful to understand the overall sustainability of agricultural system. ... more Cropping system study is useful to understand the overall sustainability of agricultural system. Capturing the change dynamics of cropping systems, especially spatial and temporal aspects, is of utmost importance in overall planning and management of natural resources. This paper highlights the remote sensing based cropping systems change-dynamics assessment. Current study is aimed at use of multidate-multisensor data for deriving the seasonal cropping pattern maps and deriving the remote sensing based cropping system performance indicators during 1998-99 and 2004-05 in West-Bengal state of India. The temporal assessment of the changes of cropping systems components such as cropping pattern and indices for the study years 1998-99 and 2004-05 have been brought out. The results indicate that during the six years of time the kharif cropping pattern has almost remained the same, being a rice dominant system. A notable point is the decrease in the aus rice due to readjusting the cropping system practice to suit the two crop systems in many places was observed. Marginal variations in mustard and wheat areas during rabi season was observed. The boro (summer) rice area has almost remained constant. The rice-fallow-fallow (R-F-F) rotation reduced by about 4 percent while the rice-fallow-rice (R-F-R) increased by about 7 percent percent. The Area Diversity Index reduced by about 38 percent in 2004 which may be attributed to decrease in kharif pulses and minor crops during kharif and summer. However, diversity during rabi season continued to remain high. The increase in Multiple Cropping Index was observed predominantly in the southern part of the state. Cultivated Land Utilization Index shows an increase by about 0.05. This paper highlights the results of a study carried out towards cropping system derivation and change dynamics in West Bengal
International Journal of Remote Sensing, Apr 1, 1993
Wheat acreage of the state of Punjab, India was estimated using single-acquisition Indian Remote ... more Wheat acreage of the state of Punjab, India was estimated using single-acquisition Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)-1A LISS-I digital data during the 1988–89 wheat season. The methodology consisted of stratified sample design, a 10 km by 10 km sample segments, a 10 per cent sample fraction and MXL-supervised classification. Data of February 1989 were used and results were available by 11 April 1989, before the start of harvesting. The estimated acreage of 3–128±0–171 million hectares (Mha) of wheat ...
Tropical Ecology, 2016
This study focuses on analyzing the behavior and seasonality in the canopy carbon exchange of a s... more This study focuses on analyzing the behavior and seasonality in the canopy carbon exchange of a subtropical ecosystem at the Himalayan foothills and comprises three important invasive species: Lantana camara, Ageratum conyzoides and Bidens biternata. Systematic sampling on the daily CO2 exchange process and biophysical parameters formed the basis of this investigation. The analyses based on year-round in-situ measurements showed that mean daily net canopy carbon exchange (net primary productivity) of the system (all species in totality) was 11.8 g C m-2 day-1 (41.5 t C ha-1yr-1). All species had almost equal contribution to the system NPP and they were in order of A. conyzoides (14.6 t C ha-1yr-1), B. biternata (13.8 t C ha-1yr-1) and L. camara (13.1 t C ha-1yr-1). Light use efficiency (LUE) exhibited a bimodal trend with peaks in early (Jun Jul) and post-monsoon (Oct Nov) season. Mean LUE of L. camara was 20.8 ± 10.9 mmol CO2 mol-1 PAR, while that of A. conyzoides and B. biternata ...
Abstract We developed a procedure for preparing a model for mapping spatially distributed zones o... more Abstract We developed a procedure for preparing a model for mapping spatially distributed zones of aphid pest (Lipaphis erysimi) outbreaks at a regional level. This study employed near-surface meteorological parameters derived from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Television and Infra-Red Operational Satellites (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) data and field observations of disease infestation. The study area comprised three sites representing semi-arid and sub-humid regions of dominant Indian ...
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2007
This paper reports the results of a modeling study carried out with two objectives, (1) to estima... more This paper reports the results of a modeling study carried out with two objectives, (1) to estimate and compare effective spectral characteristics (central wavelength, bandwidth and bandpass exo-atmospheric solar irradiance Eo) of various spectral channels of LISS-III, WiFS, LISS-III*, LISS-IV and AWiFS onboard Indian Remote Sensing Satellites IRS-ID and P6 using moment method based on the laboratory measurements of sensor spectral response, and (2) to quantify the influence of varying sensor spectral response on reflectance and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) measurements using surface reflectance spectra corresponding to different leaf area index conditions of crop target obtained through field experiment Significant deviation of 4 to 14 nm in central wavelength and 1.6 to 14.07 nm in spectral width was observed for the corresponding channel of IRS sensors. Coefficient of variation of the order of 0.1 to 1.11% was noticed in E o among various IRS sensors, which could induce a difference of 0.72 to 3 35% in the estimation of top of atmosphere reflectance tbr crop target. The variation in spectral response of 1RS sensors implied a relative difference of the order of 0.91 to 3.38% in surface reflectance and NDVI measurements. Polynomial approximations are also provided for spectral correction that can be utilized lbr normahzing the artifacts introduced due to differences in spectral characteristics among IRS sensors.
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2006
Journal of Earth System Science, 2011
The time of forcing of spatial LAI to crop models at single or multiple stages is important to si... more The time of forcing of spatial LAI to crop models at single or multiple stages is important to simulate crop biomass and yield in varying agro-climatic conditions and scales. The high temporal resolution (5-day) by Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) on-board Resourcesat-1 Satellite IRS-P6 with 56 m spatial resolution and large swath (740 km) has substantially increased the availability of regional clear sky optical remote sensing data. The present study aimed at developing empirical vegetation index VI-LAI models for wheat using AWiFS optical data in four bands and in-situ measurements sampled over five different agro-climatic regions (ACRs) during 2005-2006 followed by validation during 2006-2007. While nonlinear relations exist for all the three normalized indices such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI) and Green NDVI, linear relation was the best fit for ratio vegetation index (RVI). Both NDVI and RVI models generally showed better correlation ranges (0.65-0.84 for NDVI and 0.37-0.76 for RVI) than other indices. The common NDVI-LAI model was found to produce lower root mean square errors (RMSE) between 0.5 and 1.1 from pooled model than those between 0.5 and 1.32 from regional models. The rate of substantial increase in errors from NDVI-LAI model (RMSE of modelled LAI: 0.85 to 1.28) as compared to RVI-LAI model (RMSE of modelled LAI: 1.12 to 1.17) at LAI greater than 3, than below 3 revealed the early saturation of NDVI than RVI. It is therefore recommended that LAI estimates can be used to force crop simulation model upto early vegetative stage based on NDVI and maximum vegetative to reproductive stages based on RVI.
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Papers by Jai Singh Parihar