IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Agricultural soils managed with a large amount of fertilizer generate nitrous oxide (N2O). This s... more Agricultural soils managed with a large amount of fertilizer generate nitrous oxide (N2O). This study aims to observe the N2O flux rates from four organic matter treatments and examining soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) and soil temperature in rainy and dry seasons. The experimental sites took place on a silt loam soil with four organic matter treatments, i.e., 1). No organic matter (OM), 2). Chicken manure, 3). Cattle manure, and 4). Bio-compost. N2O fluxes were measured bi-weekly during the rainy season and weekly during the dry season. Soil WFPS and soil temperature were both determine at the same time. N2O fluxes from Shallot were significantly different between rainy and dry season (p<0.01), but not between treatments. It is ranged between 3.58 to 20.19 mg N2O m−2 d−1 on the rainy season and between 0.57 to 2.79 mg N2O m−2 d−1 on dry season. The linear regression showed that both soil WFPS and soil temperature only significantly relate to N2O fluxes in the rainy season. S...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands are influenced by many factors and most of them are... more Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands are influenced by many factors and most of them are difficult to control. Soil temperature and moisture regulate biological reactions in the soil leading to gas production. It is a complex mechanism, considering the difficulty in controlling soil moisture and temperature. The study aimed to assess the consequence of soil moisture and temperature alteration on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission through water level management. Soil samples were collected using a 21 cm (diameter) and 100 cm (length) of polyvinyl chloride (PVC); each was dipped into big bucket to control water level. Water levels were controlled in daily basis. Three different water levels were arranged, i.e., at 15 cm, 35 cm and 55 cm beneath earth surface and were replicated 3 times. The results showed that water levels affected soil and water temperature. Non-linear relationship between temperature and CO2 emission (P < 0.01) was discovered in this research. The lowest soil...
<div><p></p><p>The increasing human population requires greater rice prod... more <div><p></p><p>The increasing human population requires greater rice production. However, rice cultivation contributes to global warming through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Technologies for reducing GHG emissions in concert with the increased rice production from rice fields are needed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of steel slag applications on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions and rice yields. Two study sites were established at the experimental farm belonging to Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI) in Jakenan and a farmer’s field in Wedarijaksa sub-district, Indonesia. Both field trials were conducted during the dry season (DS) of 2009 and the rainy season (RS) of 2009/2010. During the DS, a randomized block design was arranged with two treatments (a control and a steel slag application at 1 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>), which were replicated five times. During the RS, the experimental plot with 1 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> of steel slag treatment was split into two small sub-plots to accommodate the additional 1 and 2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> steel slag treatments. The results showed that there was a decreasing tendency in the CH<sub>4</sub> emissions at both sites and during both seasons after steel slag applications, although there was no statistical significance. During the RS in Jakenan, steel slag applications at rates of 1 and 2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> decreased the CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by 9.1 and 10.7%, respectively. In Wedarijaksa, steel slag applications at rates of 1 and 2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> decreased the CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by 12.6 to 18.7%, respectively. The N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were decreased by 34 and 38% following slag applications at the 2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> rate during the RS in Jakenan and Wedarijaksa, respectively. The iron content of steel slag could be used to reduce not only CH<sub>4</sub> but also N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Increased level of electron acceptors suppresses CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The application of steel slag at 1 and 2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> increased rice grain yields by approximately 4.8–5.6% in Jakenan and 0.3–4.7% in Wedarijaksa. It might be better to apply steel slag at higher rates for more than two growing seasons to reach reduction in CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions.</p></div
Agricultural land extensification on peat land is one solution to fulfill national needed on food... more Agricultural land extensification on peat land is one solution to fulfill national needed on food. Peat soil contains organic matter therefore it becomes one source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), i.e. Dioxide carbon (CO2), metahne (CH4), and NO2. Land use for agricultural activities will change the natural condition of peat soil. The changes could increase GHG emissions. One way to reduce GHG emissions and to increase rice production in peat soils is by adding of ameliorant. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ameliorant on carbon balance at peat soil paddy rice. The experiment was conducted at research station of Agricultural Environmental Research Institute in 2008. Samples of peat soil as much as 8 tons was carried from South Kalimantan and placed into 12 microplots. The size of microplot was 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.8 m. Experimental design used randomized block design with four treatments: control, dolomite 2 t ha-1, rice straw 2 t ha-1 and animal manure 2 t ha-1 whic...
Organic material application for cultivated crops is assumed to be improving the activity of deni... more Organic material application for cultivated crops is assumed to be improving the activity of denitrification microbe and N2O emission. Natural N2O emission can increase due to agricultural activity. This activity directly adds the nitrogen input into soil and can be converted into N2O form. The amount of 1,25% N applied into soil as organic manure was transformed into N2O. This research objective is to study the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from rainfed ricefield with various crop management system. This research was conducted at Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI) in RS 2009 and designed in Randomized Block Design replicated three times with six treatments, ie. (1) Non-Integrated Crop Management (Non ICM)/control ; with anorganic fertilizer as farmer’s suggestion (120 kg ha-1 N, 90 kg ha-1 P, and 90 kg ha-1 K); without organic materials; continuous irrigation (continously flooded), seeds 25 DAS and plant distance 20 x 20 cm. : (2) Non-ICM/Control ; equ...
Abstrak. Lahan pertanian menyumbangkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) melalui beberapa proses. Skala ... more Abstrak. Lahan pertanian menyumbangkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) melalui beberapa proses. Skala global dan nasional, perhitungan besaran emisi GRK telah banyak dilakukan, baik dalam bentuk studi ilmiah maupun laporan nasional terkait status dan emisi di suatu negara. Inventarisasi GRK dalam skala kawasan, mencakup pengumpulan serta pembangunan data aktivitas, penentuan sasaran penurunan emisi pada penyumbang emisi utama serta membandingkan hasil perhitungan metode IPCC 2006 dan metode modifikasinya. Sumber emisi GRK utama berdasarkan jenis gas di dua kabupaten adalah gas CH4 (pengelolaan lahan sawah, fermentasi enterik dan pengelolaan kotoran ternak) yaitu sebesar > 50% (dalam CO2e). Total emisi GRK Kabupaten Grobogan dan Tanjung Jabung Timur dari tahun 2006-2011 dengan menggunakan metode IPCC 2006 adalah sebesar 678-758 Gg CO2e dan 543-659Gg CO2e, sedangkan dengan menggunakan metode IPCC 2006 modifikasi adalah sebesar 670-744 Gg CO2e dan 540-658 Gg CO2e. Emisi ini diperkirakan ...
Rice is an essential crop in Indonesia. Any aspects of rice to increase productivity have been we... more Rice is an essential crop in Indonesia. Any aspects of rice to increase productivity have been well studied and documented; however, there are still lacking well-documented studies on its environmental aspects, including climate change. Many researches might already be conducted, but only a few have been published in a peer-reviewed journal. There is still a lack of robust data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the rice field in Indonesia, factors affecting and the technology on how to reduce it. From the reviewed publications, it was found out that research only conducted under a controlled environmental setting. More research on understanding the controlling factors (e.g., water management, rice cultivar, soil types, and fertilizer) of GHG emission from rice field is still needed. The result will introduce a sustainable farming practice, with low in GHG emissions, high in productivity, simple to apply and generate more income to farmers. This review has identified the gaps f...
Budidaya tanaman padi memegang peranan penting dalam peningkatkan produksi pangan di Indonesia da... more Budidaya tanaman padi memegang peranan penting dalam peningkatkan produksi pangan di Indonesia dan pembentukan emisi CH4 dari lahan sawah. Pemberian bahan organik ke dalam tanah berfungsi untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah dan meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman, disisi lain dapat menyebabkan emisi gas rumah kaca. Besaran emisi CH4 akibat pemberian bahan organik tergantung pada kandungan C organik dan tingkat dekomposisinya. Pemilihan bahan organik yang tepat perlu dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi emisi CH4 tanpa mengabaikan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan bahan organik yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas sekaligus menekan emisi CH4 dari budidaya tanaman padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2016-Januari 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, yang merupakan salah satu daerah tadah hujan di Kabupaten Pati, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian disusun secara acak kelompok de...
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri, 2018
Expansion of sugarcane areal to support enhancement production and fulfilment target of self-suff... more Expansion of sugarcane areal to support enhancement production and fulfilment target of self-sufficiency for national sugar should be conducted to see environment impact, particularly related to greenhouse gases emission. The objective of this study was to figure out N2O emission from conventional sugarcane plantation by farmer in rainfed area. The observation of N2O gas was carried out in sugarcane plantation in Sidomukti Village, Jaken District, Pati, Central Java. Sampling of N2O gas was conducted by close chamber method. The study showed that maximum fluxes of sugarcane plantation before and after fertilizer application are 4.011 and 223 µg N2O m-2 day-1. Meanwhile, after fertilizer application the maximum and minimum fluxes of N2O are 6.408 and 25 µg N2O m -2 day-1. N2O emission from sugarcane plantation recorded in rainfed area as 4.21 ± 2.53 kg N2O ha-1 year-1 with potential of global warming number as 1.31 ton CO2-e per hectar per year.Emisi N2O dari Pertanaman Tebu di Lahan...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Paddy rice field is the main contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) (CH4 and N2O) emissions in Indon... more Paddy rice field is the main contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) (CH4 and N2O) emissions in Indonesia. The actions to mitigate these emissions and maintain yield have being a serious concern. This study aims to investigate the emission of CH4 and N2O and determine the limiting factors of CH4 and N2O emission due to water regime and organic matter (OM) amendment in inceptisol soil. Treatments consist of two factors, the first factor was water regime, e.g., 1) continuously flooded, and 2) Alternate wetting-drying (AWD). The second factor was organic matter amendment, e.g., 1) with OM 3 t ha-1, and 2) without OM. The results showed that the addition of organic matter to the soils alongside managing its water regime with AWD resulted in low daily CH4 emissions compare to continuous flooded. No significant difference (p<0.05) in daily N2O emission between AWD and continuous flooded. The dynamic of C-org, Eh, Fe2O3, MnO2 in the soil due to water regime were affected daily CH4 emissions...
N2O emission from agriculture has been assumed to increase by 30-35% until 2030. This gas has a m... more N2O emission from agriculture has been assumed to increase by 30-35% until 2030. This gas has a major contribute to the emission from agriculture. N2O emission from managed soils is the 2nd contributor to green house gas (GHG) emission from agriculture in Indonesia. Rainfed area requested high management input. This research aimed to examine N2O emission from different crops in the rainfed area and its affecting factors, also to identify things that need to be considered in conducting N2O measurement from managed soil. Research conducted in Pati and Blora District, Central Java Province. Four (4) different experimental sites with 4 different crops were chosen. Those were mung bean, rubber plantation and sugarcane which located within Pati District, and maize crop which located in Blora District. No treatment was applied. Gas samples were taken following the day after fertilizing. Daily N2O fluxes from managed soil in tropical land of Indonesia determine by several factors, which are...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018
Addressing the climate change on agricultural sector as an approach to increase rice productivity... more Addressing the climate change on agricultural sector as an approach to increase rice productivity, which at the same time also mitigate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, economically feasible, socially acceptable and hence appropriate for policy support, is a special challenge. This study provided Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) technology to address the multi-dimensional complexity in agriculture system including climate, economic and technology for farmers and the community. The research locations were selected on particularly major irrigated rice fields at three districts in Central Java, i.e. Banjarnegara, Purbalingga and Banyumas District. Demo plots were used to compare the Farmers practice with CSA technology. The CSA technology used were: leaf color chart to apply N fertilizer, paddy soil test kit for determining basic fertilizer, organic matter amendment and intermittent irrigation. This study shows that CSA reduced GHG emissions than Farmers practice between 7-23% of Global Warming Potential and achieved economic benefit between 42-129%. Introducing CSA to the farmers and community is recommended to cope with climate change as the adaptation and mitigation actions. Despite very clear advantages in reducing GHG emission and climate change adaptation, many constraints must be faced by the implementation of CSA in the field.
Greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere significantly increases with the annual av... more Greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere significantly increases with the annual average increase on the past decade (2005-2014) is 2.1 ppm. Today's concentration is 403 ppm, while the upper safety limit for atmospheric CO2 is 350 ppm. This rising concentration mainly affects global warming and climate change. This study aims to analyze mitigation options in paddy field management that may be conducted through a marginal abatement (MAC) approach by selecting mitigation actions with low cost and high potential emission decrease. This analysis was carried out using the Net Present Value (NPV). Locations were selected purposively in Grobogan Regency, Central Java Province, and East Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, in 2013. Data collected consisted of GHG emissions baseline estimate, costs of production and total revenue. Baseline emission was computed using the appropriate approach of 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The results showed that abatement cost to reduce 1 tCO2e in Grobogan Regency from the lowest to highest were low methane rice variety with the cost of Rp106/tCO2e, intermittent irrigation (Rp124/tCO2e), direct seeded rice (Rp657/tCO2e) and shifting between urea granules with urea tablets (Rp3,582/tCO2e). Meanwhile in East Tanjung Jabung Regency, the lowest to highest costs were compost for amelioration (Rp163/tCO2e), farmyard manure for amelioration (Rp456/tCO2e), direct seeded (Rp504/tCO2e) and interaction between no tillage+direct seeded rice (Rp608/tCO2e). These costs did not include tax, transport and other social costs.
ABSTRAK Komitmen Pemerintah Indonesia untuk penurunan emisi GRK sebesar 26% sampai 2020, melibatk... more ABSTRAK Komitmen Pemerintah Indonesia untuk penurunan emisi GRK sebesar 26% sampai 2020, melibatkan keikutsertaan daerah secara aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis opsi-opsi mitigasi pada pengelolaan lahan sawah yang mungkin dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Marginal Abatement Cost atau biaya pengurangan emisi yang berprinsip pada pemilihan aksi mitigasi dengan biaya rendah dan potensi penurunan yang besar. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara purposive yaitu di Kabupaten Grobogan Propinsi Jawa Tengah dan Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur Propinsi Jambi pada tahun 2013 untuk analisis tahun 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teknologi mitigasi yang berpotensi besar menurunkan emisi GRK dengan biaya rendah di Kabupaten Grobogan adalah penerapan teknik budidaya padi dengan penerapan Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) dan penggantian varietas padi dengan varietas padi yang rendah emisi GRK. Sementara di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, teknologi ameliorasi dengan kompos, pupuk kan...
Recently, large areas of tropical peatland have been converted into agricultural fields. To be us... more Recently, large areas of tropical peatland have been converted into agricultural fields. To be used for agricultural activities, peat soils need to be drained, limed and fertilized due to excess water, low nutrient content and high acidity. Water depth and amelioration have significant effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) production. Twenty-seven soil samples were collected from Jabiren, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, in 2014 to examine the effect of water depth and amelioration on GHG emissions. Soil columns were formed in the peatland using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe with a diameter of 21 cm and a length of 100 cm. The PVC pipe was inserted vertically into the soil to a depth of 100 cm and carefully pulled up with the soil inside after sealing the bottom. The treatments consisting of three static water depths (15, 35 and 55 cm from the soil surface) and three ameliorants (without ameliorant/control, biochar+compost and steel slag+compost) were arranged using a randomized block design with two factors and three replications. Fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from the soil columns were measured weekly. There was a linear relationship between water depth and CO 2 emissions. No significant difference was observed in the CH 4 emissions in response to water depth and amelioration. The ameliorations influenced the CO 2 and N 2 O emissions from the peat soil. The application of biochar+compost enhanced the CO 2 and N 2 O emissions but reduced the CH 4 emission. Moreover, the application of steel slag+compost increased the emissions of all three gases. The highest CO 2 and N 2 O emissions occurred in response to the biochar+compost treatment followed by the steel slag-compost treatment and without ameliorant. Soil pH, redox potential (Eh) and temperature influenced the CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes. Experiments for monitoring water depth and amelioration should be developed using peat soil as well as peat soil-crop systems.
Abstract The increasing human population requires greater rice production. However, rice cultivat... more Abstract The increasing human population requires greater rice production. However, rice cultivation contributes to global warming through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Technologies for reducing GHG emissions in concert with the increased rice production from rice fields are needed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of steel slag applications on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and rice yields. Two study sites were established at the experimental farm belonging to Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI) in Jakenan and a farmer’s field in Wedarijaksa sub-district, Indonesia. Both field trials were conducted during the dry season (DS) of 2009 and the rainy season (RS) of 2009/2010. During the DS, a randomized block design was arranged with two treatments (a control and a steel slag application at 1 Mg ha−1), which were replicated five times. During the RS, the experimental plot with 1 Mg ha−1 of steel slag treatment was split into two small sub-plots to accommodate the additional 1 and 2 Mg ha−1 steel slag treatments. The results showed that there was a decreasing tendency in the CH4 emissions at both sites and during both seasons after steel slag applications, although there was no statistical significance. During the RS in Jakenan, steel slag applications at rates of 1 and 2 Mg ha−1 decreased the CH4 emissions by 9.1 and 10.7%, respectively. In Wedarijaksa, steel slag applications at rates of 1 and 2 Mg ha−1 decreased the CH4 emissions by 12.6 to 18.7%, respectively. The N2O emissions were decreased by 34 and 38% following slag applications at the 2 Mg ha−1 rate during the RS in Jakenan and Wedarijaksa, respectively. The iron content of steel slag could be used to reduce not only CH4 but also N2O emissions. Increased level of electron acceptors suppresses CH4 and N2O emissions. The application of steel slag at 1 and 2 Mg ha−1 increased rice grain yields by approximately 4.8–5.6% in Jakenan and 0.3–4.7% in Wedarijaksa. It might be better to apply steel slag at higher rates for more than two growing seasons to reach reduction in CH4 and N2O emissions.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Agricultural soils managed with a large amount of fertilizer generate nitrous oxide (N2O). This s... more Agricultural soils managed with a large amount of fertilizer generate nitrous oxide (N2O). This study aims to observe the N2O flux rates from four organic matter treatments and examining soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) and soil temperature in rainy and dry seasons. The experimental sites took place on a silt loam soil with four organic matter treatments, i.e., 1). No organic matter (OM), 2). Chicken manure, 3). Cattle manure, and 4). Bio-compost. N2O fluxes were measured bi-weekly during the rainy season and weekly during the dry season. Soil WFPS and soil temperature were both determine at the same time. N2O fluxes from Shallot were significantly different between rainy and dry season (p<0.01), but not between treatments. It is ranged between 3.58 to 20.19 mg N2O m−2 d−1 on the rainy season and between 0.57 to 2.79 mg N2O m−2 d−1 on dry season. The linear regression showed that both soil WFPS and soil temperature only significantly relate to N2O fluxes in the rainy season. S...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands are influenced by many factors and most of them are... more Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands are influenced by many factors and most of them are difficult to control. Soil temperature and moisture regulate biological reactions in the soil leading to gas production. It is a complex mechanism, considering the difficulty in controlling soil moisture and temperature. The study aimed to assess the consequence of soil moisture and temperature alteration on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission through water level management. Soil samples were collected using a 21 cm (diameter) and 100 cm (length) of polyvinyl chloride (PVC); each was dipped into big bucket to control water level. Water levels were controlled in daily basis. Three different water levels were arranged, i.e., at 15 cm, 35 cm and 55 cm beneath earth surface and were replicated 3 times. The results showed that water levels affected soil and water temperature. Non-linear relationship between temperature and CO2 emission (P < 0.01) was discovered in this research. The lowest soil...
<div><p></p><p>The increasing human population requires greater rice prod... more <div><p></p><p>The increasing human population requires greater rice production. However, rice cultivation contributes to global warming through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Technologies for reducing GHG emissions in concert with the increased rice production from rice fields are needed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of steel slag applications on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions and rice yields. Two study sites were established at the experimental farm belonging to Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI) in Jakenan and a farmer’s field in Wedarijaksa sub-district, Indonesia. Both field trials were conducted during the dry season (DS) of 2009 and the rainy season (RS) of 2009/2010. During the DS, a randomized block design was arranged with two treatments (a control and a steel slag application at 1 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>), which were replicated five times. During the RS, the experimental plot with 1 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> of steel slag treatment was split into two small sub-plots to accommodate the additional 1 and 2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> steel slag treatments. The results showed that there was a decreasing tendency in the CH<sub>4</sub> emissions at both sites and during both seasons after steel slag applications, although there was no statistical significance. During the RS in Jakenan, steel slag applications at rates of 1 and 2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> decreased the CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by 9.1 and 10.7%, respectively. In Wedarijaksa, steel slag applications at rates of 1 and 2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> decreased the CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by 12.6 to 18.7%, respectively. The N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were decreased by 34 and 38% following slag applications at the 2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> rate during the RS in Jakenan and Wedarijaksa, respectively. The iron content of steel slag could be used to reduce not only CH<sub>4</sub> but also N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Increased level of electron acceptors suppresses CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The application of steel slag at 1 and 2 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> increased rice grain yields by approximately 4.8–5.6% in Jakenan and 0.3–4.7% in Wedarijaksa. It might be better to apply steel slag at higher rates for more than two growing seasons to reach reduction in CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions.</p></div
Agricultural land extensification on peat land is one solution to fulfill national needed on food... more Agricultural land extensification on peat land is one solution to fulfill national needed on food. Peat soil contains organic matter therefore it becomes one source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), i.e. Dioxide carbon (CO2), metahne (CH4), and NO2. Land use for agricultural activities will change the natural condition of peat soil. The changes could increase GHG emissions. One way to reduce GHG emissions and to increase rice production in peat soils is by adding of ameliorant. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ameliorant on carbon balance at peat soil paddy rice. The experiment was conducted at research station of Agricultural Environmental Research Institute in 2008. Samples of peat soil as much as 8 tons was carried from South Kalimantan and placed into 12 microplots. The size of microplot was 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.8 m. Experimental design used randomized block design with four treatments: control, dolomite 2 t ha-1, rice straw 2 t ha-1 and animal manure 2 t ha-1 whic...
Organic material application for cultivated crops is assumed to be improving the activity of deni... more Organic material application for cultivated crops is assumed to be improving the activity of denitrification microbe and N2O emission. Natural N2O emission can increase due to agricultural activity. This activity directly adds the nitrogen input into soil and can be converted into N2O form. The amount of 1,25% N applied into soil as organic manure was transformed into N2O. This research objective is to study the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from rainfed ricefield with various crop management system. This research was conducted at Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI) in RS 2009 and designed in Randomized Block Design replicated three times with six treatments, ie. (1) Non-Integrated Crop Management (Non ICM)/control ; with anorganic fertilizer as farmer’s suggestion (120 kg ha-1 N, 90 kg ha-1 P, and 90 kg ha-1 K); without organic materials; continuous irrigation (continously flooded), seeds 25 DAS and plant distance 20 x 20 cm. : (2) Non-ICM/Control ; equ...
Abstrak. Lahan pertanian menyumbangkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) melalui beberapa proses. Skala ... more Abstrak. Lahan pertanian menyumbangkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) melalui beberapa proses. Skala global dan nasional, perhitungan besaran emisi GRK telah banyak dilakukan, baik dalam bentuk studi ilmiah maupun laporan nasional terkait status dan emisi di suatu negara. Inventarisasi GRK dalam skala kawasan, mencakup pengumpulan serta pembangunan data aktivitas, penentuan sasaran penurunan emisi pada penyumbang emisi utama serta membandingkan hasil perhitungan metode IPCC 2006 dan metode modifikasinya. Sumber emisi GRK utama berdasarkan jenis gas di dua kabupaten adalah gas CH4 (pengelolaan lahan sawah, fermentasi enterik dan pengelolaan kotoran ternak) yaitu sebesar > 50% (dalam CO2e). Total emisi GRK Kabupaten Grobogan dan Tanjung Jabung Timur dari tahun 2006-2011 dengan menggunakan metode IPCC 2006 adalah sebesar 678-758 Gg CO2e dan 543-659Gg CO2e, sedangkan dengan menggunakan metode IPCC 2006 modifikasi adalah sebesar 670-744 Gg CO2e dan 540-658 Gg CO2e. Emisi ini diperkirakan ...
Rice is an essential crop in Indonesia. Any aspects of rice to increase productivity have been we... more Rice is an essential crop in Indonesia. Any aspects of rice to increase productivity have been well studied and documented; however, there are still lacking well-documented studies on its environmental aspects, including climate change. Many researches might already be conducted, but only a few have been published in a peer-reviewed journal. There is still a lack of robust data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the rice field in Indonesia, factors affecting and the technology on how to reduce it. From the reviewed publications, it was found out that research only conducted under a controlled environmental setting. More research on understanding the controlling factors (e.g., water management, rice cultivar, soil types, and fertilizer) of GHG emission from rice field is still needed. The result will introduce a sustainable farming practice, with low in GHG emissions, high in productivity, simple to apply and generate more income to farmers. This review has identified the gaps f...
Budidaya tanaman padi memegang peranan penting dalam peningkatkan produksi pangan di Indonesia da... more Budidaya tanaman padi memegang peranan penting dalam peningkatkan produksi pangan di Indonesia dan pembentukan emisi CH4 dari lahan sawah. Pemberian bahan organik ke dalam tanah berfungsi untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah dan meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman, disisi lain dapat menyebabkan emisi gas rumah kaca. Besaran emisi CH4 akibat pemberian bahan organik tergantung pada kandungan C organik dan tingkat dekomposisinya. Pemilihan bahan organik yang tepat perlu dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi emisi CH4 tanpa mengabaikan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan bahan organik yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas sekaligus menekan emisi CH4 dari budidaya tanaman padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2016-Januari 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, yang merupakan salah satu daerah tadah hujan di Kabupaten Pati, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian disusun secara acak kelompok de...
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri, 2018
Expansion of sugarcane areal to support enhancement production and fulfilment target of self-suff... more Expansion of sugarcane areal to support enhancement production and fulfilment target of self-sufficiency for national sugar should be conducted to see environment impact, particularly related to greenhouse gases emission. The objective of this study was to figure out N2O emission from conventional sugarcane plantation by farmer in rainfed area. The observation of N2O gas was carried out in sugarcane plantation in Sidomukti Village, Jaken District, Pati, Central Java. Sampling of N2O gas was conducted by close chamber method. The study showed that maximum fluxes of sugarcane plantation before and after fertilizer application are 4.011 and 223 µg N2O m-2 day-1. Meanwhile, after fertilizer application the maximum and minimum fluxes of N2O are 6.408 and 25 µg N2O m -2 day-1. N2O emission from sugarcane plantation recorded in rainfed area as 4.21 ± 2.53 kg N2O ha-1 year-1 with potential of global warming number as 1.31 ton CO2-e per hectar per year.Emisi N2O dari Pertanaman Tebu di Lahan...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Paddy rice field is the main contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) (CH4 and N2O) emissions in Indon... more Paddy rice field is the main contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) (CH4 and N2O) emissions in Indonesia. The actions to mitigate these emissions and maintain yield have being a serious concern. This study aims to investigate the emission of CH4 and N2O and determine the limiting factors of CH4 and N2O emission due to water regime and organic matter (OM) amendment in inceptisol soil. Treatments consist of two factors, the first factor was water regime, e.g., 1) continuously flooded, and 2) Alternate wetting-drying (AWD). The second factor was organic matter amendment, e.g., 1) with OM 3 t ha-1, and 2) without OM. The results showed that the addition of organic matter to the soils alongside managing its water regime with AWD resulted in low daily CH4 emissions compare to continuous flooded. No significant difference (p<0.05) in daily N2O emission between AWD and continuous flooded. The dynamic of C-org, Eh, Fe2O3, MnO2 in the soil due to water regime were affected daily CH4 emissions...
N2O emission from agriculture has been assumed to increase by 30-35% until 2030. This gas has a m... more N2O emission from agriculture has been assumed to increase by 30-35% until 2030. This gas has a major contribute to the emission from agriculture. N2O emission from managed soils is the 2nd contributor to green house gas (GHG) emission from agriculture in Indonesia. Rainfed area requested high management input. This research aimed to examine N2O emission from different crops in the rainfed area and its affecting factors, also to identify things that need to be considered in conducting N2O measurement from managed soil. Research conducted in Pati and Blora District, Central Java Province. Four (4) different experimental sites with 4 different crops were chosen. Those were mung bean, rubber plantation and sugarcane which located within Pati District, and maize crop which located in Blora District. No treatment was applied. Gas samples were taken following the day after fertilizing. Daily N2O fluxes from managed soil in tropical land of Indonesia determine by several factors, which are...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018
Addressing the climate change on agricultural sector as an approach to increase rice productivity... more Addressing the climate change on agricultural sector as an approach to increase rice productivity, which at the same time also mitigate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, economically feasible, socially acceptable and hence appropriate for policy support, is a special challenge. This study provided Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) technology to address the multi-dimensional complexity in agriculture system including climate, economic and technology for farmers and the community. The research locations were selected on particularly major irrigated rice fields at three districts in Central Java, i.e. Banjarnegara, Purbalingga and Banyumas District. Demo plots were used to compare the Farmers practice with CSA technology. The CSA technology used were: leaf color chart to apply N fertilizer, paddy soil test kit for determining basic fertilizer, organic matter amendment and intermittent irrigation. This study shows that CSA reduced GHG emissions than Farmers practice between 7-23% of Global Warming Potential and achieved economic benefit between 42-129%. Introducing CSA to the farmers and community is recommended to cope with climate change as the adaptation and mitigation actions. Despite very clear advantages in reducing GHG emission and climate change adaptation, many constraints must be faced by the implementation of CSA in the field.
Greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere significantly increases with the annual av... more Greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere significantly increases with the annual average increase on the past decade (2005-2014) is 2.1 ppm. Today's concentration is 403 ppm, while the upper safety limit for atmospheric CO2 is 350 ppm. This rising concentration mainly affects global warming and climate change. This study aims to analyze mitigation options in paddy field management that may be conducted through a marginal abatement (MAC) approach by selecting mitigation actions with low cost and high potential emission decrease. This analysis was carried out using the Net Present Value (NPV). Locations were selected purposively in Grobogan Regency, Central Java Province, and East Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, in 2013. Data collected consisted of GHG emissions baseline estimate, costs of production and total revenue. Baseline emission was computed using the appropriate approach of 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The results showed that abatement cost to reduce 1 tCO2e in Grobogan Regency from the lowest to highest were low methane rice variety with the cost of Rp106/tCO2e, intermittent irrigation (Rp124/tCO2e), direct seeded rice (Rp657/tCO2e) and shifting between urea granules with urea tablets (Rp3,582/tCO2e). Meanwhile in East Tanjung Jabung Regency, the lowest to highest costs were compost for amelioration (Rp163/tCO2e), farmyard manure for amelioration (Rp456/tCO2e), direct seeded (Rp504/tCO2e) and interaction between no tillage+direct seeded rice (Rp608/tCO2e). These costs did not include tax, transport and other social costs.
ABSTRAK Komitmen Pemerintah Indonesia untuk penurunan emisi GRK sebesar 26% sampai 2020, melibatk... more ABSTRAK Komitmen Pemerintah Indonesia untuk penurunan emisi GRK sebesar 26% sampai 2020, melibatkan keikutsertaan daerah secara aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis opsi-opsi mitigasi pada pengelolaan lahan sawah yang mungkin dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Marginal Abatement Cost atau biaya pengurangan emisi yang berprinsip pada pemilihan aksi mitigasi dengan biaya rendah dan potensi penurunan yang besar. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara purposive yaitu di Kabupaten Grobogan Propinsi Jawa Tengah dan Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur Propinsi Jambi pada tahun 2013 untuk analisis tahun 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teknologi mitigasi yang berpotensi besar menurunkan emisi GRK dengan biaya rendah di Kabupaten Grobogan adalah penerapan teknik budidaya padi dengan penerapan Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) dan penggantian varietas padi dengan varietas padi yang rendah emisi GRK. Sementara di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, teknologi ameliorasi dengan kompos, pupuk kan...
Recently, large areas of tropical peatland have been converted into agricultural fields. To be us... more Recently, large areas of tropical peatland have been converted into agricultural fields. To be used for agricultural activities, peat soils need to be drained, limed and fertilized due to excess water, low nutrient content and high acidity. Water depth and amelioration have significant effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) production. Twenty-seven soil samples were collected from Jabiren, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, in 2014 to examine the effect of water depth and amelioration on GHG emissions. Soil columns were formed in the peatland using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe with a diameter of 21 cm and a length of 100 cm. The PVC pipe was inserted vertically into the soil to a depth of 100 cm and carefully pulled up with the soil inside after sealing the bottom. The treatments consisting of three static water depths (15, 35 and 55 cm from the soil surface) and three ameliorants (without ameliorant/control, biochar+compost and steel slag+compost) were arranged using a randomized block design with two factors and three replications. Fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from the soil columns were measured weekly. There was a linear relationship between water depth and CO 2 emissions. No significant difference was observed in the CH 4 emissions in response to water depth and amelioration. The ameliorations influenced the CO 2 and N 2 O emissions from the peat soil. The application of biochar+compost enhanced the CO 2 and N 2 O emissions but reduced the CH 4 emission. Moreover, the application of steel slag+compost increased the emissions of all three gases. The highest CO 2 and N 2 O emissions occurred in response to the biochar+compost treatment followed by the steel slag-compost treatment and without ameliorant. Soil pH, redox potential (Eh) and temperature influenced the CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes. Experiments for monitoring water depth and amelioration should be developed using peat soil as well as peat soil-crop systems.
Abstract The increasing human population requires greater rice production. However, rice cultivat... more Abstract The increasing human population requires greater rice production. However, rice cultivation contributes to global warming through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Technologies for reducing GHG emissions in concert with the increased rice production from rice fields are needed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of steel slag applications on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and rice yields. Two study sites were established at the experimental farm belonging to Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI) in Jakenan and a farmer’s field in Wedarijaksa sub-district, Indonesia. Both field trials were conducted during the dry season (DS) of 2009 and the rainy season (RS) of 2009/2010. During the DS, a randomized block design was arranged with two treatments (a control and a steel slag application at 1 Mg ha−1), which were replicated five times. During the RS, the experimental plot with 1 Mg ha−1 of steel slag treatment was split into two small sub-plots to accommodate the additional 1 and 2 Mg ha−1 steel slag treatments. The results showed that there was a decreasing tendency in the CH4 emissions at both sites and during both seasons after steel slag applications, although there was no statistical significance. During the RS in Jakenan, steel slag applications at rates of 1 and 2 Mg ha−1 decreased the CH4 emissions by 9.1 and 10.7%, respectively. In Wedarijaksa, steel slag applications at rates of 1 and 2 Mg ha−1 decreased the CH4 emissions by 12.6 to 18.7%, respectively. The N2O emissions were decreased by 34 and 38% following slag applications at the 2 Mg ha−1 rate during the RS in Jakenan and Wedarijaksa, respectively. The iron content of steel slag could be used to reduce not only CH4 but also N2O emissions. Increased level of electron acceptors suppresses CH4 and N2O emissions. The application of steel slag at 1 and 2 Mg ha−1 increased rice grain yields by approximately 4.8–5.6% in Jakenan and 0.3–4.7% in Wedarijaksa. It might be better to apply steel slag at higher rates for more than two growing seasons to reach reduction in CH4 and N2O emissions.
Uploads
Papers by miranti ariani