The study was conducted in one of the private fields of Wasit Governorate for the period from 22/... more The study was conducted in one of the private fields of Wasit Governorate for the period from 22/1/2019 to 11/5/2019. The study aimed to investigate the impact of feeding different levels of saponins on the productive performance of Awassi lambs. Sixteen Awassi lambs aged three-four months with an average weight of 23.68 kg were used. The lambs were randomly divided into four experimental treatments with four animals for each. The diet provided at 3% of the body weight. The feed was provided with two meals (8 am and 4 pm). The 1st treatment was control (without addition), while in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th treatments, saponins was added at level of 60, 120 and 180 mg.kg-1 DM feed respectively. Adding saponins at 180 mg.kg-1 DM increased the final body weight at the second and third months of the study with 34.35 and 40.36 kg, respectively. Total gain was increased in this treatment from 15.03 kg in control to 17.47 kg. Feed conversion ratio of the same treatment was 5.52 as compared wit...
Several polymorphisms in different gene loci have been noted to affect production traits such as ... more Several polymorphisms in different gene loci have been noted to affect production traits such as milk yield and milk composition. The present study aimed to determine the allelic and genotypic frequency of the DGAT1 gene and evaluate the associations between DGAT1 genetic variants and milk yield and its chemical composition of local Iraqi cattle. Blood samples from 100 cows were obtained for DNA isolation. The primer used in this study amplified 411-bp fragments at exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene. DNA sequencing methods were applied to detect single nucleotide polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene in 100 cows. The nucleotide sequences of exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene were registered for local Iraqi cattle in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ), and the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) under the following accession numbers (LC492073 and LC492074). The results showed the presence of two polymorphic sites leading to the construction of 2 different hapl...
Journal of Tikrit University For Agriculture Sciences, 2011
Gompertz growth model in different form (4 methods) were used to describe growth curve of Arabi m... more Gompertz growth model in different form (4 methods) were used to describe growth curve of Arabi male and female lambs. Data of body weight at birth and later to one year of Fourty lambs were purchased from a private herd in Al-Medina/ north Al-Basra governorate. All form of Gompertz models described Arabi sheep growth very accurately as R2 did not fell under 80%. Males showed heavier weight at maturity (51.291 kg or 44.300 kg for method 1 & 2) than females (45.532 kg or 40.601kg for method 1 & 2) with slower growth rate (0.0063 vs. 0.0065 for females). A highest negative correlation was found (>- 0.90) between mature weight and growth rate. Males also obtained higher maximum growth rate (118.99 gm/day vs. 109.24 gm/day, method 1) and weight or growth rate at inflection point (20.99 kg or 143.00 gm/day vs. 14.52 kg or 139.47 gm/ day for females). It can be concluded that Arabi sheep breed is a small breed with males grow in slower rate with heavier mature weight than females which mature earlier with lighter mature weight. Key words: Arabi sheep, Growth models, male, female
Summary A total of 4714 records collected from 733 cows progeny of 13 sires through the period fr... more Summary A total of 4714 records collected from 733 cows progeny of 13 sires through the period from 1989 to 2000 in Al-Nassr Dairy Cattle Station were used to estimate the heritability and breeding values of sires for total milk yield, days in milk, calving interval, dry period and age at first calving. Individual animal models were fitted to the total milk yield from all lactations to estimate breeding values by Restricted Maximum Likelihood methodology. Heritability was estimated by using different methodology. Their values for milk yield, days in milk and dry period, calving interval and age at first calving were (0.05-0.21), (0.02-0.09), (0.32-1.00), (0.00-0.23) and (0.36-0.43) respectively. The estimated breeding values for milk yield ranged from –394.00 to 475.00 kg. Estimates of the positive breeding value (BV, %) was 48.56 %. Breeding values of days in milk ranged from -5.44 to 6.30 days and 45.48% respectively. However, sires showed lower (23%) positive breeding value for b...
American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 2018
We investigated the effects of prolactin gene polymorphisms on milk contents in women. The main a... more We investigated the effects of prolactin gene polymorphisms on milk contents in women. The main aim of this work is to determine the genotypes of prolactin and its relationship with some milk chemical contents in women. Genotyping was carried out at Molecular Genetic Laboratory at the College of Agriculture, whereas biochemical assays were performed at the Department of Diseases Analyses at the South Technical University. Blood samples were collected for the prolactin-related gene. DNA was extracted from fifty candidate women. The extra-pituitary prolactin gene promoter 1149 G/T was subjected to XapI restriction enzyme. In this analysis PRL-Pxa, I products result in three genotypes TT, TG and GG, as well as the population, is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Our results showed that the highest milk fat yield, milk protein, lactose and sold not fat (SNF) materials percentages were obtained by the genotype GG.
The USAID Iraq Marshlands Restoration Program (IMRP) promoted the application of two promising in... more The USAID Iraq Marshlands Restoration Program (IMRP) promoted the application of two promising initiatives tested from 2004 to 2006: (1) the introduction of alfalfa and maize fodder to feed and improve the nutrition of buffalo and (2) the creation of a veterinary service to increase livestock production and health. The livestock sector in the marshlands has seen dramatic improvement since IMRP ended in 2006. These changes are across the board in the absolute number of livestock (from 66,700 heads in 2006 to 111,525 heads in 2017) and in their increasing diversity (buffalo were 74.33% of all livestock in 2006 but decreased to 70.33% in 2017). Buffalo, specifically, had greater birth weight (40 kg in 2006 and 45.6 kg in 2017), greater daily growth rates (0.3 kg in 2006 and 1-1.25 kg in 2017), higher daily milk yields (8.81 kg/day in 2006 and 9.69 kg/day in 2017), and longer lactation periods (150 days in 2006 and 238 days in 2017). There have been accompanying advances in the closely related meat and dairy markets. Live weight and market prices for buffalo and cattle have increased three-to four-fold. Rising daily milk yields also sparked the creation of cottage industries to produce dairy products using higher fat buffalo milk. These changes all point to an increasingly healthy and dynamic livestock sector in the marshlands. However, other anticipated changes in the marshlands did not meet expectations. In 2006, IMRP predicted a strong shift away from the historical dominance of buffalo ownership to a more diversified pattern of ownership that included the relatively newly introduced cattle and a rapid increase in sheep holdings, making the latter the dominate animal. Instead, buffaloes have continued to be the vastly most numerous animals owned in the marshlands. In 2017, they ranged from 65 to 75% of all livestock holdings. Greater access to reflooded marshes by buffalo herders and increased financial earnings realized from meat and dairy production may help to explain the continued reliance on buffalo ownership. IMRP's introduction of a veterinary service dedicated to working in the marshlands villages was far less successful but highly regarded by Marsh Arabs, being the first time that the services were offered in the marshes.
SUMMARY Age structures of dairy cattle populations were determined from 4 years of data from the ... more SUMMARY Age structures of dairy cattle populations were determined from 4 years of data from the Victorian Herd Improvement Program. The effects of herd size, major genotype being kept and region on age structure were significant. Historical fluctuations in the ...
The study was conducted in one of the private fields of Wasit Governorate for the period from 22/... more The study was conducted in one of the private fields of Wasit Governorate for the period from 22/1/2019 to 11/5/2019. The study aimed to investigate the impact of feeding different levels of saponins on the productive performance of Awassi lambs. Sixteen Awassi lambs aged three-four months with an average weight of 23.68 kg were used. The lambs were randomly divided into four experimental treatments with four animals for each. The diet provided at 3% of the body weight. The feed was provided with two meals (8 am and 4 pm). The 1st treatment was control (without addition), while in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th treatments, saponins was added at level of 60, 120 and 180 mg.kg-1 DM feed respectively. Adding saponins at 180 mg.kg-1 DM increased the final body weight at the second and third months of the study with 34.35 and 40.36 kg, respectively. Total gain was increased in this treatment from 15.03 kg in control to 17.47 kg. Feed conversion ratio of the same treatment was 5.52 as compared wit...
Several polymorphisms in different gene loci have been noted to affect production traits such as ... more Several polymorphisms in different gene loci have been noted to affect production traits such as milk yield and milk composition. The present study aimed to determine the allelic and genotypic frequency of the DGAT1 gene and evaluate the associations between DGAT1 genetic variants and milk yield and its chemical composition of local Iraqi cattle. Blood samples from 100 cows were obtained for DNA isolation. The primer used in this study amplified 411-bp fragments at exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene. DNA sequencing methods were applied to detect single nucleotide polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene in 100 cows. The nucleotide sequences of exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene were registered for local Iraqi cattle in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ), and the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) under the following accession numbers (LC492073 and LC492074). The results showed the presence of two polymorphic sites leading to the construction of 2 different hapl...
Journal of Tikrit University For Agriculture Sciences, 2011
Gompertz growth model in different form (4 methods) were used to describe growth curve of Arabi m... more Gompertz growth model in different form (4 methods) were used to describe growth curve of Arabi male and female lambs. Data of body weight at birth and later to one year of Fourty lambs were purchased from a private herd in Al-Medina/ north Al-Basra governorate. All form of Gompertz models described Arabi sheep growth very accurately as R2 did not fell under 80%. Males showed heavier weight at maturity (51.291 kg or 44.300 kg for method 1 & 2) than females (45.532 kg or 40.601kg for method 1 & 2) with slower growth rate (0.0063 vs. 0.0065 for females). A highest negative correlation was found (>- 0.90) between mature weight and growth rate. Males also obtained higher maximum growth rate (118.99 gm/day vs. 109.24 gm/day, method 1) and weight or growth rate at inflection point (20.99 kg or 143.00 gm/day vs. 14.52 kg or 139.47 gm/ day for females). It can be concluded that Arabi sheep breed is a small breed with males grow in slower rate with heavier mature weight than females which mature earlier with lighter mature weight. Key words: Arabi sheep, Growth models, male, female
Summary A total of 4714 records collected from 733 cows progeny of 13 sires through the period fr... more Summary A total of 4714 records collected from 733 cows progeny of 13 sires through the period from 1989 to 2000 in Al-Nassr Dairy Cattle Station were used to estimate the heritability and breeding values of sires for total milk yield, days in milk, calving interval, dry period and age at first calving. Individual animal models were fitted to the total milk yield from all lactations to estimate breeding values by Restricted Maximum Likelihood methodology. Heritability was estimated by using different methodology. Their values for milk yield, days in milk and dry period, calving interval and age at first calving were (0.05-0.21), (0.02-0.09), (0.32-1.00), (0.00-0.23) and (0.36-0.43) respectively. The estimated breeding values for milk yield ranged from –394.00 to 475.00 kg. Estimates of the positive breeding value (BV, %) was 48.56 %. Breeding values of days in milk ranged from -5.44 to 6.30 days and 45.48% respectively. However, sires showed lower (23%) positive breeding value for b...
American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 2018
We investigated the effects of prolactin gene polymorphisms on milk contents in women. The main a... more We investigated the effects of prolactin gene polymorphisms on milk contents in women. The main aim of this work is to determine the genotypes of prolactin and its relationship with some milk chemical contents in women. Genotyping was carried out at Molecular Genetic Laboratory at the College of Agriculture, whereas biochemical assays were performed at the Department of Diseases Analyses at the South Technical University. Blood samples were collected for the prolactin-related gene. DNA was extracted from fifty candidate women. The extra-pituitary prolactin gene promoter 1149 G/T was subjected to XapI restriction enzyme. In this analysis PRL-Pxa, I products result in three genotypes TT, TG and GG, as well as the population, is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Our results showed that the highest milk fat yield, milk protein, lactose and sold not fat (SNF) materials percentages were obtained by the genotype GG.
The USAID Iraq Marshlands Restoration Program (IMRP) promoted the application of two promising in... more The USAID Iraq Marshlands Restoration Program (IMRP) promoted the application of two promising initiatives tested from 2004 to 2006: (1) the introduction of alfalfa and maize fodder to feed and improve the nutrition of buffalo and (2) the creation of a veterinary service to increase livestock production and health. The livestock sector in the marshlands has seen dramatic improvement since IMRP ended in 2006. These changes are across the board in the absolute number of livestock (from 66,700 heads in 2006 to 111,525 heads in 2017) and in their increasing diversity (buffalo were 74.33% of all livestock in 2006 but decreased to 70.33% in 2017). Buffalo, specifically, had greater birth weight (40 kg in 2006 and 45.6 kg in 2017), greater daily growth rates (0.3 kg in 2006 and 1-1.25 kg in 2017), higher daily milk yields (8.81 kg/day in 2006 and 9.69 kg/day in 2017), and longer lactation periods (150 days in 2006 and 238 days in 2017). There have been accompanying advances in the closely related meat and dairy markets. Live weight and market prices for buffalo and cattle have increased three-to four-fold. Rising daily milk yields also sparked the creation of cottage industries to produce dairy products using higher fat buffalo milk. These changes all point to an increasingly healthy and dynamic livestock sector in the marshlands. However, other anticipated changes in the marshlands did not meet expectations. In 2006, IMRP predicted a strong shift away from the historical dominance of buffalo ownership to a more diversified pattern of ownership that included the relatively newly introduced cattle and a rapid increase in sheep holdings, making the latter the dominate animal. Instead, buffaloes have continued to be the vastly most numerous animals owned in the marshlands. In 2017, they ranged from 65 to 75% of all livestock holdings. Greater access to reflooded marshes by buffalo herders and increased financial earnings realized from meat and dairy production may help to explain the continued reliance on buffalo ownership. IMRP's introduction of a veterinary service dedicated to working in the marshlands villages was far less successful but highly regarded by Marsh Arabs, being the first time that the services were offered in the marshes.
SUMMARY Age structures of dairy cattle populations were determined from 4 years of data from the ... more SUMMARY Age structures of dairy cattle populations were determined from 4 years of data from the Victorian Herd Improvement Program. The effects of herd size, major genotype being kept and region on age structure were significant. Historical fluctuations in the ...
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