We have developed a dose-tracking system (DTS) that calculates the radiation dose to the patient'... more We have developed a dose-tracking system (DTS) that calculates the radiation dose to the patient's skin in real-time by acquiring exposure parameters and imaging-system-geometry from the digital bus on a Toshiba Infinix C-arm unit. The cumulative dose values are then displayed as a color map on an OpenGL-based 3D graphic of the patient for immediate feedback to the interventionalist. Determination of those elements on the surface of the patient 3D-graphic that intersect the beam and calculation of the dose for these elements in real time demands fast computation. Reducing the size of the elements results in more computation load on the computer processor and therefore a tradeoff occurs between the resolution of the patient graphic and the real-time performance of the DTS. The speed of the DTS for calculating dose to the skin is limited by the central processing unit (CPU) and can be improved by using the parallel processing power of a graphics processing unit (GPU). Here, we compare the performance speed of GPU-based DTS software to that of the current CPU-based software as a function of the resolution of the patient graphics. Results show a tremendous improvement in speed using the GPU. While an increase in the spatial resolution of the patient graphics resulted in slowing down the computational speed of the DTS on the CPU, the speed of the GPU-based DTS was hardly affected. This GPU-based DTS can be a powerful tool for providing accurate, real-time feedback about patient skin-dose to physicians while performing interventional procedures.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 2017
Handwriting comparison is of utmost importance as an evidence in courts as it works both in civil... more Handwriting comparison is of utmost importance as an evidence in courts as it works both in civil and criminal investigations and enquiries. The law of evidence in India recognizes the role of expert opinion but on the bases of its scientific reliability expert evidence is relied upon by the courts.This paper analyses the judgements of the High Courts and those of the subordinate courts to trace out the importance of handwriting comparison and find out the shortcomings in its process comparing questioned documents with the original/accepted documents. The objective is to identify the scope and areas needing further improvement in its technological or software terms. For this purpose, 10 reported relevant judgements of the High Courts and 36 cases of District courts have been scanned.
Communications in Computer and Information Science
Web crawling and word sensing are critical nowadays. In case of web browsing, searching consume t... more Web crawling and word sensing are critical nowadays. In case of web browsing, searching consume time in case proposer requirements from user is not extracted. In earlier work on web browsers word correction was missing which is a main inclusion in the proposed work. The problem with existing literature is time complexity in fetching the correct keyword from user query string. We propose character shuffle pre-processing searching mechanism. Using the proposed method, time complexity is reduced since clustering is used for searching the keywords. The searching don't required entire database to be searched over rather only particular cluster is searched. To fetch meaningful keywords database is maintained. The keywords within the database increases as more and more user interact with this search engine. The worth of this study is proved using parameters execution time and number of meaningful keywords.
2002 International Snow Science Workshop Penticton British Columbia, 2002
Avalan~hes caused. c?nsi~erab~e damage. initially to !he inhabitants of Himalayan belt but lately... more Avalan~hes caused. c?nsi~erab~e damage. initially to !he inhabitants of Himalayan belt but lately only a small propomon of the ongmal inhabitants of Himalayan regIOn have suffered due to avalanche menace. The inhabitants, after initial suffering settled their dwellings at safe places through logic as well as trial and error method. Th hazard, however, increased with the movement of persons in the inner belts of Himalayan region. The movemt his time was not for the settlement but for carrying out the various tasks in the high altitude snow bound regions. The paper analyses the evolution and progress of avalanche accidents in Western Himalayan region. The cause of some of the major avalanche disasters was found to be unprecedented weather situation that caught people offguard. The authors opine that with the increasing population and increased activity in the Himalaya belt like winter sports, adventure tourism, refuge in hills etc., the threat is likely to assume greater proportion in near future. While avalanche forecasting models are being refmed and fine-tuned and better equipment are being developed for safe travel through avalanche terrain, emphasis in the Western Himalayan region should also be given to awareness and quality education programme. This will help the pedestrians to take adequate precautionary measures while negotiating avalanche slopes.
A biplane dose-tracking system (Biplane-DTS) that provides a real-time display of the skin-dose d... more A biplane dose-tracking system (Biplane-DTS) that provides a real-time display of the skin-dose distribution on a 3D-patient graphic during neuro-interventional fluoroscopic procedures was developed. Biplane-DTS calculates patient skin dose using geometry and exposure information for the two gantries of the imaging system acquired from the digital system bus. The dose is calculated for individual points on the patient graphic surface for each exposure pulse and cumulative dose for both x-ray tubes is displayed as color maps on a split screen showing frontal and lateral projections of a 3D-humanoid graphic. Overall peak skin dose (PSD), FOV-PSD and current dose rates for the two gantries are also displayed. Biplane-DTS uses calibration files of mR/mAs for the frontal and lateral tubes measured with and without the table in the beam at the entrance surface of a 20 cm thick PMMA phantom placed 15 cm tube-side of the isocenter. For neuro-imaging, conversion factors are applied as a function of entrance field area to scale the calculated dose to that measured with a Phantom Laboratory head phantom which contains a human skull to account for differences in backscatter between PMMA and the human head. The software incorporates inverse-square correction to each point on the skin and corrects for angulation of the beam through the table. Dose calculated by Biplane DTS and values measured by a 6-cc ionization chamber placed on the head phantom at multiple points agree within a range of -3% to +7% with a standard deviation for all points of less than 3%.
Verification of the performance accuracy of a real-time skin-dose tracking system for interventio... more Verification of the performance accuracy of a real-time skin-dose tracking system for interventional fluoroscopic procedures. [Proceedings of SPIE 7961, 796127 (2011)]. Daniel R. Bednarek, Jeffery Barbarits, Vijay K. Rana, Srikanta P. Nagaraja, Madhur S. Josan, Stephen Rudin. ...
We have developed a dose-tracking system (DTS) that calculates the radiation dose to the patient'... more We have developed a dose-tracking system (DTS) that calculates the radiation dose to the patient's skin in real-time by acquiring exposure parameters and imaging-system-geometry from the digital bus on a Toshiba Infinix C-arm unit. The cumulative dose values are then displayed as a color map on an OpenGL-based 3D graphic of the patient for immediate feedback to the interventionalist. Determination of those elements on the surface of the patient 3D-graphic that intersect the beam and calculation of the dose for these elements in real time demands fast computation. Reducing the size of the elements results in more computation load on the computer processor and therefore a tradeoff occurs between the resolution of the patient graphic and the real-time performance of the DTS. The speed of the DTS for calculating dose to the skin is limited by the central processing unit (CPU) and can be improved by using the parallel processing power of a graphics processing unit (GPU). Here, we compare the performance speed of GPU-based DTS software to that of the current CPU-based software as a function of the resolution of the patient graphics. Results show a tremendous improvement in speed using the GPU. While an increase in the spatial resolution of the patient graphics resulted in slowing down the computational speed of the DTS on the CPU, the speed of the GPU-based DTS was hardly affected. This GPU-based DTS can be a powerful tool for providing accurate, real-time feedback about patient skin-dose to physicians while performing interventional procedures.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 2017
Handwriting comparison is of utmost importance as an evidence in courts as it works both in civil... more Handwriting comparison is of utmost importance as an evidence in courts as it works both in civil and criminal investigations and enquiries. The law of evidence in India recognizes the role of expert opinion but on the bases of its scientific reliability expert evidence is relied upon by the courts.This paper analyses the judgements of the High Courts and those of the subordinate courts to trace out the importance of handwriting comparison and find out the shortcomings in its process comparing questioned documents with the original/accepted documents. The objective is to identify the scope and areas needing further improvement in its technological or software terms. For this purpose, 10 reported relevant judgements of the High Courts and 36 cases of District courts have been scanned.
Communications in Computer and Information Science
Web crawling and word sensing are critical nowadays. In case of web browsing, searching consume t... more Web crawling and word sensing are critical nowadays. In case of web browsing, searching consume time in case proposer requirements from user is not extracted. In earlier work on web browsers word correction was missing which is a main inclusion in the proposed work. The problem with existing literature is time complexity in fetching the correct keyword from user query string. We propose character shuffle pre-processing searching mechanism. Using the proposed method, time complexity is reduced since clustering is used for searching the keywords. The searching don't required entire database to be searched over rather only particular cluster is searched. To fetch meaningful keywords database is maintained. The keywords within the database increases as more and more user interact with this search engine. The worth of this study is proved using parameters execution time and number of meaningful keywords.
2002 International Snow Science Workshop Penticton British Columbia, 2002
Avalan~hes caused. c?nsi~erab~e damage. initially to !he inhabitants of Himalayan belt but lately... more Avalan~hes caused. c?nsi~erab~e damage. initially to !he inhabitants of Himalayan belt but lately only a small propomon of the ongmal inhabitants of Himalayan regIOn have suffered due to avalanche menace. The inhabitants, after initial suffering settled their dwellings at safe places through logic as well as trial and error method. Th hazard, however, increased with the movement of persons in the inner belts of Himalayan region. The movemt his time was not for the settlement but for carrying out the various tasks in the high altitude snow bound regions. The paper analyses the evolution and progress of avalanche accidents in Western Himalayan region. The cause of some of the major avalanche disasters was found to be unprecedented weather situation that caught people offguard. The authors opine that with the increasing population and increased activity in the Himalaya belt like winter sports, adventure tourism, refuge in hills etc., the threat is likely to assume greater proportion in near future. While avalanche forecasting models are being refmed and fine-tuned and better equipment are being developed for safe travel through avalanche terrain, emphasis in the Western Himalayan region should also be given to awareness and quality education programme. This will help the pedestrians to take adequate precautionary measures while negotiating avalanche slopes.
A biplane dose-tracking system (Biplane-DTS) that provides a real-time display of the skin-dose d... more A biplane dose-tracking system (Biplane-DTS) that provides a real-time display of the skin-dose distribution on a 3D-patient graphic during neuro-interventional fluoroscopic procedures was developed. Biplane-DTS calculates patient skin dose using geometry and exposure information for the two gantries of the imaging system acquired from the digital system bus. The dose is calculated for individual points on the patient graphic surface for each exposure pulse and cumulative dose for both x-ray tubes is displayed as color maps on a split screen showing frontal and lateral projections of a 3D-humanoid graphic. Overall peak skin dose (PSD), FOV-PSD and current dose rates for the two gantries are also displayed. Biplane-DTS uses calibration files of mR/mAs for the frontal and lateral tubes measured with and without the table in the beam at the entrance surface of a 20 cm thick PMMA phantom placed 15 cm tube-side of the isocenter. For neuro-imaging, conversion factors are applied as a function of entrance field area to scale the calculated dose to that measured with a Phantom Laboratory head phantom which contains a human skull to account for differences in backscatter between PMMA and the human head. The software incorporates inverse-square correction to each point on the skin and corrects for angulation of the beam through the table. Dose calculated by Biplane DTS and values measured by a 6-cc ionization chamber placed on the head phantom at multiple points agree within a range of -3% to +7% with a standard deviation for all points of less than 3%.
Verification of the performance accuracy of a real-time skin-dose tracking system for interventio... more Verification of the performance accuracy of a real-time skin-dose tracking system for interventional fluoroscopic procedures. [Proceedings of SPIE 7961, 796127 (2011)]. Daniel R. Bednarek, Jeffery Barbarits, Vijay K. Rana, Srikanta P. Nagaraja, Madhur S. Josan, Stephen Rudin. ...
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