RESUMEN OBJETIVO: revisar y presentar resultados actualizados sobre la relación entre epilepsia t... more RESUMEN OBJETIVO: revisar y presentar resultados actualizados sobre la relación entre epilepsia tratada con ácido valproico y el síndrome de ovario poliquístico. DESARROLLO: se hace una revisión de la literatura publicada para tener un mejor entendimiento de la relación entre los trastornos endocrinos, la epilepsia y los anticonvulsivantes. Se debe atender de manera especial a aquellas pacientes obesas que reciben valproato o aquellas que experimentan un aumento desmesurado de peso. Las alteraciones aisladas de laboratorios o las imágenes diagnósticas sin síntomas, no han de conformar un trastorno endocrino de importancia clínica. CONCLUSIONES: si se encuentra una paciente con síndrome de ovario poliquístico, debe evaluarse el tratamiento anticonvulsivante para definir el más indicado, según el tipo de crisis, y asegurarse de que el tratamiento no contribuya al trastorno endocrino. El beneficio de cambiar el tratamiento debe ser analizado frente a la efectividad en términos del control de crisis y efectos secundarios de las otras alternativas terapéuticas.
RESUMEN OBJETIVO: el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar todos los aspectos relacionados... more RESUMEN OBJETIVO: el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar todos los aspectos relacionados con las complicaciones del hijo de madres con epilepsia haciendo énfasis en las causas que inciden en la altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad fetal y neonatal. DESARROLLO: existe un riesgo de malformaciones relacionado con el uso de medicamentos antiepilépticos que puede llegar hasta un 14% sobre todo durante el primer trimestre del embarazo. La politerapia y una predisposición genética también pueden aumentar el riesgo de malformaciones. Las malformaciones se dividen en mayores (defectos cardíacos, del tubo neural y urogenitales y labio y paladar hendido) y menores (síndrome anticonvulsivante fetal). Igualmente puede existir algunos problemas en el desarrollo y en el aprendizaje de los niños pero no están claros los mecanismos que lo produce ni los factores predisponentes. Y finalmente, se ha encontrado en el recién nacido, un aumento de la mortalidad neonatal, el síndrome de abstinencia a drogas, hemorragias y trastornos de la coagulación, convulsiones, problemas de la lactancia, bajo peso al nacer y prematurez, siempre asociados con el consumo de medicaciones antiepilépticas. CONCLUSIONES: a pesar que la epilepsia y su tratamiento conllevan un cierto grado de complicaciones en el embarazo y para el niño, estas pueden ser disminuirse tomando medidas como consejería prenatal, y haciendo un manejo adecuado de la madre desde el periodo preconcepcional y durante toda la gestación.
BackgroundSeveral RT-qPCR kits are available for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, some of them with Emergenc... more BackgroundSeveral RT-qPCR kits are available for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, some of them with Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by FDA, but most of them lacking of proper evaluation studies due to covid19 emergency.ObjectiveWe evaluated Viasure RT-qPCR kit (CerTest Biotec, Spain) for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis using CDC FDA EUA kit as gold standard.ResultsAlthough we found the lack of RNA quality control probe as the main limitation for Viasure kit, the sensitivity was up to 97.5% and specificity was 100%.ConclusionsViasure RT-qPCR kit is a reliable tool for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis but improvement of an alternative RT-qPCR reaction for RNA extraction quality control as RNaseP is recommended.
Background: Each year 2.5 billion cases of diarrheal disease are reported in children under five ... more Background: Each year 2.5 billion cases of diarrheal disease are reported in children under five years, and over 1,000 die. Country characteristics could play a role on this situation. We explored associations between country characteristics and diarrheal disease in children under 5 years of age, adjusting by child, mother and household attributes in developing countries. Methods: This study included 348,706 children from 40 nations. We conducted a multilevel analysis of data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and the World Bank. Results: The prevalence of acute diarrhea was 14 %. Country inequalities (OR = 1.335; 95 % CI 1.117-1.663) and country's low income (OR = 1.488; 95 % CI 1.024-2.163) were associated with diarrhea, and these country characteristics changed the associations of well-known determinants of diarrhea. Specifically, living in poor countries strengthens the association of poor household wealth and mother's lack of education with the disease. Other factors associated with diarrhea were female sex of the child (OR = 0.922; 95 % CI 0.900-0.944), age of the child (OR = 0.978; 95 % CI 0.978-0.979), immunization status (OR = 0.821; 95 % CI 0.799-0.843), normal birthweight (OR = 0.879; 95 % CI 0.834-0.926), maternal age (OR = 0.987; 95 % CI 0.985-0.989), lack of maternal education (OR = 1.416; 95 % CI 1.283-1.564), working status of the mother (OR = 1.136; 95 % CI 1.106-1.167), planned pregnancy (OR = 0.774; 95 % CI 0.753-0.795), a nuclear family structure (OR = 0.949; 95 % CI 0.923-0.975), and household wealth (OR = 0.948; 95 % CI 0.921-0.977). Conclusions: Inequalities and lack of resources at the country level in developing countries-but not health expenditure-were associated with acute diarrhea, independently of child, family and household features. The broad environment considerably modifies well-known social determinants of acute diarrhea and public health campaigns designed to target diarrhea should consider macro characteristics of the country.
Epilepsy's overall prevalence in Colombia is 1.13%. Its prevalence in patients aged over 65 c... more Epilepsy's overall prevalence in Colombia is 1.13%. Its prevalence in patients aged over 65 could be around 1.5%. Objective: describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients older than 65 years of age with epilepsy. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in two high complexity hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia during 2005-2008. Demographic data were compiled and patients characterized regarding the type, frequency and diagnosis of seizures (based on ILAE classification), probable etiology, having a family background of epilepsy, and current pharmacological management. Results: 211 clinical histories were reviewed and 179 of them selected. Mean patient age was 75 (65-98) and average age at onset of epilepsy was 67.5 (7-93). 84% of the seizures were classified as being focal. The most frequently occurring diagnosis was symptomatic focal epilepsy (94.4%). 74 cases (41.3%) had an etiological diagnosis. The most important cause was cerebro...
Occupational risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens represents a major challenge in prevent... more Occupational risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens represents a major challenge in prevention. Even though preventive recommendations to avoid needlestick injuries among healthcare workers include the use of needle protective devices, its use in developing countries is not a standard practice. This study aimed to measure, on experienced nurses, perception of performance characteristics and activation of the safety feature of a safety closed IV catheter system (BD Pegasus*), called catheter P, versus a non-safety device (BD Intima II † ) called catheter I in healthy volunteers. Fifty-two nurses and 205 healthy volunteers participated in a prospective, randomized, controlled study in a simulated setting. Each nurse performed two insertions of each catheter (one in each forearm) in four study volunteers; the order of insertions was randomly assigned. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the performance of the two catheters regarding Overall Perception of Clinical Acceptability and Ease of Use. Overall acceptance of the device performance characteristics was 90% or more. In all cases, catheter P performed at least as well as catheter I. There were no differences in the insertion success rate between the two devices (93.7% vs. 96.2%). Activation of the safety feature of catheter P occurred 99.4%. Subjects' perception of pain was similar for both devices. Overall perception of clinical acceptability and ease of use were judged better for catheter P than for catheter I (p = 0.006, and p < 0.001 respectively). All clinicians strongly agreed that catheter P would protect them from needle stick injuries. Despite the study limitations, mainly its artificial setting and its inability to blind, the results indicate that the Safety Closed IV Catheter System with its safety feature represents a good alternative for IV catheter insertions that can help reduce the incidence of stick injuries in health care workers.
Thirteen to 43% of patients with infantile spasms (IS) have other types of seizures, which are co... more Thirteen to 43% of patients with infantile spasms (IS) have other types of seizures, which are considered a feature of an unfavourable prognosis and, to some extent, as a contra-indication for steroid treatment. The present series comprised 43 patients treated with steroids, who suffered from other types of seizures prior to IS. The first seizures resulted from 2 different conditions, correlated to a different outcome of epilepsy. In 27 patients with prenatal encephalopathy, the first seizures were the first manifestation of the epilepsy and IS responded poorly to steroids. In the other 16 patients, the first seizures were occasional, due to acute brain damage, and the following IS responded favourably to steroid therapy. Rational therapeutic indications should take in account the etiology of seizures that preceed IS, and steroids should be administered when IS are due to acute peri-or postnatal acute brain damage.
RESUMEN OBJETIVO: el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar todos los aspectos relacionados... more RESUMEN OBJETIVO: el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar todos los aspectos relacionados con las complicaciones del hijo de madres con epilepsia haciendo énfasis en las causas que inciden en la altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad fetal y neonatal. DESARROLLO: existe un riesgo de malformaciones relacionado con el uso de medicamentos antiepilépticos que puede llegar hasta un 14% sobre todo durante el primer trimestre del embarazo. La politerapia y una predisposición genética también pueden aumentar el riesgo de malformaciones. Las malformaciones se dividen en mayores (defectos cardíacos, del tubo neural y urogenitales y labio y paladar hendido) y menores (síndrome anticonvulsivante fetal). Igualmente puede existir algunos problemas en el desarrollo y en el aprendizaje de los niños pero no están claros los mecanismos que lo produce ni los factores predisponentes. Y finalmente, se ha encontrado en el recién nacido, un aumento de la mortalidad neonatal, el síndrome de abstinencia a drogas, hemorragias y trastornos de la coagulación, convulsiones, problemas de la lactancia, bajo peso al nacer y prematurez, siempre asociados con el consumo de medicaciones antiepilépticas. CONCLUSIONES: a pesar que la epilepsia y su tratamiento conllevan un cierto grado de complicaciones en el embarazo y para el niño, estas pueden ser disminuirse tomando medidas como consejería prenatal, y haciendo un manejo adecuado de la madre desde el periodo preconcepcional y durante toda la gestación.
Objetivo: determinar las características operativas de la palidez palmo-plantar en una población ... more Objetivo: determinar las características operativas de la palidez palmo-plantar en una población rural infantil colombiana como método diagnóstico de anemia, estableciendo la correlación con los valores de microhematocrito. Metodología: a través de un estudio de corte ...
Fatal error: XSL transformation failed. in /home/scielo/www/htdocs/ class.XSLTransformerPHP5.php ... more Fatal error: XSL transformation failed. in /home/scielo/www/htdocs/ class.XSLTransformerPHP5.php on line 40
Introduction: Genetic variance of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a strong det... more Introduction: Genetic variance of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a strong determinant of this disorder. The 40 bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) located in the 3 untranslated region (UTR) of DAT1 gene increases the expression of the dopamine transporter. Therefore, DAT1 has been associated with susceptibility to ADHD. Objective: To determine the association between the VNTR of DAT1 and the phenotype of ADHD or its endophenotypes in a sample of children aged between 6 and 15 years from Bogotá. Subjects and methods: We selected 73 patients with ADHD and 54 controls. WISC test was applied in all subjects and executive functions were assessed. The VNTR of DAT1 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Data regarding population genetics and statistical analysis were obtained. Correlation and association tests between genotype and neuropsychological testing were performed. Results: The DAT1 polymorphism was not associated with ADHD (P = .85). Nevertheless, the 10/10 genotype was found to be correlated with the processing speed index (P < .05). In the hyperactivity subtype, there was a genotypic correlation with some subtests of executive function (cognitive flexibility) (P ≤ .01). In the combined subtype, the 10/10 genotype was associated with verbal comprehension index of WISC (P < .05).
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral pathology characteriz... more Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral pathology characterized by distinct degrees of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Although ADHD etiology remains elusive, the ADRA2A candidate gene underlies a particular interest, since it participates in the prefrontal cortex regulation of executive function. Three SNPs located on 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; and 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;UTR regions of the gene have been extensively explored but none of them have been definitely validated as a predisposition or a causative sequence variation. In this study, in order to determine whether ADRA2A non-synonymous sequence variants, resulting in biochemical modifications of the protein, are a common cause of the disease we sequenced the complete ADRA2A coding region in a panel of ADHD children of Colombian origin. We identified the c.1138 C&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;A (p.Arg380Arg) silent substitution. We conclude that ADRA2A non-synonymous sequence variants do not cause ADHD in our sample population. We cannot formerly discard a potential role of this gene during ADHD pathogenesis since only the coding region was analysed. We hope that these results will encourage further researchers to sequence the promoter and coding regions of ADRA2A in large panels of ADHD patients from distinct ethnical origins.
UNIVERSIDADES CES ? UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO Caracterizaci?n de pacientes adultos mayores con epil... more UNIVERSIDADES CES ? UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO Caracterizaci?n de pacientes adultos mayores con epilepsia en dos hospitales en Bogot?, Colombia Luis David Palau P?rez MD Alberto V?lez Van Meerbeke MD ?ngela ...
A national study was performed in Colombia to determine the general and regional prevalence of ep... more A national study was performed in Colombia to determine the general and regional prevalence of epilepsy, clinical profiles, seizure types, and clinical syndromes. Methods: Based on the National Epidemiological Study of Neurological Diseases (EPINEURO), we evaluated and followed up for 1 year all the subjects with epilepsy from the National Sample. Clinical profiles were further assessed. Seizure types and epilepsy syndromes were established according to the international classifications. Results: General prevalence was found to be 11.3 per 1,000, with little variation among regions, except the eastern region, where prevalence was 23 per 1,000; prevalence for active epilepsy was 10.1 per 1,000. Women have a slightly greater (not statistically significant) risk. Most seizures are focal (partial), frequently with secondary generalization. The most frequent epilepsy syndrome encountered was partial symptomatic/cryptogenic (80%). Epilepsy onset in Colombia occurs most frequently in childhood. Conclusions: Prevalence rates of epilepsy in Colombia are similar to those reported in nations with comparable developmental status and have diminished over time. The study presents the distribution of seizures and syndromes. The most frequent types are focal syndromes.
RESUMEN OBJETIVO: revisar y presentar resultados actualizados sobre la relación entre epilepsia t... more RESUMEN OBJETIVO: revisar y presentar resultados actualizados sobre la relación entre epilepsia tratada con ácido valproico y el síndrome de ovario poliquístico. DESARROLLO: se hace una revisión de la literatura publicada para tener un mejor entendimiento de la relación entre los trastornos endocrinos, la epilepsia y los anticonvulsivantes. Se debe atender de manera especial a aquellas pacientes obesas que reciben valproato o aquellas que experimentan un aumento desmesurado de peso. Las alteraciones aisladas de laboratorios o las imágenes diagnósticas sin síntomas, no han de conformar un trastorno endocrino de importancia clínica. CONCLUSIONES: si se encuentra una paciente con síndrome de ovario poliquístico, debe evaluarse el tratamiento anticonvulsivante para definir el más indicado, según el tipo de crisis, y asegurarse de que el tratamiento no contribuya al trastorno endocrino. El beneficio de cambiar el tratamiento debe ser analizado frente a la efectividad en términos del control de crisis y efectos secundarios de las otras alternativas terapéuticas.
RESUMEN OBJETIVO: el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar todos los aspectos relacionados... more RESUMEN OBJETIVO: el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar todos los aspectos relacionados con las complicaciones del hijo de madres con epilepsia haciendo énfasis en las causas que inciden en la altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad fetal y neonatal. DESARROLLO: existe un riesgo de malformaciones relacionado con el uso de medicamentos antiepilépticos que puede llegar hasta un 14% sobre todo durante el primer trimestre del embarazo. La politerapia y una predisposición genética también pueden aumentar el riesgo de malformaciones. Las malformaciones se dividen en mayores (defectos cardíacos, del tubo neural y urogenitales y labio y paladar hendido) y menores (síndrome anticonvulsivante fetal). Igualmente puede existir algunos problemas en el desarrollo y en el aprendizaje de los niños pero no están claros los mecanismos que lo produce ni los factores predisponentes. Y finalmente, se ha encontrado en el recién nacido, un aumento de la mortalidad neonatal, el síndrome de abstinencia a drogas, hemorragias y trastornos de la coagulación, convulsiones, problemas de la lactancia, bajo peso al nacer y prematurez, siempre asociados con el consumo de medicaciones antiepilépticas. CONCLUSIONES: a pesar que la epilepsia y su tratamiento conllevan un cierto grado de complicaciones en el embarazo y para el niño, estas pueden ser disminuirse tomando medidas como consejería prenatal, y haciendo un manejo adecuado de la madre desde el periodo preconcepcional y durante toda la gestación.
BackgroundSeveral RT-qPCR kits are available for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, some of them with Emergenc... more BackgroundSeveral RT-qPCR kits are available for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, some of them with Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by FDA, but most of them lacking of proper evaluation studies due to covid19 emergency.ObjectiveWe evaluated Viasure RT-qPCR kit (CerTest Biotec, Spain) for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis using CDC FDA EUA kit as gold standard.ResultsAlthough we found the lack of RNA quality control probe as the main limitation for Viasure kit, the sensitivity was up to 97.5% and specificity was 100%.ConclusionsViasure RT-qPCR kit is a reliable tool for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis but improvement of an alternative RT-qPCR reaction for RNA extraction quality control as RNaseP is recommended.
Background: Each year 2.5 billion cases of diarrheal disease are reported in children under five ... more Background: Each year 2.5 billion cases of diarrheal disease are reported in children under five years, and over 1,000 die. Country characteristics could play a role on this situation. We explored associations between country characteristics and diarrheal disease in children under 5 years of age, adjusting by child, mother and household attributes in developing countries. Methods: This study included 348,706 children from 40 nations. We conducted a multilevel analysis of data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and the World Bank. Results: The prevalence of acute diarrhea was 14 %. Country inequalities (OR = 1.335; 95 % CI 1.117-1.663) and country's low income (OR = 1.488; 95 % CI 1.024-2.163) were associated with diarrhea, and these country characteristics changed the associations of well-known determinants of diarrhea. Specifically, living in poor countries strengthens the association of poor household wealth and mother's lack of education with the disease. Other factors associated with diarrhea were female sex of the child (OR = 0.922; 95 % CI 0.900-0.944), age of the child (OR = 0.978; 95 % CI 0.978-0.979), immunization status (OR = 0.821; 95 % CI 0.799-0.843), normal birthweight (OR = 0.879; 95 % CI 0.834-0.926), maternal age (OR = 0.987; 95 % CI 0.985-0.989), lack of maternal education (OR = 1.416; 95 % CI 1.283-1.564), working status of the mother (OR = 1.136; 95 % CI 1.106-1.167), planned pregnancy (OR = 0.774; 95 % CI 0.753-0.795), a nuclear family structure (OR = 0.949; 95 % CI 0.923-0.975), and household wealth (OR = 0.948; 95 % CI 0.921-0.977). Conclusions: Inequalities and lack of resources at the country level in developing countries-but not health expenditure-were associated with acute diarrhea, independently of child, family and household features. The broad environment considerably modifies well-known social determinants of acute diarrhea and public health campaigns designed to target diarrhea should consider macro characteristics of the country.
Epilepsy's overall prevalence in Colombia is 1.13%. Its prevalence in patients aged over 65 c... more Epilepsy's overall prevalence in Colombia is 1.13%. Its prevalence in patients aged over 65 could be around 1.5%. Objective: describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients older than 65 years of age with epilepsy. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in two high complexity hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia during 2005-2008. Demographic data were compiled and patients characterized regarding the type, frequency and diagnosis of seizures (based on ILAE classification), probable etiology, having a family background of epilepsy, and current pharmacological management. Results: 211 clinical histories were reviewed and 179 of them selected. Mean patient age was 75 (65-98) and average age at onset of epilepsy was 67.5 (7-93). 84% of the seizures were classified as being focal. The most frequently occurring diagnosis was symptomatic focal epilepsy (94.4%). 74 cases (41.3%) had an etiological diagnosis. The most important cause was cerebro...
Occupational risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens represents a major challenge in prevent... more Occupational risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens represents a major challenge in prevention. Even though preventive recommendations to avoid needlestick injuries among healthcare workers include the use of needle protective devices, its use in developing countries is not a standard practice. This study aimed to measure, on experienced nurses, perception of performance characteristics and activation of the safety feature of a safety closed IV catheter system (BD Pegasus*), called catheter P, versus a non-safety device (BD Intima II † ) called catheter I in healthy volunteers. Fifty-two nurses and 205 healthy volunteers participated in a prospective, randomized, controlled study in a simulated setting. Each nurse performed two insertions of each catheter (one in each forearm) in four study volunteers; the order of insertions was randomly assigned. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the performance of the two catheters regarding Overall Perception of Clinical Acceptability and Ease of Use. Overall acceptance of the device performance characteristics was 90% or more. In all cases, catheter P performed at least as well as catheter I. There were no differences in the insertion success rate between the two devices (93.7% vs. 96.2%). Activation of the safety feature of catheter P occurred 99.4%. Subjects&#39; perception of pain was similar for both devices. Overall perception of clinical acceptability and ease of use were judged better for catheter P than for catheter I (p = 0.006, and p &lt; 0.001 respectively). All clinicians strongly agreed that catheter P would protect them from needle stick injuries. Despite the study limitations, mainly its artificial setting and its inability to blind, the results indicate that the Safety Closed IV Catheter System with its safety feature represents a good alternative for IV catheter insertions that can help reduce the incidence of stick injuries in health care workers.
Thirteen to 43% of patients with infantile spasms (IS) have other types of seizures, which are co... more Thirteen to 43% of patients with infantile spasms (IS) have other types of seizures, which are considered a feature of an unfavourable prognosis and, to some extent, as a contra-indication for steroid treatment. The present series comprised 43 patients treated with steroids, who suffered from other types of seizures prior to IS. The first seizures resulted from 2 different conditions, correlated to a different outcome of epilepsy. In 27 patients with prenatal encephalopathy, the first seizures were the first manifestation of the epilepsy and IS responded poorly to steroids. In the other 16 patients, the first seizures were occasional, due to acute brain damage, and the following IS responded favourably to steroid therapy. Rational therapeutic indications should take in account the etiology of seizures that preceed IS, and steroids should be administered when IS are due to acute peri-or postnatal acute brain damage.
RESUMEN OBJETIVO: el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar todos los aspectos relacionados... more RESUMEN OBJETIVO: el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar todos los aspectos relacionados con las complicaciones del hijo de madres con epilepsia haciendo énfasis en las causas que inciden en la altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad fetal y neonatal. DESARROLLO: existe un riesgo de malformaciones relacionado con el uso de medicamentos antiepilépticos que puede llegar hasta un 14% sobre todo durante el primer trimestre del embarazo. La politerapia y una predisposición genética también pueden aumentar el riesgo de malformaciones. Las malformaciones se dividen en mayores (defectos cardíacos, del tubo neural y urogenitales y labio y paladar hendido) y menores (síndrome anticonvulsivante fetal). Igualmente puede existir algunos problemas en el desarrollo y en el aprendizaje de los niños pero no están claros los mecanismos que lo produce ni los factores predisponentes. Y finalmente, se ha encontrado en el recién nacido, un aumento de la mortalidad neonatal, el síndrome de abstinencia a drogas, hemorragias y trastornos de la coagulación, convulsiones, problemas de la lactancia, bajo peso al nacer y prematurez, siempre asociados con el consumo de medicaciones antiepilépticas. CONCLUSIONES: a pesar que la epilepsia y su tratamiento conllevan un cierto grado de complicaciones en el embarazo y para el niño, estas pueden ser disminuirse tomando medidas como consejería prenatal, y haciendo un manejo adecuado de la madre desde el periodo preconcepcional y durante toda la gestación.
Objetivo: determinar las características operativas de la palidez palmo-plantar en una población ... more Objetivo: determinar las características operativas de la palidez palmo-plantar en una población rural infantil colombiana como método diagnóstico de anemia, estableciendo la correlación con los valores de microhematocrito. Metodología: a través de un estudio de corte ...
Fatal error: XSL transformation failed. in /home/scielo/www/htdocs/ class.XSLTransformerPHP5.php ... more Fatal error: XSL transformation failed. in /home/scielo/www/htdocs/ class.XSLTransformerPHP5.php on line 40
Introduction: Genetic variance of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a strong det... more Introduction: Genetic variance of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a strong determinant of this disorder. The 40 bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) located in the 3 untranslated region (UTR) of DAT1 gene increases the expression of the dopamine transporter. Therefore, DAT1 has been associated with susceptibility to ADHD. Objective: To determine the association between the VNTR of DAT1 and the phenotype of ADHD or its endophenotypes in a sample of children aged between 6 and 15 years from Bogotá. Subjects and methods: We selected 73 patients with ADHD and 54 controls. WISC test was applied in all subjects and executive functions were assessed. The VNTR of DAT1 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Data regarding population genetics and statistical analysis were obtained. Correlation and association tests between genotype and neuropsychological testing were performed. Results: The DAT1 polymorphism was not associated with ADHD (P = .85). Nevertheless, the 10/10 genotype was found to be correlated with the processing speed index (P < .05). In the hyperactivity subtype, there was a genotypic correlation with some subtests of executive function (cognitive flexibility) (P ≤ .01). In the combined subtype, the 10/10 genotype was associated with verbal comprehension index of WISC (P < .05).
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral pathology characteriz... more Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral pathology characterized by distinct degrees of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Although ADHD etiology remains elusive, the ADRA2A candidate gene underlies a particular interest, since it participates in the prefrontal cortex regulation of executive function. Three SNPs located on 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; and 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;UTR regions of the gene have been extensively explored but none of them have been definitely validated as a predisposition or a causative sequence variation. In this study, in order to determine whether ADRA2A non-synonymous sequence variants, resulting in biochemical modifications of the protein, are a common cause of the disease we sequenced the complete ADRA2A coding region in a panel of ADHD children of Colombian origin. We identified the c.1138 C&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;A (p.Arg380Arg) silent substitution. We conclude that ADRA2A non-synonymous sequence variants do not cause ADHD in our sample population. We cannot formerly discard a potential role of this gene during ADHD pathogenesis since only the coding region was analysed. We hope that these results will encourage further researchers to sequence the promoter and coding regions of ADRA2A in large panels of ADHD patients from distinct ethnical origins.
UNIVERSIDADES CES ? UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO Caracterizaci?n de pacientes adultos mayores con epil... more UNIVERSIDADES CES ? UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO Caracterizaci?n de pacientes adultos mayores con epilepsia en dos hospitales en Bogot?, Colombia Luis David Palau P?rez MD Alberto V?lez Van Meerbeke MD ?ngela ...
A national study was performed in Colombia to determine the general and regional prevalence of ep... more A national study was performed in Colombia to determine the general and regional prevalence of epilepsy, clinical profiles, seizure types, and clinical syndromes. Methods: Based on the National Epidemiological Study of Neurological Diseases (EPINEURO), we evaluated and followed up for 1 year all the subjects with epilepsy from the National Sample. Clinical profiles were further assessed. Seizure types and epilepsy syndromes were established according to the international classifications. Results: General prevalence was found to be 11.3 per 1,000, with little variation among regions, except the eastern region, where prevalence was 23 per 1,000; prevalence for active epilepsy was 10.1 per 1,000. Women have a slightly greater (not statistically significant) risk. Most seizures are focal (partial), frequently with secondary generalization. The most frequent epilepsy syndrome encountered was partial symptomatic/cryptogenic (80%). Epilepsy onset in Colombia occurs most frequently in childhood. Conclusions: Prevalence rates of epilepsy in Colombia are similar to those reported in nations with comparable developmental status and have diminished over time. The study presents the distribution of seizures and syndromes. The most frequent types are focal syndromes.
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