The incidence rate of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) is 4-fold higher in Ho Chi Minh City, in ... more The incidence rate of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) is 4-fold higher in Ho Chi Minh City, in the South of Vietnam, than in Hanoi, in the North. Thus, we explored the prevalence of and the risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in these 2 areas. A population-based random sample of married women aged 15-69 years were interviewed and had a gynaecological examination in the urban district of Ho Chi Minh City and in a peri-urban district in Hanoi. HPV DNA detection was performed using a GP5؉/6؉ primermediated PCR enzyme immunoassay. A total of 922 women from Ho Chi Minh and 994 from Hanoi, for whom a Pap smear and HPV-status were available, were evaluated. HPV DNA was detected among 10.9% of women in Ho Chi Minh City and 2.0% in Hanoi (age standardized prevalence, world standard population: 10.6% and 2.3%, respectively). In the 2 areas combined, 30 different HPV types were found, the most common being HPV 16 (in 14 single and 18 multiple infections), followed by HPV 58, 18 and 56. A peak of HPV DNA detection in women younger than age 25 was found in Ho Chi Minh City (22.3%) but not in Hanoi. Major risk factors for HPV DNA detection were indicators of sexual habits, most notably the presence of HSV-2 antibodies, nulliparity and the current use of oral contraceptives. Women in Hanoi showed the lowest HPV prevalence ever reported so far, suggesting that HPV has not spread widely in this population. As expected, HPV prevalence in a population seemed to be closely correlated with ICC incidence rates.
Studies were performed to determine whether the isolated ovine anterior and intermediate pituitar... more Studies were performed to determine whether the isolated ovine anterior and intermediate pituitary might rhythmically secrete three POMC peptides, ACTH, ir-beta-endorphin (ir-beta-EP), and ir-alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (ir-alpha-MSH) in vivo. When blood was taken at 10-min intervals from four ewes with hypothalamo-pituitary-disconnection (HPD), a distinct POMC-peptide and cortisol ultradian rhythm was noted. A comparison of the four HPD ewes with five nonstressed hypothalamopituitary-intact (HPI) ewes revealed that the mean plasma levels of the three POMC-peptides and cortisol were increased, the mean ACTH and ir-alpha-MSH pulse amplitudes were increased, and the mean ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH interpulse intervals were decreased. When four HPI ewes were subjected to a mild stress, plasma POMC-peptide and cortisol levels increased significantly when compared with the five unstressed HPI animals. In addition, the ACTH and cortisol pulse amplitudes increased and the ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH interpulse intervals decreased. Although plasma ACTH levels in the stressed HPI and HPD ewes were comparable, mean plasma cortisol levels were 2-fold greater in the stressed HPI animals. To determine whether the ACTH hypersecretion in the HPD ewe might reflect a net reduction in hypothalamic inhibitory influence over ACTH secretion, we examined the effects of dopamine (DA), somatostatin (SS-14), and rat atrial natriuretic peptide [rANF(1-28)] on the secretion of ACTH from cultured ovine anterior pituitary cells. DA and SS-14 did not exert a discernible effect on basal, CRF-, or arginine vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated ACTH secretion. Although basal ACTH secretion was unaffected by rANF(1-28) (10(-12)-10(-8) M), a significant inhibition of CRF- and AVP-stimulated ACTH release was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The incidence rate of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) is 4-fold higher in Ho Chi Minh City, in ... more The incidence rate of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) is 4-fold higher in Ho Chi Minh City, in the South of Vietnam, than in Hanoi, in the North. Thus, we explored the prevalence of and the risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in these 2 areas. A population-based random sample of married women aged 15-69 years were interviewed and had a gynaecological examination in the urban district of Ho Chi Minh City and in a peri-urban district in Hanoi. HPV DNA detection was performed using a GP5؉/6؉ primermediated PCR enzyme immunoassay. A total of 922 women from Ho Chi Minh and 994 from Hanoi, for whom a Pap smear and HPV-status were available, were evaluated. HPV DNA was detected among 10.9% of women in Ho Chi Minh City and 2.0% in Hanoi (age standardized prevalence, world standard population: 10.6% and 2.3%, respectively). In the 2 areas combined, 30 different HPV types were found, the most common being HPV 16 (in 14 single and 18 multiple infections), followed by HPV 58, 18 and 56. A peak of HPV DNA detection in women younger than age 25 was found in Ho Chi Minh City (22.3%) but not in Hanoi. Major risk factors for HPV DNA detection were indicators of sexual habits, most notably the presence of HSV-2 antibodies, nulliparity and the current use of oral contraceptives. Women in Hanoi showed the lowest HPV prevalence ever reported so far, suggesting that HPV has not spread widely in this population. As expected, HPV prevalence in a population seemed to be closely correlated with ICC incidence rates.
Studies were performed to determine whether the isolated ovine anterior and intermediate pituitar... more Studies were performed to determine whether the isolated ovine anterior and intermediate pituitary might rhythmically secrete three POMC peptides, ACTH, ir-beta-endorphin (ir-beta-EP), and ir-alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (ir-alpha-MSH) in vivo. When blood was taken at 10-min intervals from four ewes with hypothalamo-pituitary-disconnection (HPD), a distinct POMC-peptide and cortisol ultradian rhythm was noted. A comparison of the four HPD ewes with five nonstressed hypothalamopituitary-intact (HPI) ewes revealed that the mean plasma levels of the three POMC-peptides and cortisol were increased, the mean ACTH and ir-alpha-MSH pulse amplitudes were increased, and the mean ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH interpulse intervals were decreased. When four HPI ewes were subjected to a mild stress, plasma POMC-peptide and cortisol levels increased significantly when compared with the five unstressed HPI animals. In addition, the ACTH and cortisol pulse amplitudes increased and the ir-beta-EP and ir-alpha-MSH interpulse intervals decreased. Although plasma ACTH levels in the stressed HPI and HPD ewes were comparable, mean plasma cortisol levels were 2-fold greater in the stressed HPI animals. To determine whether the ACTH hypersecretion in the HPD ewe might reflect a net reduction in hypothalamic inhibitory influence over ACTH secretion, we examined the effects of dopamine (DA), somatostatin (SS-14), and rat atrial natriuretic peptide [rANF(1-28)] on the secretion of ACTH from cultured ovine anterior pituitary cells. DA and SS-14 did not exert a discernible effect on basal, CRF-, or arginine vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated ACTH secretion. Although basal ACTH secretion was unaffected by rANF(1-28) (10(-12)-10(-8) M), a significant inhibition of CRF- and AVP-stimulated ACTH release was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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