Using registration plate analysis, this paper investigates 1) the proportions of 'unique'... more Using registration plate analysis, this paper investigates 1) the proportions of 'unique' vehicles, 2) the proportions of vehicles re-appearing from day-to-day and their individual arrival variances and 3) the numbers of locally registered vehicles among those seen during the morning commute period on three roads in Southampton. During incidents, a traffic controller would hope to divert the more familiar drivers onto less congested parts of the network using VMS and other media. Knowing the proportions of regular and unique drivers which make up the peak commuting periods would help in the timely dissemination of this traffic information. The proportions of unique vehicles varied significantly with road and time. Vehicles appearing on more than one day formed 80% of the traffic before 08:15 but only 60% between the 08:45 and 09:00 peak period during the 1996 Bassett Avenue survey. Although the proportions of vehicles re-appearing from day to day varied significantly with ro...
Mobile connectivity enables the adoption of new ways to connect with social networks which are ch... more Mobile connectivity enables the adoption of new ways to connect with social networks which are changing how we might, and could, seek support. In the tourism domain we increasingly blend online and offline presence to engage with social networks in the spatial location, at a distance and across time. This paper explores the forms of community that exist in physical tourism contexts, contexts not previously analysed through a community lens, and explores how mobile technology is creating connections within and beyond existing social networks. It examines how sustainable tourism can be enhanced by mobile connectivity through new space-time practices and using ephemeral interpersonal relationships to harness niche groups to create bottom-up social systems interested in sharing experiences, ideas and resources. Special attention is given to the concept of gelling socialities which proposes a less ridged network structure, and to the need to understand the increasingly liquid social dynamics of mobile social interactions. The paper adds to the theories surrounding community, social ties and tourism's value to society. It draws on data from in-depth interviews undertaken while designing and testing a collaborative travel app. It contributes to growing research into the new technologies increasingly available for sustainable tourism marketing and implementation.
In recent years, greater public awareness, stringent waste regulations and tight economic conditi... more In recent years, greater public awareness, stringent waste regulations and tight economic conditions have impacted on the development of traditional commercial waste service plans. Many businesses outsource their waste collection requirements to specialised third-parties whilst large retail chains often coordinate their waste management activities across their branch networks by centralising aspects of their collection system and placing additional national contracts with waste contractors. This paper uses a shopping centre as a case study example to identify the considerable logistics savings that could be gained through the establishment of centrally coordinated cross-supply chain waste service plans.
Proceedings of 2014 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, 2014
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of temporal consolidation (the i... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of temporal consolidation (the intentional delay) of hospital laboratory samples / equipment for couriering to people and healthcare institutions worldwide, using a hill climbing genetic algorithm with integrated travelling salesman optimization function to determine the optimal configuration of vehicles in which to consolidate items, and the optimal route for each vehicle. Current hospital and courier service providers’ practices centre on collecting items as and when they arrive for outward journeys at the hospital. Using data from a major London hospital this study evaluates 5 different consolidation scenarios, varying the length of time an item is delayed (ranging between 30 minutes to 10 hours). Findings indicate that consolidated approaches yielded reductions in vehicle numbers, between 116 and 258, compared to the current model of operation, but that the current model of operation is actually more environmentally efficient, generating 0.45 to 0.83 fewer metric tonnes of CO2, than consolidated approaches.
The efficient flow of goods into hospitals is disrupted by the presence of time critical (urgent)... more The efficient flow of goods into hospitals is disrupted by the presence of time critical (urgent) items in the chain encouraging sub-optimal vehicle fleet operations. Furthermore, the fast delivery of such items can often become stalled by the transition between the external and internal supply chains, leading to duplicate ordering. These issues result in increased volumes of hospital-related traffic and a delay in the delivery of care to patients. An unattended electronic locker bank, comprising individual lockable boxes to which different urgent items can be delivered is proposed as a potential solution with the aims of: separating urgent and non-urgent goods in the chain, thereby enabling consolidation of non-urgent consignments; and, bypassing the traditional route of supply. The feasibility of this concept was tested in the context of Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children in London using a database of consignment movements to assess physical requirements of the locker bank, using a hill climbing optimization technique; and, qualitatively using interviews with key members of staff. Results of the quantitative analysis indicated that a locker bank measuring 3.33m (10.93ft.) in length, 1.7m (5.58ft.) height and 0.8m (2.62ft.) depth, comprising of 11 partitions would be required to accommodate 100% of all urgent consignments passing into the hospital during a typical week. Staff perceptions of the locker bank concept were largely positive suggesting the locker box could improve the speed and quality of healthcare delivered to patients
BACKGROUND: Walking school buses (WSBs) offer a potentially healthier way for children to get to ... more BACKGROUND: Walking school buses (WSBs) offer a potentially healthier way for children to get to school while reducing traffic congestion. A number of pressing societal challenges make it timely to evaluate evidence of their value. METHODS: Studies that focused solely on WSBs were identified through online and manual literature searches. Twelve WSB studies involving a total of 9169 children were reviewed. Study aims, designs, methods, outcomes, and barriers and facilitators were examined. RESULTS: WSBs were found to be associated with increased prevalence of walking to school and general activity levels although not always significantly. Time constraints emerged as barriers to WSBs, impacting on recruitment of volunteers and children to the WSBs. Facilitators of WSBs included children enjoying socializing and interacting with the environment. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence of the health value of WSBs was demonstrated, along with recommendations for the design of future studies. By tackling barriers of time constraints, volunteer recruitment, and parents' safety concerns while at the same time, increasing convenience and time savings for families, future WSBs are likely to be more sustainable and taken up by more schools. Implications for future innovation in school health were identified.
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2013
Remote sensing technology is now coming onto the market in the waste collection sector. This tech... more Remote sensing technology is now coming onto the market in the waste collection sector. This technology allows waste and recycling receptacles to report their fill levels at regular intervals. This reporting enables collection schedules to be optimized dynamically to meet true servicing needs in a better way and so reduce transport costs and ensure that visits to clients are made in a timely fashion. This paper describes a real-life logistics problem faced by a leading UK charity that services its textile and book donation banks and its high street stores by using a common fleet of vehicles with various carrying capacities. Use of a common fleet gives rise to a vehicle routing problem in which visits to stores are on fixed days of the week with time window constraints and visits to banks (fitted with remote fill-monitoring technology) are made in a timely fashion so that the banks do not become full before collection. A tabu search algorithm was developed to provide vehicle routes f...
Proceedings 2011 International Conference on Transportation, Mechanical, and Electrical Engineering (TMEE), 2011
ABSTRACT It is very important to schedule container flows in a container seaport. Current paper a... more ABSTRACT It is very important to schedule container flows in a container seaport. Current paper aims to discuss the schedule issue of cranes to the handle containers, with an objective of optimizing crane scheduling and container flows in the yard subject to deterministic crane availability constraints. The problem is formulated as NP-hard problem and a revised genetic algorithm is proposed to solve it.
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2007
Using a significant database of origin postcodes, a study was designed to estimate the current an... more Using a significant database of origin postcodes, a study was designed to estimate the current annual mileage associated with visitor trips to household waste recycling centers (HWRCs)—known as manned recycling drop-off centers in the United States—and to identify how this mileage could be reduced if a series of “bring sites” (unmanned recycling drop-off centers) in the community were enhanced to take green garden waste. The total annual distance driven by approximately 4,677,000 visitors to the 26 HWRCs in Hampshire, United Kingdom, is estimated to be 40 million kilometers (assuming that 60% of visitors made dedicated trips), costing approximately £14 million (£1 = $1.896 in April 2005 U.S. dollars) in private transport and emitting approximately 1,873 tonnes of CO2 (as carbon) into the atmosphere. Providing a network of 104 bring sites capable of accepting green waste, in addition to the existing facilities provided by the 26 HWRCs, could save approximately 8.5 million kilometers ...
... been developed and applied to waste collection problems include those by De Rosa et al ... is... more ... been developed and applied to waste collection problems include those by De Rosa et al ... is to try to model the vari-ability explicitly, as proposed by Albareda-Sam-bola et al ... M. Albareda-Sambola, E. Fernandez, G. Laporte, European Journal of Operational Research 179 ( ...
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2000
Investigated are potential new uses for the digital output produced by single inductive loop dete... more Investigated are potential new uses for the digital output produced by single inductive loop detectors (2 m x 1.5 m and 2 m x 6.5 m) used in most European urban traffic control systems. Over a fixed time period, the average loop-occupancy time per vehicle (ALOTPV) for a detector being sampled every 250 ms is determined by taking the number of 250-ms occupancies and dividing by the number of vehicles. In a similar way, the average headway time between vehicles (AHTBV) is determined by taking the number of 250-ms vacancies and dividing by the number of vehicles. Over a 30-s period, the minimum and maximum values of ALOTPV and AHTBV ranged from 1 to 120 (an ALOTPV of 1 and an AHTBV of 120 representing free-flow conditions, an ALOTPV of 120 and an AHTBV of 1 representing a stationary queue). Identifying periods when a link was operating under capacity and at capacity and when it had become saturated could be more clearly identified by using plots of ALOTPV and AHTBV data over time compa...
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2013
Concerns about the impacts of failed first-time home deliveries on road transport and the environ... more Concerns about the impacts of failed first-time home deliveries on road transport and the environment are growing because of the potential for additional vehicle trips for carriers and consumers. Local collection-and-delivery points (CDPs), at which consumers can collect their failed home deliveries, have emerged as a viable solution. On the basis of two databases of households from across Winchester and West Sussex in the United Kingdom and responses from nine major carriers, this paper quantifies greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from carrier and consumer trips related to the conventional delivery method, in which the carrier makes redelivery attempts when a delivery fails, and appraises the environmental benefits of CDP networks for handling delivery failures. The results suggest that most GHG emissions associated with handling failed home deliveries are generated by the carrier. The share of GHG emissions generated from consumers increases as the proportion of failed first-time hom...
Proceedings of the ICE - Waste and Resource Management, 2011
This paper appraises the capabilities and limitations of automated vehicle routeing and schedulin... more This paper appraises the capabilities and limitations of automated vehicle routeing and scheduling methods for designing efficient waste collection rounds. Ways in which waste collection authorities may be able to improve their operational performance through the use of vehicle routeing and scheduling applications are suggested and four case studies from England are included to give an indication of what benefits might be achievable, in terms of reduced vehicle distance, cost, environmental impact or improved service. The paper describes the practical problems associated with designing real-life collection rounds and highlights the areas in which available models may be lacking. Waste and Resource Management Volume 164 Issue WR2 Appraisal of waste collection routeing and scheduling McLeod and Cherrett Waste and Resource Management Volume 164 Issue WR2 Appraisal of waste collection routeing and scheduling McLeod and Cherrett Waste and Resource Management Volume 164 Issue WR2 Appraisal of waste collection routeing and scheduling McLeod and Cherrett Waste and Resource Management Volume 164 Issue WR2 Appraisal of waste collection routeing and scheduling McLeod and Cherrett
Proceedings of the ICE - Waste and Resource Management, 2009
Local authorities are striving to meet their recycling targets by providing householders with a r... more Local authorities are striving to meet their recycling targets by providing householders with a range of recycling opportunities within the community. Household waste recycling centres (HWRCs or manned recycling drop-off centres) and ‘bring-sites’ (unmanned recycling drop-off centres) allow householders to dispose of a range of items that may not be catered for at the kerbside. The current and future transport implications of these facilities as trip generators are not widely understood. Using a database of HWRC visitor origins (n = 7135), this paper estimates the current annual mileage and environmental impacts associated with current visitor trips to HWRCs, given the regulations that govern their use, and identifies how this could be reduced if a series of bring-sites in the community were enhanced. The 4 677 000 annual visitors to the 26 HWRCs in Hampshire (UK) generated 40 million km and approximately 1873 t of carbon dioxide (CO2, as carbon). A network of 104 bring-sites servic...
ABSTRACT Real-time passenger information systems for bus users are now common place with bus stop... more ABSTRACT Real-time passenger information systems for bus users are now common place with bus stops in major UK cities equipped with arrival countdown displays and several apps now providing similar information direct to the Smartphone. Real-time displays at stops are expensive to install and given the current rate of Smartphone take-up, there could be benefits from using Quick Response (QR) codes linking to adapted, mobile friendly, webpages displaying arrival times of buses. This paper reports on a QR code implementation trial on 44 bus stops in six distinct areas of Southampton, UK. Each bus stop was fitted with a poster containing a unique QR code, linking to a website giving live bus arrival information taken from the Southampton traffic control centre. Two types of poster were developed (simplistic with minimal text, and a more comprehensive one) to understand what level of instruction was necessary for QR code use. The number of hits at each stop were monitored via the website and surveys of users through an on-line questionnaire (accessed via the QR code) and face-to-face interviews. The results suggested that there was very little variation in the use of QR codes at stops by day of the week or between peak and inter-peak times but there were variations by geographical area. QR code use improved wait time acceptability and feelings of safety and well-being with the vast majority of users finding the system easy to use.
Using registration plate analysis, this paper investigates 1) the proportions of 'unique'... more Using registration plate analysis, this paper investigates 1) the proportions of 'unique' vehicles, 2) the proportions of vehicles re-appearing from day-to-day and their individual arrival variances and 3) the numbers of locally registered vehicles among those seen during the morning commute period on three roads in Southampton. During incidents, a traffic controller would hope to divert the more familiar drivers onto less congested parts of the network using VMS and other media. Knowing the proportions of regular and unique drivers which make up the peak commuting periods would help in the timely dissemination of this traffic information. The proportions of unique vehicles varied significantly with road and time. Vehicles appearing on more than one day formed 80% of the traffic before 08:15 but only 60% between the 08:45 and 09:00 peak period during the 1996 Bassett Avenue survey. Although the proportions of vehicles re-appearing from day to day varied significantly with ro...
Mobile connectivity enables the adoption of new ways to connect with social networks which are ch... more Mobile connectivity enables the adoption of new ways to connect with social networks which are changing how we might, and could, seek support. In the tourism domain we increasingly blend online and offline presence to engage with social networks in the spatial location, at a distance and across time. This paper explores the forms of community that exist in physical tourism contexts, contexts not previously analysed through a community lens, and explores how mobile technology is creating connections within and beyond existing social networks. It examines how sustainable tourism can be enhanced by mobile connectivity through new space-time practices and using ephemeral interpersonal relationships to harness niche groups to create bottom-up social systems interested in sharing experiences, ideas and resources. Special attention is given to the concept of gelling socialities which proposes a less ridged network structure, and to the need to understand the increasingly liquid social dynamics of mobile social interactions. The paper adds to the theories surrounding community, social ties and tourism's value to society. It draws on data from in-depth interviews undertaken while designing and testing a collaborative travel app. It contributes to growing research into the new technologies increasingly available for sustainable tourism marketing and implementation.
In recent years, greater public awareness, stringent waste regulations and tight economic conditi... more In recent years, greater public awareness, stringent waste regulations and tight economic conditions have impacted on the development of traditional commercial waste service plans. Many businesses outsource their waste collection requirements to specialised third-parties whilst large retail chains often coordinate their waste management activities across their branch networks by centralising aspects of their collection system and placing additional national contracts with waste contractors. This paper uses a shopping centre as a case study example to identify the considerable logistics savings that could be gained through the establishment of centrally coordinated cross-supply chain waste service plans.
Proceedings of 2014 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, 2014
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of temporal consolidation (the i... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of temporal consolidation (the intentional delay) of hospital laboratory samples / equipment for couriering to people and healthcare institutions worldwide, using a hill climbing genetic algorithm with integrated travelling salesman optimization function to determine the optimal configuration of vehicles in which to consolidate items, and the optimal route for each vehicle. Current hospital and courier service providers’ practices centre on collecting items as and when they arrive for outward journeys at the hospital. Using data from a major London hospital this study evaluates 5 different consolidation scenarios, varying the length of time an item is delayed (ranging between 30 minutes to 10 hours). Findings indicate that consolidated approaches yielded reductions in vehicle numbers, between 116 and 258, compared to the current model of operation, but that the current model of operation is actually more environmentally efficient, generating 0.45 to 0.83 fewer metric tonnes of CO2, than consolidated approaches.
The efficient flow of goods into hospitals is disrupted by the presence of time critical (urgent)... more The efficient flow of goods into hospitals is disrupted by the presence of time critical (urgent) items in the chain encouraging sub-optimal vehicle fleet operations. Furthermore, the fast delivery of such items can often become stalled by the transition between the external and internal supply chains, leading to duplicate ordering. These issues result in increased volumes of hospital-related traffic and a delay in the delivery of care to patients. An unattended electronic locker bank, comprising individual lockable boxes to which different urgent items can be delivered is proposed as a potential solution with the aims of: separating urgent and non-urgent goods in the chain, thereby enabling consolidation of non-urgent consignments; and, bypassing the traditional route of supply. The feasibility of this concept was tested in the context of Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children in London using a database of consignment movements to assess physical requirements of the locker bank, using a hill climbing optimization technique; and, qualitatively using interviews with key members of staff. Results of the quantitative analysis indicated that a locker bank measuring 3.33m (10.93ft.) in length, 1.7m (5.58ft.) height and 0.8m (2.62ft.) depth, comprising of 11 partitions would be required to accommodate 100% of all urgent consignments passing into the hospital during a typical week. Staff perceptions of the locker bank concept were largely positive suggesting the locker box could improve the speed and quality of healthcare delivered to patients
BACKGROUND: Walking school buses (WSBs) offer a potentially healthier way for children to get to ... more BACKGROUND: Walking school buses (WSBs) offer a potentially healthier way for children to get to school while reducing traffic congestion. A number of pressing societal challenges make it timely to evaluate evidence of their value. METHODS: Studies that focused solely on WSBs were identified through online and manual literature searches. Twelve WSB studies involving a total of 9169 children were reviewed. Study aims, designs, methods, outcomes, and barriers and facilitators were examined. RESULTS: WSBs were found to be associated with increased prevalence of walking to school and general activity levels although not always significantly. Time constraints emerged as barriers to WSBs, impacting on recruitment of volunteers and children to the WSBs. Facilitators of WSBs included children enjoying socializing and interacting with the environment. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence of the health value of WSBs was demonstrated, along with recommendations for the design of future studies. By tackling barriers of time constraints, volunteer recruitment, and parents' safety concerns while at the same time, increasing convenience and time savings for families, future WSBs are likely to be more sustainable and taken up by more schools. Implications for future innovation in school health were identified.
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2013
Remote sensing technology is now coming onto the market in the waste collection sector. This tech... more Remote sensing technology is now coming onto the market in the waste collection sector. This technology allows waste and recycling receptacles to report their fill levels at regular intervals. This reporting enables collection schedules to be optimized dynamically to meet true servicing needs in a better way and so reduce transport costs and ensure that visits to clients are made in a timely fashion. This paper describes a real-life logistics problem faced by a leading UK charity that services its textile and book donation banks and its high street stores by using a common fleet of vehicles with various carrying capacities. Use of a common fleet gives rise to a vehicle routing problem in which visits to stores are on fixed days of the week with time window constraints and visits to banks (fitted with remote fill-monitoring technology) are made in a timely fashion so that the banks do not become full before collection. A tabu search algorithm was developed to provide vehicle routes f...
Proceedings 2011 International Conference on Transportation, Mechanical, and Electrical Engineering (TMEE), 2011
ABSTRACT It is very important to schedule container flows in a container seaport. Current paper a... more ABSTRACT It is very important to schedule container flows in a container seaport. Current paper aims to discuss the schedule issue of cranes to the handle containers, with an objective of optimizing crane scheduling and container flows in the yard subject to deterministic crane availability constraints. The problem is formulated as NP-hard problem and a revised genetic algorithm is proposed to solve it.
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2007
Using a significant database of origin postcodes, a study was designed to estimate the current an... more Using a significant database of origin postcodes, a study was designed to estimate the current annual mileage associated with visitor trips to household waste recycling centers (HWRCs)—known as manned recycling drop-off centers in the United States—and to identify how this mileage could be reduced if a series of “bring sites” (unmanned recycling drop-off centers) in the community were enhanced to take green garden waste. The total annual distance driven by approximately 4,677,000 visitors to the 26 HWRCs in Hampshire, United Kingdom, is estimated to be 40 million kilometers (assuming that 60% of visitors made dedicated trips), costing approximately £14 million (£1 = $1.896 in April 2005 U.S. dollars) in private transport and emitting approximately 1,873 tonnes of CO2 (as carbon) into the atmosphere. Providing a network of 104 bring sites capable of accepting green waste, in addition to the existing facilities provided by the 26 HWRCs, could save approximately 8.5 million kilometers ...
... been developed and applied to waste collection problems include those by De Rosa et al ... is... more ... been developed and applied to waste collection problems include those by De Rosa et al ... is to try to model the vari-ability explicitly, as proposed by Albareda-Sam-bola et al ... M. Albareda-Sambola, E. Fernandez, G. Laporte, European Journal of Operational Research 179 ( ...
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2000
Investigated are potential new uses for the digital output produced by single inductive loop dete... more Investigated are potential new uses for the digital output produced by single inductive loop detectors (2 m x 1.5 m and 2 m x 6.5 m) used in most European urban traffic control systems. Over a fixed time period, the average loop-occupancy time per vehicle (ALOTPV) for a detector being sampled every 250 ms is determined by taking the number of 250-ms occupancies and dividing by the number of vehicles. In a similar way, the average headway time between vehicles (AHTBV) is determined by taking the number of 250-ms vacancies and dividing by the number of vehicles. Over a 30-s period, the minimum and maximum values of ALOTPV and AHTBV ranged from 1 to 120 (an ALOTPV of 1 and an AHTBV of 120 representing free-flow conditions, an ALOTPV of 120 and an AHTBV of 1 representing a stationary queue). Identifying periods when a link was operating under capacity and at capacity and when it had become saturated could be more clearly identified by using plots of ALOTPV and AHTBV data over time compa...
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2013
Concerns about the impacts of failed first-time home deliveries on road transport and the environ... more Concerns about the impacts of failed first-time home deliveries on road transport and the environment are growing because of the potential for additional vehicle trips for carriers and consumers. Local collection-and-delivery points (CDPs), at which consumers can collect their failed home deliveries, have emerged as a viable solution. On the basis of two databases of households from across Winchester and West Sussex in the United Kingdom and responses from nine major carriers, this paper quantifies greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from carrier and consumer trips related to the conventional delivery method, in which the carrier makes redelivery attempts when a delivery fails, and appraises the environmental benefits of CDP networks for handling delivery failures. The results suggest that most GHG emissions associated with handling failed home deliveries are generated by the carrier. The share of GHG emissions generated from consumers increases as the proportion of failed first-time hom...
Proceedings of the ICE - Waste and Resource Management, 2011
This paper appraises the capabilities and limitations of automated vehicle routeing and schedulin... more This paper appraises the capabilities and limitations of automated vehicle routeing and scheduling methods for designing efficient waste collection rounds. Ways in which waste collection authorities may be able to improve their operational performance through the use of vehicle routeing and scheduling applications are suggested and four case studies from England are included to give an indication of what benefits might be achievable, in terms of reduced vehicle distance, cost, environmental impact or improved service. The paper describes the practical problems associated with designing real-life collection rounds and highlights the areas in which available models may be lacking. Waste and Resource Management Volume 164 Issue WR2 Appraisal of waste collection routeing and scheduling McLeod and Cherrett Waste and Resource Management Volume 164 Issue WR2 Appraisal of waste collection routeing and scheduling McLeod and Cherrett Waste and Resource Management Volume 164 Issue WR2 Appraisal of waste collection routeing and scheduling McLeod and Cherrett Waste and Resource Management Volume 164 Issue WR2 Appraisal of waste collection routeing and scheduling McLeod and Cherrett
Proceedings of the ICE - Waste and Resource Management, 2009
Local authorities are striving to meet their recycling targets by providing householders with a r... more Local authorities are striving to meet their recycling targets by providing householders with a range of recycling opportunities within the community. Household waste recycling centres (HWRCs or manned recycling drop-off centres) and ‘bring-sites’ (unmanned recycling drop-off centres) allow householders to dispose of a range of items that may not be catered for at the kerbside. The current and future transport implications of these facilities as trip generators are not widely understood. Using a database of HWRC visitor origins (n = 7135), this paper estimates the current annual mileage and environmental impacts associated with current visitor trips to HWRCs, given the regulations that govern their use, and identifies how this could be reduced if a series of bring-sites in the community were enhanced. The 4 677 000 annual visitors to the 26 HWRCs in Hampshire (UK) generated 40 million km and approximately 1873 t of carbon dioxide (CO2, as carbon). A network of 104 bring-sites servic...
ABSTRACT Real-time passenger information systems for bus users are now common place with bus stop... more ABSTRACT Real-time passenger information systems for bus users are now common place with bus stops in major UK cities equipped with arrival countdown displays and several apps now providing similar information direct to the Smartphone. Real-time displays at stops are expensive to install and given the current rate of Smartphone take-up, there could be benefits from using Quick Response (QR) codes linking to adapted, mobile friendly, webpages displaying arrival times of buses. This paper reports on a QR code implementation trial on 44 bus stops in six distinct areas of Southampton, UK. Each bus stop was fitted with a poster containing a unique QR code, linking to a website giving live bus arrival information taken from the Southampton traffic control centre. Two types of poster were developed (simplistic with minimal text, and a more comprehensive one) to understand what level of instruction was necessary for QR code use. The number of hits at each stop were monitored via the website and surveys of users through an on-line questionnaire (accessed via the QR code) and face-to-face interviews. The results suggested that there was very little variation in the use of QR codes at stops by day of the week or between peak and inter-peak times but there were variations by geographical area. QR code use improved wait time acceptability and feelings of safety and well-being with the vast majority of users finding the system easy to use.
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Papers by tom cherrett