Automatic Street Light Control System Using LDR and IC555 Timer, 2019
Abstract This project Automatic Street Light Control System aims at designing and executing the a... more Abstract This project Automatic Street Light Control System aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights by using light dependent resistor (LDR). Nowadays, human has become too busy and he is unable to find time even to switch the lights on or off. This can be seen more effectively in the case of street lights. The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads. But the actual timing for these street lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness on the roads. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of lighting system is completely eliminated. In my project using LDR, which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface; this gives an indication for me whether it is a day/night time. This project can be configured by using transistors, IC 555.
Background The pathophysiology of COVID-19 includes immune-mediated hyperinflammation, which coul... more Background The pathophysiology of COVID-19 includes immune-mediated hyperinflammation, which could potentially lead to respiratory failure and death. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is among cytokines that contribute to the inflammatory processes. Lenzilumab, a GM-CSF neutralising monoclonal antibody, was investigated in the LIVE-AIR trial to assess its efficacy and safety in treating COVID-19 beyond available treatments. Methods In LIVE-AIR, a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, hospitalised adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia not requiring invasive mechanical ventilation were recruited from 29 sites in the USA and Brazil and were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive three intravenous doses of lenzilumab (600 mg per dose) or placebo delivered 8 h apart. All patients received standard supportive care, including the use of remdesivir and corticosteroids. Patients were stratified at randomisation by age and disease severity. The primary endpoint was survival without invasive mechanical ventilation to day 28 in the modified intention-to-treat population (mITT), comprising all randomised participants who received at least one dose of study drug under the documented supervision of the principal investigator or sub-investigator. Adverse events were assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04351152, and is completed. Findings Patients were enrolled from May 5, 2020, until Jan 27, 2021. 528 patients were screened, of whom 520 were randomly assigned and included in the intention-to-treat population. 479 of these patients (n=236, lenzilumab; n=243, placebo) were included in the mITT analysis for the primary outcome. Baseline demographics were similar between groups. 311 (65%) participants were males, mean age was 61 (SD 14) years at baseline, and median C-reactive protein concentration was 79 (IQR 41–137) mg/L. Steroids were administered to 449 (94%) patients and remdesivir to 347 (72%) patients; 331 (69%) patients received both treatments. Survival without invasive mechanical ventilation to day 28 was achieved in 198 (84%; 95% CI 79–89) participants in the lenzilumab group and in 190 (78%; 72–83) patients in the placebo group, and the likelihood of survival was greater with lenzilumab than placebo (hazard ratio 1·54; 95% CI 1·02–2·32; p=0·040). 68 (27%) of 255 patients in the lenzilumab group and 84 (33%) of 257 patients in the placebo group experienced at least one adverse event that was at least grade 3 in severity based on CTCAE criteria. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events of grade 3 or higher were related to respiratory disorders (26%) and cardiac disorders (6%) and none led to death. Interpretation Lenzilumab significantly improved survival without invasive mechanical ventilation in hospitalised patients with COVID-19, with a safety profile similar to that of placebo. The added value of lenzilumab beyond other immunomodulators used to treat COVID-19 alongside steroids remains unknown. Funding Humanigen.
Multiuser Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) offers big advantages over conventional point-to-... more Multiuser Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) offers big advantages over conventional point-to-point MIMO: it works with cheap single-antenna terminals, a rich scattering environment is not required, and resource allocation is simplified because every active terminal utilizes all of the time-frequency bins. However, multiuser MIMO, as originally envisioned with roughly equal numbers of service-antennas and terminals and frequency division duplex operation, is not a scalable technology. Massive MIMO (also known as "Large-Scale Antenna Systems", "Very Large MIMO", "Hyper MIMO", "Full-Dimension MIMO" and "ARGOS") makes a clean break with current practice through the use of a large excess of service-antennas over active terminals and time division duplex operation. Extra antennas help by focusing energy into ever-smaller regions of space to bring huge improvements in throughput and radiated energy efficiency. Other benefits of massive MIMO include the extensive use of inexpensive low-power components, reduced latency, simplification of the media access control (MAC) layer, and robustness to intentional jamming. The anticipated throughput depend on the propagation environment providing asymptotically orthogonal channels to the terminals, but so far experiments have not disclosed any limitations in this regard. While massive MIMO renders many traditional research problems irrelevant, it uncovers entirely new problems that urgently need attention: the challenge of making many low-cost low-precision components that work effectively together, acquisition and synchronization for newly-joined terminals, the exploitation of extra degrees of freedom provided by the excess of service-antennas, reducing internal power consumption to achieve total energy efficiency reductions, and finding new deployment scenarios. This paper presents an overview of the massive MIMO concept and of contemporary research on the topic. 1 Background: MultiUser MIMO Maturing MIMO, Multiple-Input Multiple Output, technology relies on multiple antennas to simultaneously transmit multiple streams of data in wireless communication systems. When MIMO is used to communicate with several terminals at the same time, we speak of multiuser MIMO. Here, we just say MU-MIMO for short.
The project is designed to acute a load when IR rays are interrupted by any object. This i... more The project is designed to acute a load when IR rays are interrupted by any object. This is useful in industries for sensing movement of material in a conveyor belt for any action to be taken. The project utilizes 38 KHz IR signal generated feeding an IR diode which is received by tuned IR receiver. These IR sensors are interfaced to a microcontroller of arduino Atmega 382.
Multi-user MIMO offers big advantages over conventional point-to-point MIMO: it works with cheap ... more Multi-user MIMO offers big advantages over conventional point-to-point MIMO: it works with cheap single-antenna terminals, a rich scattering environment is not required, and resource allocation is simplified because every active terminal utilizes all of the time-frequency bins. However, multi-user MIMO, as originally envisioned, with roughly equal numbers of service antennas and terminals and frequency-division duplex operation, is not a scalable technology. Massive MIMO (also known as large-scale antenna systems, very large MIMO, hyper MIMO, full-dimension MIMO, and ARGOS) makes a clean break with current practice through the use of a large excess of service antennas over active terminals and time-division duplex operation.
Radar is an acronym for Radio Detection And Ranging.
Radar have become indispensable in several ... more Radar is an acronym for Radio Detection And Ranging.
Radar have become indispensable in several major fields of research and in commerce.
Automatic Street Light Control System Using LDR and IC555 Timer, 2019
Abstract
This project Automatic Street Light Control System aims at designing and executing the a... more Abstract This project Automatic Street Light Control System aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights by using light dependent resistor (LDR). Nowadays, human has become too busy and he is unable to find time even to switch the lights on or off. This can be seen more effectively in the case of street lights. The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads. But the actual timing for these street lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness on the roads. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of lighting system is completely eliminated. In my project using LDR, which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface; this gives an indication for me whether it is a day/night time. This project can be configured by using transistors, IC 555.
The DSP processors available on the market today vary drastically in their ability to meet the fi... more The DSP processors available on the market today vary drastically in their ability to meet the five key requirements of DSP processing. In fact, some DSP-oriented processors, like the TMS320C50, are better high-speed microcontrollers than they are DSP processors. Analyzing the requirements of your DSP system and matching them to the capabilities of a DSP architecture will assure efficient operation. Overall the straightforward architecture and the algebraic syntax of the instruction set for the ADSP-2115 processor allows the programmer to spend more time concentrating on a complex DSP algorithm instead of spending time optimizing code for an unnecessarily complex architecture.
Automatic Street Light Control System Using LDR and IC555 Timer, 2019
Abstract This project Automatic Street Light Control System aims at designing and executing the a... more Abstract This project Automatic Street Light Control System aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights by using light dependent resistor (LDR). Nowadays, human has become too busy and he is unable to find time even to switch the lights on or off. This can be seen more effectively in the case of street lights. The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads. But the actual timing for these street lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness on the roads. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of lighting system is completely eliminated. In my project using LDR, which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface; this gives an indication for me whether it is a day/night time. This project can be configured by using transistors, IC 555.
Background The pathophysiology of COVID-19 includes immune-mediated hyperinflammation, which coul... more Background The pathophysiology of COVID-19 includes immune-mediated hyperinflammation, which could potentially lead to respiratory failure and death. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is among cytokines that contribute to the inflammatory processes. Lenzilumab, a GM-CSF neutralising monoclonal antibody, was investigated in the LIVE-AIR trial to assess its efficacy and safety in treating COVID-19 beyond available treatments. Methods In LIVE-AIR, a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, hospitalised adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia not requiring invasive mechanical ventilation were recruited from 29 sites in the USA and Brazil and were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive three intravenous doses of lenzilumab (600 mg per dose) or placebo delivered 8 h apart. All patients received standard supportive care, including the use of remdesivir and corticosteroids. Patients were stratified at randomisation by age and disease severity. The primary endpoint was survival without invasive mechanical ventilation to day 28 in the modified intention-to-treat population (mITT), comprising all randomised participants who received at least one dose of study drug under the documented supervision of the principal investigator or sub-investigator. Adverse events were assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04351152, and is completed. Findings Patients were enrolled from May 5, 2020, until Jan 27, 2021. 528 patients were screened, of whom 520 were randomly assigned and included in the intention-to-treat population. 479 of these patients (n=236, lenzilumab; n=243, placebo) were included in the mITT analysis for the primary outcome. Baseline demographics were similar between groups. 311 (65%) participants were males, mean age was 61 (SD 14) years at baseline, and median C-reactive protein concentration was 79 (IQR 41–137) mg/L. Steroids were administered to 449 (94%) patients and remdesivir to 347 (72%) patients; 331 (69%) patients received both treatments. Survival without invasive mechanical ventilation to day 28 was achieved in 198 (84%; 95% CI 79–89) participants in the lenzilumab group and in 190 (78%; 72–83) patients in the placebo group, and the likelihood of survival was greater with lenzilumab than placebo (hazard ratio 1·54; 95% CI 1·02–2·32; p=0·040). 68 (27%) of 255 patients in the lenzilumab group and 84 (33%) of 257 patients in the placebo group experienced at least one adverse event that was at least grade 3 in severity based on CTCAE criteria. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events of grade 3 or higher were related to respiratory disorders (26%) and cardiac disorders (6%) and none led to death. Interpretation Lenzilumab significantly improved survival without invasive mechanical ventilation in hospitalised patients with COVID-19, with a safety profile similar to that of placebo. The added value of lenzilumab beyond other immunomodulators used to treat COVID-19 alongside steroids remains unknown. Funding Humanigen.
Multiuser Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) offers big advantages over conventional point-to-... more Multiuser Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) offers big advantages over conventional point-to-point MIMO: it works with cheap single-antenna terminals, a rich scattering environment is not required, and resource allocation is simplified because every active terminal utilizes all of the time-frequency bins. However, multiuser MIMO, as originally envisioned with roughly equal numbers of service-antennas and terminals and frequency division duplex operation, is not a scalable technology. Massive MIMO (also known as "Large-Scale Antenna Systems", "Very Large MIMO", "Hyper MIMO", "Full-Dimension MIMO" and "ARGOS") makes a clean break with current practice through the use of a large excess of service-antennas over active terminals and time division duplex operation. Extra antennas help by focusing energy into ever-smaller regions of space to bring huge improvements in throughput and radiated energy efficiency. Other benefits of massive MIMO include the extensive use of inexpensive low-power components, reduced latency, simplification of the media access control (MAC) layer, and robustness to intentional jamming. The anticipated throughput depend on the propagation environment providing asymptotically orthogonal channels to the terminals, but so far experiments have not disclosed any limitations in this regard. While massive MIMO renders many traditional research problems irrelevant, it uncovers entirely new problems that urgently need attention: the challenge of making many low-cost low-precision components that work effectively together, acquisition and synchronization for newly-joined terminals, the exploitation of extra degrees of freedom provided by the excess of service-antennas, reducing internal power consumption to achieve total energy efficiency reductions, and finding new deployment scenarios. This paper presents an overview of the massive MIMO concept and of contemporary research on the topic. 1 Background: MultiUser MIMO Maturing MIMO, Multiple-Input Multiple Output, technology relies on multiple antennas to simultaneously transmit multiple streams of data in wireless communication systems. When MIMO is used to communicate with several terminals at the same time, we speak of multiuser MIMO. Here, we just say MU-MIMO for short.
The project is designed to acute a load when IR rays are interrupted by any object. This i... more The project is designed to acute a load when IR rays are interrupted by any object. This is useful in industries for sensing movement of material in a conveyor belt for any action to be taken. The project utilizes 38 KHz IR signal generated feeding an IR diode which is received by tuned IR receiver. These IR sensors are interfaced to a microcontroller of arduino Atmega 382.
Multi-user MIMO offers big advantages over conventional point-to-point MIMO: it works with cheap ... more Multi-user MIMO offers big advantages over conventional point-to-point MIMO: it works with cheap single-antenna terminals, a rich scattering environment is not required, and resource allocation is simplified because every active terminal utilizes all of the time-frequency bins. However, multi-user MIMO, as originally envisioned, with roughly equal numbers of service antennas and terminals and frequency-division duplex operation, is not a scalable technology. Massive MIMO (also known as large-scale antenna systems, very large MIMO, hyper MIMO, full-dimension MIMO, and ARGOS) makes a clean break with current practice through the use of a large excess of service antennas over active terminals and time-division duplex operation.
Radar is an acronym for Radio Detection And Ranging.
Radar have become indispensable in several ... more Radar is an acronym for Radio Detection And Ranging.
Radar have become indispensable in several major fields of research and in commerce.
Automatic Street Light Control System Using LDR and IC555 Timer, 2019
Abstract
This project Automatic Street Light Control System aims at designing and executing the a... more Abstract This project Automatic Street Light Control System aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights by using light dependent resistor (LDR). Nowadays, human has become too busy and he is unable to find time even to switch the lights on or off. This can be seen more effectively in the case of street lights. The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads. But the actual timing for these street lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness on the roads. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of lighting system is completely eliminated. In my project using LDR, which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface; this gives an indication for me whether it is a day/night time. This project can be configured by using transistors, IC 555.
The DSP processors available on the market today vary drastically in their ability to meet the fi... more The DSP processors available on the market today vary drastically in their ability to meet the five key requirements of DSP processing. In fact, some DSP-oriented processors, like the TMS320C50, are better high-speed microcontrollers than they are DSP processors. Analyzing the requirements of your DSP system and matching them to the capabilities of a DSP architecture will assure efficient operation. Overall the straightforward architecture and the algebraic syntax of the instruction set for the ADSP-2115 processor allows the programmer to spend more time concentrating on a complex DSP algorithm instead of spending time optimizing code for an unnecessarily complex architecture.
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Radar have become indispensable in several major fields of research and in commerce.
This project Automatic Street Light Control System aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights by using light dependent resistor (LDR). Nowadays, human has become too busy and he is unable to find time even to switch the lights on or off. This can be seen more effectively in the case of street lights. The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads. But the actual timing for these street lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness on the roads. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of lighting system is completely eliminated. In my project using LDR, which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface; this gives an indication for me whether it is a day/night time. This project can be configured by using transistors, IC 555.
Radar have become indispensable in several major fields of research and in commerce.
This project Automatic Street Light Control System aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights by using light dependent resistor (LDR). Nowadays, human has become too busy and he is unable to find time even to switch the lights on or off. This can be seen more effectively in the case of street lights. The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads. But the actual timing for these street lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness on the roads. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of lighting system is completely eliminated. In my project using LDR, which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface; this gives an indication for me whether it is a day/night time. This project can be configured by using transistors, IC 555.