Giardia lamblia is the most common worldwide intestinal protozoan infection. TNF-has an important... more Giardia lamblia is the most common worldwide intestinal protozoan infection. TNF-has an important role in early giardiasis control. TNFinvestigate the effect of TNF-®) on the pathology and the outcome of giardiasis in mice. A total of 45 laboratory-bred Swiss albino mice were divided into 2 groups: tested group and control group. Tested group was G. lamblia infected, then treated with Adalimumab and subdivided into 3 subgroups (GIa, GIb, & GIc) according to given doses (1.5, 3, & 6mg/kg/BW respectively). Control group was subdivided into 2 subgroups, Giardia infected control and normal control (not infected or treated). Infection was assessed by successive stool analysis for cyst count and trophozoite count in intestinal wash, and histo-pathological changes in small intestinal sections. Serum TNFevaluated by ELISA. The results showed that highest mean serum TNF-ed control on 16 th dpi compared to normal control and GIb & GIc. Mean serum TNF-didn't not show significant differences in tested group compared to control on 28 dpi. Peak of cyst count was on 15 th dpi in tested group and infected control. The highest cyst count was in GIb (3mg/kg/BW). Cyst count was significantly higher in tested group compared to infected control to the experimental end. Number of trophozoites in intestinal wash in tested group was significantly higher than in infected control on 28 th dpi. The intestinal sections of tested group showed moderate to severe inflammatory reaction with more inflammatory cellular infiltration in the lamina propria causing villous shortening and blunting more than in the infected control. The lymphoid follicles and sloughing of the epithelium were only in test subgroups on 16 th dpi.
Background Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common inherited form of colorectal cancer (CRC), is res... more Background Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common inherited form of colorectal cancer (CRC), is responsible for 3% of all cases of CRC. LS is caused by a mismatch repair gene defect and is characterized by a high risk for CRC, endometrial cancer and several other cancers. Identification of LS is of utmost importance because colonoscopic surveillance substantially improves a patient’s prognosis. Recently, a network of physicians in Middle Eastern and North African (ME/NA) countries was established to improve the identification and management of LS families. The aim of the present survey was to evaluate current healthcare for families with LS in this region. Methods A questionnaire was developed that addressed the following issues: availability of clinical management guidelines for LS; attention paid to family history of cancer; availability of genetic services for identification and diagnosis of LS; and assessment of knowledge of LS surveillance. Members of the network and authors of r...
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020
BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common female cancer worldwide constitutin... more BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common female cancer worldwide constituting 7% of cancer in women. It is a disease of older, postmenopausal women. The most of these patients have an identifiable source of excess estrogen, while in a small subset the pathogenesis is related to mismatch repair abnormality and lynch syndrome (LC). Mismatch repair behave as tumor suppressors and the most clinically relevant include MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) results in a strong mutator phenotype known as microsatellite instability, which is a hallmark of LC-associated cancers. AIM: The aim of the study was to study microsatellite instability in endometrial cancer using the immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty EC cases were studied using MLH-1, MSH-2, MSH-6, and PMS-2 immunohistochemistry and their expression was correlated with different clinicopathologic parameters. ...
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma ranks the first among malignant tumours in females and is the chief ... more BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma ranks the first among malignant tumours in females and is the chief cause of cancer-related mortality. Androgen in implicated in the induction of proliferation and growth of mammary cells through binding to their corresponding receptors. Androgens influence the risk of acquiring breast cancer through either direct binding to androgen receptors (AR) or indirectly through their transformation to estradiol or competing for steroid binding proteins. AIM: To study the expression of AR in various breast cancer subtypes and to elucidate its clinical significance by correlating it with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS: One hundred and fifty breast cancer cases were studied using AR immunohistochemistry, and its expression was correlated with different clinicopathologic parameters and with ER, PR, Her-2/neu and Ki 67 expression. RESULTS: AR was expressed in 91 breast carcinoma cases out of 150 examined. There was a statistically significant correlation bet...
Background: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of malignant thyroid tumors... more Background: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of malignant thyroid tumors. The main diagnostic clue of PTC is the presence of its characteristic nuclear features. Yet, the focal presence of these features in other thyroid lesions causes a diagnostic dilemma. Aim: To evaluate Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and CD56 immunostains as useful diagnostic markers in distinguishing papillary thyroid carcinoma from other mimicking thyroid lesions. Methods: Eighty cases of different thyroid lesions were submitted for immunohistochemical staining of CK19 and CD56. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy were analyzed. Results: CK19 was expressed in 87.8% and 21.2% of the PTC group and the non-papillary carcinoma (NPTC) group respectively, with significant difference (P < 0.001). CD56 expression was lost with 81.8% of the PTC group. However, CK19 was negative in only 12.7% of the NPTC group, with significant difference (P < 0.001). Comparing papillary carcinoma with papillary hyperplasia, CK19 was the most sensitive immunostain and CD56 was the most specific one, with better diagnostic accuracy in combining both immunostains. Co-expression of CK19/CD56 provided 100% sensitivity and 92% diagnostic accuracy in differentiating follicular variant of PTC from follicular adenoma. Comparing FVPTC with follicular carcinoma, sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy increased to 100% and 91.7% respectively. On distinction between papillary carcinoma (Hurthle cell variant) and Hurthle cell adenoma, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 100%, 75% and 83.3% respectively, with CK19/CD56 staining combination. Comparing papillary carcinoma on top of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, co-expression of both markers was associated with 100% specificity, as well as increase in PPV and diagnostic accuracy to 91%. Conclusion: The combined use of CK19 and CD56 is helpful in discriminating papillary thyroid carcinoma and its variants from other mimicking thyroid lesions.
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2017
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Microsatellite i... more BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is detected in about 15% of all colorectal cancers. CRC with MSI has particular characteristics such as improved survival rates and better prognosis. They also have a distinct sensitivity to the action of chemotherapy.AIM: The aim of the study was to detect microsatellite instability in a cohort of colorectal cancer Egyptian patients using the immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cases were divided into Microsatellite stable (MSS), Microsatellite unstable low (MSI-L) and Microsatellite unstable high (MSI-H). This Microsatellite stability status was correlated with different clinicopathological parameters.RESULTS: There was a statistically significant correlation between the age of cases, tumor site & grade and the microsatellite stability status. There was no statistically significant correlation bet...
European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies, Jan 27, 2015
Pheochromocytomas (PCC) are neuroendocrine tumors occurring in the adrenal medulla, while paragan... more Pheochromocytomas (PCC) are neuroendocrine tumors occurring in the adrenal medulla, while paragangliomas (PGL) arise from paraganglia in the head, neck, thorax or abdomen. In a variety of tumors, cancer cells with stem cell-like properties seem to form the basis of tumor initiation by their ability of self-renewal and proliferation. Specifically targeting this small cell population may lay the foundation for more effective therapeutic approaches. In this study we intend to identify stem cells in PCC/PGL. We examined the immunohistochemical expression of 11 stem cell markers (SOX2, LIN28, NGFR, THY1, PREF1, SOX17, NESTIN, CD117, OCT3/4, NANOG, CD133) on tissue microarrays containing 208 PCCs/PGLs of different genetic backgrounds from 5 European centers. SOX2, LIN28, NGFR, and THY1 were expressed in more than 10% of tumors and PREF1, SOX17, NESTIN, and CD117 were expressed in less than 10% of samples. OCT3/4, NANOG and CD133 were not detectable at all. Double-staining for Chromogranin...
Giardia lamblia is the most common worldwide intestinal protozoan infection. TNF-has an important... more Giardia lamblia is the most common worldwide intestinal protozoan infection. TNF-has an important role in early giardiasis control. TNFinvestigate the effect of TNF-®) on the pathology and the outcome of giardiasis in mice. A total of 45 laboratory-bred Swiss albino mice were divided into 2 groups: tested group and control group. Tested group was G. lamblia infected, then treated with Adalimumab and subdivided into 3 subgroups (GIa, GIb, & GIc) according to given doses (1.5, 3, & 6mg/kg/BW respectively). Control group was subdivided into 2 subgroups, Giardia infected control and normal control (not infected or treated). Infection was assessed by successive stool analysis for cyst count and trophozoite count in intestinal wash, and histo-pathological changes in small intestinal sections. Serum TNFevaluated by ELISA. The results showed that highest mean serum TNF-ed control on 16 th dpi compared to normal control and GIb & GIc. Mean serum TNF-didn't not show significant differences in tested group compared to control on 28 dpi. Peak of cyst count was on 15 th dpi in tested group and infected control. The highest cyst count was in GIb (3mg/kg/BW). Cyst count was significantly higher in tested group compared to infected control to the experimental end. Number of trophozoites in intestinal wash in tested group was significantly higher than in infected control on 28 th dpi. The intestinal sections of tested group showed moderate to severe inflammatory reaction with more inflammatory cellular infiltration in the lamina propria causing villous shortening and blunting more than in the infected control. The lymphoid follicles and sloughing of the epithelium were only in test subgroups on 16 th dpi.
Background Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common inherited form of colorectal cancer (CRC), is res... more Background Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common inherited form of colorectal cancer (CRC), is responsible for 3% of all cases of CRC. LS is caused by a mismatch repair gene defect and is characterized by a high risk for CRC, endometrial cancer and several other cancers. Identification of LS is of utmost importance because colonoscopic surveillance substantially improves a patient’s prognosis. Recently, a network of physicians in Middle Eastern and North African (ME/NA) countries was established to improve the identification and management of LS families. The aim of the present survey was to evaluate current healthcare for families with LS in this region. Methods A questionnaire was developed that addressed the following issues: availability of clinical management guidelines for LS; attention paid to family history of cancer; availability of genetic services for identification and diagnosis of LS; and assessment of knowledge of LS surveillance. Members of the network and authors of r...
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020
BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common female cancer worldwide constitutin... more BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common female cancer worldwide constituting 7% of cancer in women. It is a disease of older, postmenopausal women. The most of these patients have an identifiable source of excess estrogen, while in a small subset the pathogenesis is related to mismatch repair abnormality and lynch syndrome (LC). Mismatch repair behave as tumor suppressors and the most clinically relevant include MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) results in a strong mutator phenotype known as microsatellite instability, which is a hallmark of LC-associated cancers. AIM: The aim of the study was to study microsatellite instability in endometrial cancer using the immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty EC cases were studied using MLH-1, MSH-2, MSH-6, and PMS-2 immunohistochemistry and their expression was correlated with different clinicopathologic parameters. ...
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma ranks the first among malignant tumours in females and is the chief ... more BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma ranks the first among malignant tumours in females and is the chief cause of cancer-related mortality. Androgen in implicated in the induction of proliferation and growth of mammary cells through binding to their corresponding receptors. Androgens influence the risk of acquiring breast cancer through either direct binding to androgen receptors (AR) or indirectly through their transformation to estradiol or competing for steroid binding proteins. AIM: To study the expression of AR in various breast cancer subtypes and to elucidate its clinical significance by correlating it with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS: One hundred and fifty breast cancer cases were studied using AR immunohistochemistry, and its expression was correlated with different clinicopathologic parameters and with ER, PR, Her-2/neu and Ki 67 expression. RESULTS: AR was expressed in 91 breast carcinoma cases out of 150 examined. There was a statistically significant correlation bet...
Background: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of malignant thyroid tumors... more Background: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of malignant thyroid tumors. The main diagnostic clue of PTC is the presence of its characteristic nuclear features. Yet, the focal presence of these features in other thyroid lesions causes a diagnostic dilemma. Aim: To evaluate Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and CD56 immunostains as useful diagnostic markers in distinguishing papillary thyroid carcinoma from other mimicking thyroid lesions. Methods: Eighty cases of different thyroid lesions were submitted for immunohistochemical staining of CK19 and CD56. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy were analyzed. Results: CK19 was expressed in 87.8% and 21.2% of the PTC group and the non-papillary carcinoma (NPTC) group respectively, with significant difference (P < 0.001). CD56 expression was lost with 81.8% of the PTC group. However, CK19 was negative in only 12.7% of the NPTC group, with significant difference (P < 0.001). Comparing papillary carcinoma with papillary hyperplasia, CK19 was the most sensitive immunostain and CD56 was the most specific one, with better diagnostic accuracy in combining both immunostains. Co-expression of CK19/CD56 provided 100% sensitivity and 92% diagnostic accuracy in differentiating follicular variant of PTC from follicular adenoma. Comparing FVPTC with follicular carcinoma, sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy increased to 100% and 91.7% respectively. On distinction between papillary carcinoma (Hurthle cell variant) and Hurthle cell adenoma, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 100%, 75% and 83.3% respectively, with CK19/CD56 staining combination. Comparing papillary carcinoma on top of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, co-expression of both markers was associated with 100% specificity, as well as increase in PPV and diagnostic accuracy to 91%. Conclusion: The combined use of CK19 and CD56 is helpful in discriminating papillary thyroid carcinoma and its variants from other mimicking thyroid lesions.
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2017
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Microsatellite i... more BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is detected in about 15% of all colorectal cancers. CRC with MSI has particular characteristics such as improved survival rates and better prognosis. They also have a distinct sensitivity to the action of chemotherapy.AIM: The aim of the study was to detect microsatellite instability in a cohort of colorectal cancer Egyptian patients using the immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cases were divided into Microsatellite stable (MSS), Microsatellite unstable low (MSI-L) and Microsatellite unstable high (MSI-H). This Microsatellite stability status was correlated with different clinicopathological parameters.RESULTS: There was a statistically significant correlation between the age of cases, tumor site & grade and the microsatellite stability status. There was no statistically significant correlation bet...
European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies, Jan 27, 2015
Pheochromocytomas (PCC) are neuroendocrine tumors occurring in the adrenal medulla, while paragan... more Pheochromocytomas (PCC) are neuroendocrine tumors occurring in the adrenal medulla, while paragangliomas (PGL) arise from paraganglia in the head, neck, thorax or abdomen. In a variety of tumors, cancer cells with stem cell-like properties seem to form the basis of tumor initiation by their ability of self-renewal and proliferation. Specifically targeting this small cell population may lay the foundation for more effective therapeutic approaches. In this study we intend to identify stem cells in PCC/PGL. We examined the immunohistochemical expression of 11 stem cell markers (SOX2, LIN28, NGFR, THY1, PREF1, SOX17, NESTIN, CD117, OCT3/4, NANOG, CD133) on tissue microarrays containing 208 PCCs/PGLs of different genetic backgrounds from 5 European centers. SOX2, LIN28, NGFR, and THY1 were expressed in more than 10% of tumors and PREF1, SOX17, NESTIN, and CD117 were expressed in less than 10% of samples. OCT3/4, NANOG and CD133 were not detectable at all. Double-staining for Chromogranin...
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