Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of ecological experi... more Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of ecological experiment. Sensor networks consist of large number of tiny sensor nodes, all of which have sensing capabilities. These networks allow coordinated signal detection, monitoring, and tracking to enable sensor nodes to simultaneously capture geographically distinct measurements. Sensor nodes do not require predetermined positioning making such networks especially useful for applications in remote, inhospitable environments. In this paper we have tried to see the various ecological experimental scenarios, and how wireless sensor networks can be used in that field. One of the most challenging bottlenecks in the usage of wireless sensor networks in large scale experiments is the energy constraint. Various routing protocols which have tried to optimize the energy usage are also studied in the paper.
Temperatures have risen at a faster rate across various mountainous regions around the world. A s... more Temperatures have risen at a faster rate across various mountainous regions around the world. A study of the changing rainfall patterns and their spatiotemporal variability is critical for agricultural, water resource, and hydrological planning and management. The goal of this research is twofold: first, using functional data analysis climate change hotspots are determined, which in turn identified most temperature increases in high elevations. Second, these hotspots are utilized to investigate the impact of temperature changes on the frequency of extreme rainfall events in this Northwestern Himalaya region. Our study observed that the frequency of rainfall extremes, such as, at the 90th, 95th, and 99.99th percentile values, is found to be increasing mostly in lower Himalayan regions. A warmer atmosphere leads to heavy precipitation events as the capacity of air to hold moisture increases with the increase in temperature. The continuous temperature rise possibly indicates an increase in extreme rainfall events in the region. Further, this study reports an interesting finding that can help us better understand the impact of climate change in the region: the frequency of shorter wet spells has increased around the recent mean‐change year, whereas the frequency of long spells has reduced. The frequency of longest wet spells shows a decrease across all seasons, leading to drought in the higher altitude region, whereas the short‐wet spell frequency has increased in the lower altitude regions. Insight into the changing patterns of rainfall is crucial for hydrological and agricultural management.
Ecological research is the investigation of processes and patterns that explain the relationships... more Ecological research is the investigation of processes and patterns that explain the relationships between living organisms and their environment. To understand this relationship, the effect of various changes in environment on organisms is
LSU SensorSimulator is a framework for simulating wireless sensor networks. It is a customizable ... more LSU SensorSimulator is a framework for simulating wireless sensor networks. It is a customizable and extendible simulator, which allows testing and analyzing software for wireless sensor networks. The users can subclass the framework classes and customize the behavior of various network layers. This subclassing gives a way to the developers an opportunity to analyze and investigate, phenomenological, networking, robustness and scaling issues, to explore arbitrary algorithms for distributed sensors, independent of hardware constraint. The results are compared against the simulation results for ns-2 for routing protocols Directed Diffusion and GEAR. Through the comparison of results for scalability, performance and memory utilization it is observed that LSU SensorSimulator performs much better. Buddy load sharing routing protocol is a routing protocol which can be combined with any geographically aware routing protocol to increase the network life and connectivity. The performance of ...
Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of engineering appli... more Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of engineering applications. Before relegating important and safety-critical tasks to such subsystems, it is necessary to understand the dynamic behavior of these subsystems in simulation environments. There is an urgent need to develop simulation platforms that are useful to explore both the networking issues and the distributed computing aspects of wireless sensor networks. Current efforts to simulating wireless sensor networks largely focus on the networking issues. These approaches use well-known network simulation tools that are difficult to extend to explore distributed computing issues. Discrete-event simulation is a trusted platform for modeling and simulating a variety of systems. We report results obtained from a new simulator for wireless sensor networks networks that is based on the discrete event simulation framework called OMNeT++. Work is underway to develop a simulation platform that allows ...
Ecological research is the investigation of processes and patterns that explain the relationships... more Ecological research is the investigation of processes and patterns that explain the relationships between living organisms and their environment. To understand this relationship, the effect of various changes in environment on organisms is
... To understand this relationship, the effect of various changes in environment on organisms is... more ... To understand this relationship, the effect of various changes in environment on organisms is observed. Most of these observations are made over a period of months. ... Thus various studies require different frequencies at which observations need to be made. ...
Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of engineering appli... more Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of engineering applications. Before relegating important and safety-critical tasks to such subsystems, it is necessary to understand the dynamic behavior of these subsystems in simulation environments. There is an urgent need to develop simulation platforms that are useful to explore both the networking issues and the distributed computing aspects of wireless sensor networks. Current efforts to simulating wireless sensor networks largely focus on the networking issues. These approaches use well-known network simulation tools that are difficult to extend to explore distributed computing issues. Discrete-event simulation is a trusted platform for modeling and simulating a variety of systems. We report results obtained from a new simulator for wireless sensor networks networks that is based on the discrete event simulation framework called OMNeT++. Work is underway to develop a simulation platform that allows developers and researchers to investigate topological, phenomenological, networking, robustness and scaling issues related to wireless sensor networks. As a first step, we have developed simulations for the 802.11 MAC and the well-known sensor network protocol called Directed Diffusion. We demonstrate the performance of our simulator by comparing its performance to that of the well-known simulator ns2. Our results indicate that our simulator executes at least an order of magnitude faster than NS-2 and makes more efficient use of the available memory. The ease of modifying the sensor network and scalability, which is defined as the number of nodes that can be simulated, are two distinguishing features of our simulator.
Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of ecological experi... more Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of ecological experiment. Sensor networks consist of large number of tiny sensor nodes, all of which have sensing capabilities. These networks allow coordinated signal detection, monitoring, and tracking to enable sensor nodes to simultaneously capture geographically distinct measurements. Sensor nodes do not require predetermined positioning making such networks especially useful for applications in remote, inhospitable environments. In this paper we have tried to see the various ecological experimental scenarios, and how wireless sensor networks can be used in that field. One of the most challenging bottlenecks in the usage of wireless sensor networks in large scale experiments is the energy constraint. Various routing protocols which have tried to optimize the energy usage are also studied in the paper.
Temperatures have risen at a faster rate across various mountainous regions around the world. A s... more Temperatures have risen at a faster rate across various mountainous regions around the world. A study of the changing rainfall patterns and their spatiotemporal variability is critical for agricultural, water resource, and hydrological planning and management. The goal of this research is twofold: first, using functional data analysis climate change hotspots are determined, which in turn identified most temperature increases in high elevations. Second, these hotspots are utilized to investigate the impact of temperature changes on the frequency of extreme rainfall events in this Northwestern Himalaya region. Our study observed that the frequency of rainfall extremes, such as, at the 90th, 95th, and 99.99th percentile values, is found to be increasing mostly in lower Himalayan regions. A warmer atmosphere leads to heavy precipitation events as the capacity of air to hold moisture increases with the increase in temperature. The continuous temperature rise possibly indicates an increase in extreme rainfall events in the region. Further, this study reports an interesting finding that can help us better understand the impact of climate change in the region: the frequency of shorter wet spells has increased around the recent mean‐change year, whereas the frequency of long spells has reduced. The frequency of longest wet spells shows a decrease across all seasons, leading to drought in the higher altitude region, whereas the short‐wet spell frequency has increased in the lower altitude regions. Insight into the changing patterns of rainfall is crucial for hydrological and agricultural management.
Ecological research is the investigation of processes and patterns that explain the relationships... more Ecological research is the investigation of processes and patterns that explain the relationships between living organisms and their environment. To understand this relationship, the effect of various changes in environment on organisms is
LSU SensorSimulator is a framework for simulating wireless sensor networks. It is a customizable ... more LSU SensorSimulator is a framework for simulating wireless sensor networks. It is a customizable and extendible simulator, which allows testing and analyzing software for wireless sensor networks. The users can subclass the framework classes and customize the behavior of various network layers. This subclassing gives a way to the developers an opportunity to analyze and investigate, phenomenological, networking, robustness and scaling issues, to explore arbitrary algorithms for distributed sensors, independent of hardware constraint. The results are compared against the simulation results for ns-2 for routing protocols Directed Diffusion and GEAR. Through the comparison of results for scalability, performance and memory utilization it is observed that LSU SensorSimulator performs much better. Buddy load sharing routing protocol is a routing protocol which can be combined with any geographically aware routing protocol to increase the network life and connectivity. The performance of ...
Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of engineering appli... more Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of engineering applications. Before relegating important and safety-critical tasks to such subsystems, it is necessary to understand the dynamic behavior of these subsystems in simulation environments. There is an urgent need to develop simulation platforms that are useful to explore both the networking issues and the distributed computing aspects of wireless sensor networks. Current efforts to simulating wireless sensor networks largely focus on the networking issues. These approaches use well-known network simulation tools that are difficult to extend to explore distributed computing issues. Discrete-event simulation is a trusted platform for modeling and simulating a variety of systems. We report results obtained from a new simulator for wireless sensor networks networks that is based on the discrete event simulation framework called OMNeT++. Work is underway to develop a simulation platform that allows ...
Ecological research is the investigation of processes and patterns that explain the relationships... more Ecological research is the investigation of processes and patterns that explain the relationships between living organisms and their environment. To understand this relationship, the effect of various changes in environment on organisms is
... To understand this relationship, the effect of various changes in environment on organisms is... more ... To understand this relationship, the effect of various changes in environment on organisms is observed. Most of these observations are made over a period of months. ... Thus various studies require different frequencies at which observations need to be made. ...
Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of engineering appli... more Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become significant subsystems of engineering applications. Before relegating important and safety-critical tasks to such subsystems, it is necessary to understand the dynamic behavior of these subsystems in simulation environments. There is an urgent need to develop simulation platforms that are useful to explore both the networking issues and the distributed computing aspects of wireless sensor networks. Current efforts to simulating wireless sensor networks largely focus on the networking issues. These approaches use well-known network simulation tools that are difficult to extend to explore distributed computing issues. Discrete-event simulation is a trusted platform for modeling and simulating a variety of systems. We report results obtained from a new simulator for wireless sensor networks networks that is based on the discrete event simulation framework called OMNeT++. Work is underway to develop a simulation platform that allows developers and researchers to investigate topological, phenomenological, networking, robustness and scaling issues related to wireless sensor networks. As a first step, we have developed simulations for the 802.11 MAC and the well-known sensor network protocol called Directed Diffusion. We demonstrate the performance of our simulator by comparing its performance to that of the well-known simulator ns2. Our results indicate that our simulator executes at least an order of magnitude faster than NS-2 and makes more efficient use of the available memory. The ease of modifying the sensor network and scalability, which is defined as the number of nodes that can be simulated, are two distinguishing features of our simulator.
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