We report a simple and mass-scalable approach for thin MoS2 films via RF sputtering combined with... more We report a simple and mass-scalable approach for thin MoS2 films via RF sputtering combined with the post-deposition annealing process. We have prepared as-sputtered film using a MoS2 target in the sputtering system. The as-sputtered film was subjected to post-deposition annealing to improve crystalline quality at 700 °C in a sulfur and argon environment. The analysis confirmed the growth of continuous bilayer to few-layer MoS2 film. The mobility value of ~29 cm(2)/Vs and current on/off ratio on the order of ~10(4) were obtained for bilayer MoS2. The mobility increased up to ~173-181 cm(2)/Vs, respectively, for few-layer MoS2. The mobility of our bilayer MoS2 FETs is larger than any previously reported values of single to bilayer MoS2 grown on SiO2/Si substrate with a SiO2 gate oxide. Moreover, our few-layer MoS2 FETs exhibited the highest mobility value ever reported for any MoS2 FETs with a SiO2 gate oxide. It is presumed that the high mobility behavior of our film could be attri...
To assess the satisfaction of parents with the immunization services and its association with the... more To assess the satisfaction of parents with the immunization services and its association with their sociodemographic characteristics.
2014 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy For Sustainable Development, Mar 19, 2014
ABSTRACT In this paper, network reconfiguration of distribution network with solar and wind gener... more ABSTRACT In this paper, network reconfiguration of distribution network with solar and wind generation is solved using non-dominated sorting particle swarm optimization (NSPSO). Three objective functions including system loss minimization, minimization of maximum voltage deviation and minimization of number of switching operations, are considered. The proposed NSPSO based algorithm has been tested on IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system. A comparison of network performance with respect to system loss and maximum voltage deviation for the three cases i.e., without network reconfiguration, with optimal but fixed network reconfiguration and with optimal but dynamic/adaptive network reconfiguration has been shown. The results indicate that better network performance is achieved from dynamic/adaptive network reconfiguration strategy than with other cases. Index Terms—Distributed generation, distribution network reconfiguration, non-dominated particle swarm optimization. I. NOMENCLATURE N bus Total number of buses, V ref Bus voltage reference value, N s Total number of switches S j Switching state of j th switch at the current time interval So j Switching state of j th switch in the previous time interval P i Active power injection at i th bus, Q i Reactive power injection at i th bus, V i Voltage at i th bus, Y ij Admittance between i th bus and j th bus, δ i Power angle at i th bus, N br Total number of connected branches, k id k id x v , the velocity and position of particle i in dimension d of k iteration. k ϖ the inertia weight of k iteration. 2 1 ,c c cognitive and social acceleration coefficients, min max ,ϖ ϖ maximum and minimum value of inertia weight, 2 1 , r r random numbers between 0 to 1 with uniform Subas Ratna Tuladhar (email: [email protected]), Jai Govind Singh (email: [email protected]) and Weerakorn Ongsakul (email: [email protected]) are with the Energy Field of Study in School of Environment, Resources and Development at Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand. distribution, k id pbest local best particle i in dimension d of iteration k, k id gbest global best particle i in dimension d of iteration k, k i Status of i th branch's switch II. INTRODUCTION istribution networks usually have a radial configuration with the provision of recloser and tie switches at different locations. Distribution network reconfiguration (DNRC) is a network-altering function performed by utilities through opening and closing of sectionalizing and tie switches in the distribution network for a number of purposes. With the increased use of SCADA and distribution automation through remote controlled equipment, the reconfiguration of distribution network becomes more viable as a tool for planning and control [1]. The change in network topology affects the power flow of the network, thus affecting the power losses, voltage drops, etc. Thus, by subjecting DNRC to certain optimization objectives, a feasible network configuration that gives the best performance is selected. DNRC is a complex optimization problem which may be subjected to one or many objectives as desired for the optimum performance of the distribution system. The optimization process is further complicated when the variations in the load and the generation from DGs based on renewables such as wind and solar DGs are considered. Significant research work on optimal distribution system reconfiguration has been done in the last four decades, with the trend now shifting from single objective consisting of loss minimization or voltage drop minimization to multiple objective problem formulation [2]. Many studies, both for single and multiple objectives have also been conducted for distribution network with DGs or electric vehicle (EV) charging load. In [3], a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based optimization technique is presented for loss reduction in the system consideration the effect of load variation and the stochastic power generation of renewable DGs. In [4], an adaptive MOPSO in conjunction with graph theory has been used for multi-objective optimization of DNRC for distribution network without DG. This paper proposes a NSPSO based algorithm for dynamic
We have examined the association of 14 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in perox... more We have examined the association of 14 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma transcripts 1 and 2 (PPARG1 and 2) and 5 tagSNPs in adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes for their effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) risk in Asian Indian Sikhs. A total of 554 T2D cases and 527 normoglycemic controls were examined for association with T2D and other subphenotypes of T2D. With the exception of a strong association of PPARG2/Pro12Ala with T2D (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.56; P = .0007), no other tagSNP in the PPARG locus revealed any significant association with T2D in this population. Similarly, none of the tagSNPs in the ADIPOQ gene was associated with T2D susceptibility in single-site analysis. However, haplotype analysis provided strong evidence of association of these loci with T2D. Three-site haplotype analysis in the PPARG locus using the 2 marginally associated SNPs (P/rs11715073 and P/rs3892175) in combination with Pro12 Ala (P/rs1801282) revealed a strong association of 1 "risk" (CGC) (P = .003, permutation P = .015) and 1 "protective" (CAC) (P = .001, permutation P = .005) haplotype associated with T2D. However, the major effect still appears to be driven by Pro12Ala, as the association of these haplotypes did not remain significant when analyzed conditional upon Pro12Ala (P = .262). In addition, 2-site haplotype analysis in the ADIPOQ locus using only 2 marginally associated SNPs (AD/rs182052 and AD/rs7649121) revealed a significant protective association of the GA haplotype with T2D (P = .009, permutation P = .026). Multiple linear regression analysis also revealed significant association of an ADIPOQ variant (AD/rs12495941) with total body weight (P = .010), waist (P = .024), and hip (P = .021), although these associations were not significant after adjusting for multiple testing. Our new findings strongly suggest that the genetic variation in PPARG and ADIPOQ loci could contribute to the risk for the development of T2D in Indian Sikhs. Identification of causal SNPs in these important biological and positional candidate genes would help determine the true physiologic significance of these loci in T2D and obesity.
The paper describes the availability of crank-case manufacturing system in an automobile industry... more The paper describes the availability of crank-case manufacturing system in an automobile industry. The units discussed here fail either directly from normal working state or indirectly through partial failure state. The machines are subjected to both preventive and corrective maintenance. Failure and repair times of the units are independent. The problem is formulated using probability consideration and supplementary variable technique. The system of equations governing the working of system consists of ordinary as well as partial differential equations. Lagrange method and Runge-Kutta method is used to solve partial differential equation and ordinary differential equation respectively. The study reveals that successful program of preventive and routine maintenance will reduce equipment failures, extend the life of the equipment, and increase the system availability to considerable margin.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 80 susceptibility loci for type ... more Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 80 susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but most of its heritability still remains to be elucidated. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of GWAS for T2D in the Japanese population. Combined data from discovery and subsequent validation analyses (23,399 T2D cases and 31,722 controls) identify 7 new loci with genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), rs1116357 near CCDC85A, rs147538848 in FAM60A, rs1575972 near DMRTA1, rs9309245 near ASB3, rs67156297 near ATP8B2, rs7107784 near MIR4686 and rs67839313 near INAFM2. Of these, the association of 4 loci with T2D is replicated in multi-ethnic populations other than Japanese (up to 65,936 T2Ds and 158,030 controls,…
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2015
Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in multiple disease conditions and accumulating evidence suppo... more Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in multiple disease conditions and accumulating evidence supports that the variation in serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, including deficiency, is under strong genetic control. However, the underlying genetic mechanism associated with vitamin 25(OH)D concentrations is poorly understood. We earlier reported a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and obesity in a Punjabi Sikh diabetic cohort as part of the Asian Indian diabetic heart study (AIDHS). Here we have performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of serum 25(OH)D on 3538 individuals from this Punjabi Sikh population. Our discovery GWAS comprised of 1387 subjects followed by validation of 24 putative SNPs (P<10(-4)) using an independent replication sample (n=2151) from the same population by direct genotyping. A novel locus at chromosome 20p11.21 represented by rs2207173 with minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.29, [β=-0.13, p=4.47×10(-9)] between FOXA2 and SSTR4 was identified to be associated with 25(OH)D levels. Another suggestive association signal at rs11586313 (MAF 0.54) [β=0.90; p=1.36×10(-6)] was found within the regulatory region of the IVL gene on chromosome 1q21.3. Additionally, our study replicated 3 of 5 known GWAS genes associated with 25(OH)D concentrations including GC (p=0.007) and CYP2R1 (p=0.019) reported in Europeans and the DAB1 (p=0.003), reported in Hispanics. Identification of novel association signals in biologically plausible regions with 25(OH)D metabolism will provide new molecular insights on genetic drivers of vitamin D status and its implications in health disparities.
The effect of rotation on unsteady free-convective started vertical plate is considered. It is as... more The effect of rotation on unsteady free-convective started vertical plate is considered. It is assumed that the induced magnetic field is negligible compared to the applied magnetic field, which is fixed with the moving plate. Mathematical expressions for velocity and skin-friction are obtained by the Laplace transform technique. The profiles for velocity components are shown graphically with the effects of the rotation parameter, magnetic parameter and Grashof number. The numerical values of skin-friction components are given in tabular form for different values of the parameters
ABSTRACT Black hole attack is a serious threat in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). In this attack... more ABSTRACT Black hole attack is a serious threat in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). In this attack, a malicious node injects a faked Route Reply message to deceive the source node so that the source node establishes a route to the malicious node and sends all the data packets to the malicious node. The black hole attack can degreed the performance of different routing protocols. During this attack, a malicious node captures packets and not forwards them in the network. This paper illustrates how black hole attack can affect the performance of Mobile Ad hoc networks by using NS-2.34 simulator. Abstract -Black hole attack is a serious threat in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). In this attack, a malicious node injects a faked Route Reply message to deceive the source node so that the source node establishes a route to the malicious node and sends all the data packets to the malicious node. The black hole attack can degreed the performance of different routing protocols. During this attack, a malicious node captures packets and not forwards them in the network. This paper illustrates how black hole attack can affect the performance of Mobile Ad hoc networks by using NS-2.34 simulator.
We report a simple and mass-scalable approach for thin MoS2 films via RF sputtering combined with... more We report a simple and mass-scalable approach for thin MoS2 films via RF sputtering combined with the post-deposition annealing process. We have prepared as-sputtered film using a MoS2 target in the sputtering system. The as-sputtered film was subjected to post-deposition annealing to improve crystalline quality at 700 °C in a sulfur and argon environment. The analysis confirmed the growth of continuous bilayer to few-layer MoS2 film. The mobility value of ~29 cm(2)/Vs and current on/off ratio on the order of ~10(4) were obtained for bilayer MoS2. The mobility increased up to ~173-181 cm(2)/Vs, respectively, for few-layer MoS2. The mobility of our bilayer MoS2 FETs is larger than any previously reported values of single to bilayer MoS2 grown on SiO2/Si substrate with a SiO2 gate oxide. Moreover, our few-layer MoS2 FETs exhibited the highest mobility value ever reported for any MoS2 FETs with a SiO2 gate oxide. It is presumed that the high mobility behavior of our film could be attri...
To assess the satisfaction of parents with the immunization services and its association with the... more To assess the satisfaction of parents with the immunization services and its association with their sociodemographic characteristics.
2014 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy For Sustainable Development, Mar 19, 2014
ABSTRACT In this paper, network reconfiguration of distribution network with solar and wind gener... more ABSTRACT In this paper, network reconfiguration of distribution network with solar and wind generation is solved using non-dominated sorting particle swarm optimization (NSPSO). Three objective functions including system loss minimization, minimization of maximum voltage deviation and minimization of number of switching operations, are considered. The proposed NSPSO based algorithm has been tested on IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system. A comparison of network performance with respect to system loss and maximum voltage deviation for the three cases i.e., without network reconfiguration, with optimal but fixed network reconfiguration and with optimal but dynamic/adaptive network reconfiguration has been shown. The results indicate that better network performance is achieved from dynamic/adaptive network reconfiguration strategy than with other cases. Index Terms—Distributed generation, distribution network reconfiguration, non-dominated particle swarm optimization. I. NOMENCLATURE N bus Total number of buses, V ref Bus voltage reference value, N s Total number of switches S j Switching state of j th switch at the current time interval So j Switching state of j th switch in the previous time interval P i Active power injection at i th bus, Q i Reactive power injection at i th bus, V i Voltage at i th bus, Y ij Admittance between i th bus and j th bus, δ i Power angle at i th bus, N br Total number of connected branches, k id k id x v , the velocity and position of particle i in dimension d of k iteration. k ϖ the inertia weight of k iteration. 2 1 ,c c cognitive and social acceleration coefficients, min max ,ϖ ϖ maximum and minimum value of inertia weight, 2 1 , r r random numbers between 0 to 1 with uniform Subas Ratna Tuladhar (email: [email protected]), Jai Govind Singh (email: [email protected]) and Weerakorn Ongsakul (email: [email protected]) are with the Energy Field of Study in School of Environment, Resources and Development at Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand. distribution, k id pbest local best particle i in dimension d of iteration k, k id gbest global best particle i in dimension d of iteration k, k i Status of i th branch's switch II. INTRODUCTION istribution networks usually have a radial configuration with the provision of recloser and tie switches at different locations. Distribution network reconfiguration (DNRC) is a network-altering function performed by utilities through opening and closing of sectionalizing and tie switches in the distribution network for a number of purposes. With the increased use of SCADA and distribution automation through remote controlled equipment, the reconfiguration of distribution network becomes more viable as a tool for planning and control [1]. The change in network topology affects the power flow of the network, thus affecting the power losses, voltage drops, etc. Thus, by subjecting DNRC to certain optimization objectives, a feasible network configuration that gives the best performance is selected. DNRC is a complex optimization problem which may be subjected to one or many objectives as desired for the optimum performance of the distribution system. The optimization process is further complicated when the variations in the load and the generation from DGs based on renewables such as wind and solar DGs are considered. Significant research work on optimal distribution system reconfiguration has been done in the last four decades, with the trend now shifting from single objective consisting of loss minimization or voltage drop minimization to multiple objective problem formulation [2]. Many studies, both for single and multiple objectives have also been conducted for distribution network with DGs or electric vehicle (EV) charging load. In [3], a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based optimization technique is presented for loss reduction in the system consideration the effect of load variation and the stochastic power generation of renewable DGs. In [4], an adaptive MOPSO in conjunction with graph theory has been used for multi-objective optimization of DNRC for distribution network without DG. This paper proposes a NSPSO based algorithm for dynamic
We have examined the association of 14 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in perox... more We have examined the association of 14 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma transcripts 1 and 2 (PPARG1 and 2) and 5 tagSNPs in adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes for their effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) risk in Asian Indian Sikhs. A total of 554 T2D cases and 527 normoglycemic controls were examined for association with T2D and other subphenotypes of T2D. With the exception of a strong association of PPARG2/Pro12Ala with T2D (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.56; P = .0007), no other tagSNP in the PPARG locus revealed any significant association with T2D in this population. Similarly, none of the tagSNPs in the ADIPOQ gene was associated with T2D susceptibility in single-site analysis. However, haplotype analysis provided strong evidence of association of these loci with T2D. Three-site haplotype analysis in the PPARG locus using the 2 marginally associated SNPs (P/rs11715073 and P/rs3892175) in combination with Pro12 Ala (P/rs1801282) revealed a strong association of 1 "risk" (CGC) (P = .003, permutation P = .015) and 1 "protective" (CAC) (P = .001, permutation P = .005) haplotype associated with T2D. However, the major effect still appears to be driven by Pro12Ala, as the association of these haplotypes did not remain significant when analyzed conditional upon Pro12Ala (P = .262). In addition, 2-site haplotype analysis in the ADIPOQ locus using only 2 marginally associated SNPs (AD/rs182052 and AD/rs7649121) revealed a significant protective association of the GA haplotype with T2D (P = .009, permutation P = .026). Multiple linear regression analysis also revealed significant association of an ADIPOQ variant (AD/rs12495941) with total body weight (P = .010), waist (P = .024), and hip (P = .021), although these associations were not significant after adjusting for multiple testing. Our new findings strongly suggest that the genetic variation in PPARG and ADIPOQ loci could contribute to the risk for the development of T2D in Indian Sikhs. Identification of causal SNPs in these important biological and positional candidate genes would help determine the true physiologic significance of these loci in T2D and obesity.
The paper describes the availability of crank-case manufacturing system in an automobile industry... more The paper describes the availability of crank-case manufacturing system in an automobile industry. The units discussed here fail either directly from normal working state or indirectly through partial failure state. The machines are subjected to both preventive and corrective maintenance. Failure and repair times of the units are independent. The problem is formulated using probability consideration and supplementary variable technique. The system of equations governing the working of system consists of ordinary as well as partial differential equations. Lagrange method and Runge-Kutta method is used to solve partial differential equation and ordinary differential equation respectively. The study reveals that successful program of preventive and routine maintenance will reduce equipment failures, extend the life of the equipment, and increase the system availability to considerable margin.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 80 susceptibility loci for type ... more Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 80 susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but most of its heritability still remains to be elucidated. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of GWAS for T2D in the Japanese population. Combined data from discovery and subsequent validation analyses (23,399 T2D cases and 31,722 controls) identify 7 new loci with genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), rs1116357 near CCDC85A, rs147538848 in FAM60A, rs1575972 near DMRTA1, rs9309245 near ASB3, rs67156297 near ATP8B2, rs7107784 near MIR4686 and rs67839313 near INAFM2. Of these, the association of 4 loci with T2D is replicated in multi-ethnic populations other than Japanese (up to 65,936 T2Ds and 158,030 controls,…
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2015
Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in multiple disease conditions and accumulating evidence suppo... more Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in multiple disease conditions and accumulating evidence supports that the variation in serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, including deficiency, is under strong genetic control. However, the underlying genetic mechanism associated with vitamin 25(OH)D concentrations is poorly understood. We earlier reported a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and obesity in a Punjabi Sikh diabetic cohort as part of the Asian Indian diabetic heart study (AIDHS). Here we have performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of serum 25(OH)D on 3538 individuals from this Punjabi Sikh population. Our discovery GWAS comprised of 1387 subjects followed by validation of 24 putative SNPs (P<10(-4)) using an independent replication sample (n=2151) from the same population by direct genotyping. A novel locus at chromosome 20p11.21 represented by rs2207173 with minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.29, [β=-0.13, p=4.47×10(-9)] between FOXA2 and SSTR4 was identified to be associated with 25(OH)D levels. Another suggestive association signal at rs11586313 (MAF 0.54) [β=0.90; p=1.36×10(-6)] was found within the regulatory region of the IVL gene on chromosome 1q21.3. Additionally, our study replicated 3 of 5 known GWAS genes associated with 25(OH)D concentrations including GC (p=0.007) and CYP2R1 (p=0.019) reported in Europeans and the DAB1 (p=0.003), reported in Hispanics. Identification of novel association signals in biologically plausible regions with 25(OH)D metabolism will provide new molecular insights on genetic drivers of vitamin D status and its implications in health disparities.
The effect of rotation on unsteady free-convective started vertical plate is considered. It is as... more The effect of rotation on unsteady free-convective started vertical plate is considered. It is assumed that the induced magnetic field is negligible compared to the applied magnetic field, which is fixed with the moving plate. Mathematical expressions for velocity and skin-friction are obtained by the Laplace transform technique. The profiles for velocity components are shown graphically with the effects of the rotation parameter, magnetic parameter and Grashof number. The numerical values of skin-friction components are given in tabular form for different values of the parameters
ABSTRACT Black hole attack is a serious threat in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). In this attack... more ABSTRACT Black hole attack is a serious threat in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). In this attack, a malicious node injects a faked Route Reply message to deceive the source node so that the source node establishes a route to the malicious node and sends all the data packets to the malicious node. The black hole attack can degreed the performance of different routing protocols. During this attack, a malicious node captures packets and not forwards them in the network. This paper illustrates how black hole attack can affect the performance of Mobile Ad hoc networks by using NS-2.34 simulator. Abstract -Black hole attack is a serious threat in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). In this attack, a malicious node injects a faked Route Reply message to deceive the source node so that the source node establishes a route to the malicious node and sends all the data packets to the malicious node. The black hole attack can degreed the performance of different routing protocols. During this attack, a malicious node captures packets and not forwards them in the network. This paper illustrates how black hole attack can affect the performance of Mobile Ad hoc networks by using NS-2.34 simulator.
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