ObjectivesWomen’s decision-making power is a dimension of empowerment and is crucial for better p... more ObjectivesWomen’s decision-making power is a dimension of empowerment and is crucial for better physical and psychosocial outcomes of mothers. Suchana, a large-scale development programme in Bangladesh, actively provided social interventions on behaviour change communication to empower women belonging to the poorest social segment. This paper aims to assess the impact of the Suchana intervention on various indicators related to women’s decision-making power.Design, setting and participantsThe evaluation design was a cluster randomised pre-post design with two cross-sectional surveys conducted among beneficiary women with at least one child aged <23 months from randomly selected poor or very poor beneficiary households in Sylhet division.Outcome measureDecision-making indicators included food purchases, major household purchases, food preparation, children’s healthcare as well as women’s own healthcare and visiting family and relatives.ResultsOur findings suggest that 45% of women...
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jiv-10.1177_0886260520922353 for Factors Associated with Domestic... more Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jiv-10.1177_0886260520922353 for Factors Associated with Domestic Violence in Rural Bangladesh by Md Ahshanul Haque, Nuzhat Choudhury, S. M. Tanvir Ahmed, Fahmida Dil Farzana, Mohammad Ali, Sheikh Shahed Rahman, A. S. G. Faruque, Mohammad Jyoti Raihan and Tahmeed Ahmed in Journal of Interpersonal Violence
IntroductionOptimal feeding practices are vital for the subsistence, adequate nutrition, physical... more IntroductionOptimal feeding practices are vital for the subsistence, adequate nutrition, physical growth and mental development of infants and young children. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of core infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators and their associations with the type of terrain, that is, geographical area or zone among the beneficiaries of a large-scale nutrition programme, Suchana, being carried out in the northern part of rural Bangladesh.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to February 2017 in Sylhet and Moulvibazar districts of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh. Data pertaining to 5440 children aged below 24 months were analysed for this study. Univariate analysis was carried out to establish the prevalence of the indicators; selected variables were subjected to multiple regression model to identify independent relationships between the IYCF indicators and the type of terrain stratified as plain land, hilly area, flash-flood p...
Iron in groundwater provides a good source of absorbable iron for humans and can contribute to op... more Iron in groundwater provides a good source of absorbable iron for humans and can contribute to optimal iron and haemoglobin (Hb) status among populations. We aimed to examine the relationship between the iron content of groundwater and anaemia status among 12‐ to 23‐month‐old children in a rural area of Bangladesh.
Malnutrition among women is a long-standing public health concern that has significant adverse co... more Malnutrition among women is a long-standing public health concern that has significant adverse consequences on the survival and healthy development of children. Maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) could potentially represent a simpler alternative to traditional nutritional indicators. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with low maternal MUAC (as an indicator of being underweight) and address the research question of whether maternal MUAC is significantly associated with children's nutritional status among poor and very poor households in rural Bangladesh. Data on 5,069 households were extracted from the Suchana programme baseline survey, which was carried out in 80 randomly selected unions (the lowest administrative unit of Bangladesh) in Sylhet and Moulvibazar districts between November 2016 and February 2017. The outcome variables were three child nutritional status indicators: wasting, stunting and underweight. Mothers were classified as underweight if their MUAC was less than 23 cm. Separate multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the factors potentially associated with maternal underweight status and explore whether maternal underweight status is significantly associated with children's nutritional status. The prevalence of maternal underweight status was 46.7%, and the prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight among children under two were 10.5%, 44.4% and 31.9%, respectively. After controlling for various socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, maternal MUAC was significantly associated with children's nutritional status in rural Bangladesh.
Abstract Adequate maternal healthcare practices are crucial to both maternal and infant nutrition... more Abstract Adequate maternal healthcare practices are crucial to both maternal and infant nutrition outcomes. The Sylhet region of Bangladesh is vulnerable and performs poorly, as maternal and child health indicators are falling behind compared to other areas. Suchana, a large‐scale intervention programme aims to improve the health and nutritional status of mothers and children in this region. The objective of the present analysis is to assess the changes in indicators related to maternal healthcare practices among Suchana beneficiaries. We obtained data from the Suchana baseline and endline evaluation survey. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize data. The following maternal healthcare practices were considered: if a Suchana beneficiary mother received antenatal care (ANC) from skilled service providers, took day time resting during pregnancy, consumed additional diet during pregnancy, took at least 100 iron‐folic acid (IFA) tablets during pregnancy and took a vitamin A capsule after delivery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of the Suchana intervention on maternal healthcare practices. The prevalence of the outcome variables at endline in the intervention area were as follows: 40% of mothers received at least four ANC from skilled service providers, 50% practiced daytime resting during pregnancy, 51% consumed additional diet during pregnancy, 41% took at least 100 iron‐folic acid tablets during pregnancy, 39% received postnatal care and 30% took a vitamin A capsule after delivery. The Suchana intervention significantly, positively improved indicators related to maternal healthcare practices; these findings support future larger‐scale programmes to improve maternal healthcare practices among vulnerable people in rural Bangladesh.
The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, ... more The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.
Evidence of the impact of community-based nutrition programs is uncommon for two main reasons: th... more Evidence of the impact of community-based nutrition programs is uncommon for two main reasons: the lack of untreated controls, and implementation does not account for the evaluation design. Suchana is a large-scale program to prevent malnutrition in children in Sylhet division, Bangladesh by improving the livelihoods and nutrition knowledge of poor and very poor households. Suchana is being implemented in 157 unions, the smallest administrative unit of government, in two districts of Sylhet. Suchana will deliver a package of interventions to poor people in about 40 randomly selected new unions annually over 4 years, until all are covered. All beneficiaries will receive the normal government nutrition services. For evaluation purposes the last 40 unions will act as a control for the first 40 intervention unions. The remaining unions will receive the program but will not take part in the evaluation. A baseline survey was conducted in both intervention and control unions; it will be re...
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 2019
Silicates represent an alternative drinking water treatment for colour and turbidity due to iron.... more Silicates represent an alternative drinking water treatment for colour and turbidity due to iron. They may avoid the drawbacks of polyphosphates: increased lead solubility, the potential for increased bacterial growth, and phosphorus in wastewater.
Background: Childhood undernutrition is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. Evaluating c... more Background: Childhood undernutrition is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. Evaluating child nutrition programs is a priority. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate a community-based nutrition education program (implemented from 2011 to 2013) aimed at improving infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and growth in rural Bangladesh. Methods: A cohort-based evaluation was conducted that included 2400 women (1200 from Karimganj, the intervention subdistrict, and 1200 from Katiadi, the control subdistrict) enrolled at 28-31 wk gestation in 3 waves between January and October 2011. Follow-up occurred at 3, 9, 16, and 24 mo of offspring age. The main outcomes were exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), measured at 3 mo, timing of complementary feeding (CF) initiation and minimum acceptable diet (MAD), measured at 9 mo, and child growth [assessed via length-forage z score (LAZ) and weight-for-length z score], measured at all follow-ups. The main exposures were subdistrict of residence and wave of enrollment. For IYCF practices as outcome, logistic regressions were used. Generalized estimating equations were used for child growth as outcome. Results: EBF rates at 3 mo remained unchanged between waves 1 and 3 in Karimganj (55.6% compared with 57.3%), but the proportion of infants receiving timely CF initiation and MAD at 9 mo increased significantly (CF: 27.1-54.7%; MAD: 8.4-35.3%). Mean LAZ at 24 mo remained unchanged between waves 1 and 3 in Karimganj (22.18 compared with 21.98). Conclusions: The program was successful in improving the quality of infant diet at 9 mo and timely CF initiation, but not EBF at 3 mo or LAZ. These findings support the case for implementing simple messages in all programs aimed at improving infant diet, especially in settings in which supplementing overall household diet may not be feasible.
Background:Violence against women is a pervasive social intimidation and a major public health pr... more Background:Violence against women is a pervasive social intimidation and a major public health problem in India. It is associated with adverse physical and psychological health in women. This study examined the determinants of domestic violence among women residing in rural community of Punjab, India. Material and methods: A cross sectional community based household survey was conducted during May 2014 to September 2014. A sample of 213 eligible married women age group 18-39 years who having at least one child were selected using cluster systematic random sampling from three rural community. Information was sought by using socio-demographic profile sheet and factors associated to domestic violence through face-to-face structured pretested self-developed interview schedule after obtaining written consent. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics was applied to generate results. Results: The study findings shows that alcoholic husband, poor education of husband, early marriage, working status of women, and bigger size of the family are more frequently reported factors predisposed domestic violence. Women with alcoholic husband and married in early age were significantly at a great risk of domestic violence than their counterparts. Interpretation & Conclusions: The findings suggested that domestic violence is prevalent in rural community setting and certain specific factors fueling domestic violence. Use of mass media, reforming laws related to domestic violence and marriage could be great initiative from gorvement side to curb this social intimidation.
International Journal of Bio Resource and Stress Management, 2010
The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of GABA on growth, yield attributes and ... more The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of GABA on growth, yield attributes and yield of a popular sesame cultivar BARI Til-2. The experiment comprised of five levels of GABA, viz. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mg l−1, and distilled water as control. Result revealed that leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, TDM, CGR, RGR, number of flower bud, number of capsule, number of seeds capsule−1 and seed yield being the highest in 5 mg l−1 concentration over those in control. Moreover, GABA had no significant influence on capsule length, capsule diameter and 1000-seed weight. Application of GABA at 5 mg l−1 as foliar spray could be the suitable concentration for enhancing growth, yield attributes and yield of sesame.
Mother-to-mother support groups (MtMSG) are groups of women who come together to learn about and ... more Mother-to-mother support groups (MtMSG) are groups of women who come together to learn about and discuss issues around infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and related maternal nutrition (rMN). One member acts as the facilitator and is trained on basic IYCF and rMN technical information and group facilitation techniques. The mother facilitator is responsible for engaging group members in discussions about IYCF and rMN and providing basic health messages in an interactive, participatory manner. Review of the literature provides evidence that women are more likely to try and then continue optimal maternal dietary and infant and young child feeding practices if they recognize the benefits, believe they can overcome perceived and actual barriers and feel supported. Since 2008, CARE has implemented the Window of Opportunity, a maternal, infant and young child nutrition project, in resource-poor, rural communities in five countries. Through this project, CARE has developed a training cur...
In this study, we surveyed 400 faculty and administrators whose names appeared on a current direc... more In this study, we surveyed 400 faculty and administrators whose names appeared on a current directory of the Association for the Advancement of Collegiate Schools of Business-International (AACSB). We also surveyed 400 business faculty members from 14 randomly selected Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). Data were collected via Survey Monkey. We compared means of the responses and determined perceptions differed significantly between part-time and full-time faculty members and among other meaningful variables. Our findings suggest business faculty and administrators who perceive they are encountering disrespectful student behavior should reconsider their views. We make a series of recommendations that highlight the solutions to some of the more common problems of perceptions in relation to students' disrespect.
Faculty from 14 randomly selected Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) were statis... more Faculty from 14 randomly selected Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) were statistically different than faculty surveyed from a directory of the Association for the Advancement of Collegiate Schools of Business-International (AACSB) regarding their perceptions of disrespectful student behavior. Data were collected via a Survey Monkey Instrument. Demographic variables, with variables reduced by factor analysis, using One-Way ANOVA tests, revealed significant differences between and among means, with p < .000 in some comparisons, when the construct was measured on two different scales. Recommendations to improve the class learning environment are offered to educators who perceive they are encountering disrespect from their students.
The effectiveness of photovoltaics (PV) as a load management device is analyzed. Due to the high ... more The effectiveness of photovoltaics (PV) as a load management device is analyzed. Due to the high demand charges associated with the price of electricity during peak hours, it may be cost effective to use PV to reduce the need for utility supplied electricity during those periods. An experiment carried out at the Virginia Tech Solar Experiment Station (VTSES) to study
ObjectivesWomen’s decision-making power is a dimension of empowerment and is crucial for better p... more ObjectivesWomen’s decision-making power is a dimension of empowerment and is crucial for better physical and psychosocial outcomes of mothers. Suchana, a large-scale development programme in Bangladesh, actively provided social interventions on behaviour change communication to empower women belonging to the poorest social segment. This paper aims to assess the impact of the Suchana intervention on various indicators related to women’s decision-making power.Design, setting and participantsThe evaluation design was a cluster randomised pre-post design with two cross-sectional surveys conducted among beneficiary women with at least one child aged <23 months from randomly selected poor or very poor beneficiary households in Sylhet division.Outcome measureDecision-making indicators included food purchases, major household purchases, food preparation, children’s healthcare as well as women’s own healthcare and visiting family and relatives.ResultsOur findings suggest that 45% of women...
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jiv-10.1177_0886260520922353 for Factors Associated with Domestic... more Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jiv-10.1177_0886260520922353 for Factors Associated with Domestic Violence in Rural Bangladesh by Md Ahshanul Haque, Nuzhat Choudhury, S. M. Tanvir Ahmed, Fahmida Dil Farzana, Mohammad Ali, Sheikh Shahed Rahman, A. S. G. Faruque, Mohammad Jyoti Raihan and Tahmeed Ahmed in Journal of Interpersonal Violence
IntroductionOptimal feeding practices are vital for the subsistence, adequate nutrition, physical... more IntroductionOptimal feeding practices are vital for the subsistence, adequate nutrition, physical growth and mental development of infants and young children. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of core infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators and their associations with the type of terrain, that is, geographical area or zone among the beneficiaries of a large-scale nutrition programme, Suchana, being carried out in the northern part of rural Bangladesh.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to February 2017 in Sylhet and Moulvibazar districts of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh. Data pertaining to 5440 children aged below 24 months were analysed for this study. Univariate analysis was carried out to establish the prevalence of the indicators; selected variables were subjected to multiple regression model to identify independent relationships between the IYCF indicators and the type of terrain stratified as plain land, hilly area, flash-flood p...
Iron in groundwater provides a good source of absorbable iron for humans and can contribute to op... more Iron in groundwater provides a good source of absorbable iron for humans and can contribute to optimal iron and haemoglobin (Hb) status among populations. We aimed to examine the relationship between the iron content of groundwater and anaemia status among 12‐ to 23‐month‐old children in a rural area of Bangladesh.
Malnutrition among women is a long-standing public health concern that has significant adverse co... more Malnutrition among women is a long-standing public health concern that has significant adverse consequences on the survival and healthy development of children. Maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) could potentially represent a simpler alternative to traditional nutritional indicators. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with low maternal MUAC (as an indicator of being underweight) and address the research question of whether maternal MUAC is significantly associated with children's nutritional status among poor and very poor households in rural Bangladesh. Data on 5,069 households were extracted from the Suchana programme baseline survey, which was carried out in 80 randomly selected unions (the lowest administrative unit of Bangladesh) in Sylhet and Moulvibazar districts between November 2016 and February 2017. The outcome variables were three child nutritional status indicators: wasting, stunting and underweight. Mothers were classified as underweight if their MUAC was less than 23 cm. Separate multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the factors potentially associated with maternal underweight status and explore whether maternal underweight status is significantly associated with children's nutritional status. The prevalence of maternal underweight status was 46.7%, and the prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight among children under two were 10.5%, 44.4% and 31.9%, respectively. After controlling for various socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, maternal MUAC was significantly associated with children's nutritional status in rural Bangladesh.
Abstract Adequate maternal healthcare practices are crucial to both maternal and infant nutrition... more Abstract Adequate maternal healthcare practices are crucial to both maternal and infant nutrition outcomes. The Sylhet region of Bangladesh is vulnerable and performs poorly, as maternal and child health indicators are falling behind compared to other areas. Suchana, a large‐scale intervention programme aims to improve the health and nutritional status of mothers and children in this region. The objective of the present analysis is to assess the changes in indicators related to maternal healthcare practices among Suchana beneficiaries. We obtained data from the Suchana baseline and endline evaluation survey. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize data. The following maternal healthcare practices were considered: if a Suchana beneficiary mother received antenatal care (ANC) from skilled service providers, took day time resting during pregnancy, consumed additional diet during pregnancy, took at least 100 iron‐folic acid (IFA) tablets during pregnancy and took a vitamin A capsule after delivery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of the Suchana intervention on maternal healthcare practices. The prevalence of the outcome variables at endline in the intervention area were as follows: 40% of mothers received at least four ANC from skilled service providers, 50% practiced daytime resting during pregnancy, 51% consumed additional diet during pregnancy, 41% took at least 100 iron‐folic acid tablets during pregnancy, 39% received postnatal care and 30% took a vitamin A capsule after delivery. The Suchana intervention significantly, positively improved indicators related to maternal healthcare practices; these findings support future larger‐scale programmes to improve maternal healthcare practices among vulnerable people in rural Bangladesh.
The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, ... more The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.
Evidence of the impact of community-based nutrition programs is uncommon for two main reasons: th... more Evidence of the impact of community-based nutrition programs is uncommon for two main reasons: the lack of untreated controls, and implementation does not account for the evaluation design. Suchana is a large-scale program to prevent malnutrition in children in Sylhet division, Bangladesh by improving the livelihoods and nutrition knowledge of poor and very poor households. Suchana is being implemented in 157 unions, the smallest administrative unit of government, in two districts of Sylhet. Suchana will deliver a package of interventions to poor people in about 40 randomly selected new unions annually over 4 years, until all are covered. All beneficiaries will receive the normal government nutrition services. For evaluation purposes the last 40 unions will act as a control for the first 40 intervention unions. The remaining unions will receive the program but will not take part in the evaluation. A baseline survey was conducted in both intervention and control unions; it will be re...
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 2019
Silicates represent an alternative drinking water treatment for colour and turbidity due to iron.... more Silicates represent an alternative drinking water treatment for colour and turbidity due to iron. They may avoid the drawbacks of polyphosphates: increased lead solubility, the potential for increased bacterial growth, and phosphorus in wastewater.
Background: Childhood undernutrition is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. Evaluating c... more Background: Childhood undernutrition is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. Evaluating child nutrition programs is a priority. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate a community-based nutrition education program (implemented from 2011 to 2013) aimed at improving infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and growth in rural Bangladesh. Methods: A cohort-based evaluation was conducted that included 2400 women (1200 from Karimganj, the intervention subdistrict, and 1200 from Katiadi, the control subdistrict) enrolled at 28-31 wk gestation in 3 waves between January and October 2011. Follow-up occurred at 3, 9, 16, and 24 mo of offspring age. The main outcomes were exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), measured at 3 mo, timing of complementary feeding (CF) initiation and minimum acceptable diet (MAD), measured at 9 mo, and child growth [assessed via length-forage z score (LAZ) and weight-for-length z score], measured at all follow-ups. The main exposures were subdistrict of residence and wave of enrollment. For IYCF practices as outcome, logistic regressions were used. Generalized estimating equations were used for child growth as outcome. Results: EBF rates at 3 mo remained unchanged between waves 1 and 3 in Karimganj (55.6% compared with 57.3%), but the proportion of infants receiving timely CF initiation and MAD at 9 mo increased significantly (CF: 27.1-54.7%; MAD: 8.4-35.3%). Mean LAZ at 24 mo remained unchanged between waves 1 and 3 in Karimganj (22.18 compared with 21.98). Conclusions: The program was successful in improving the quality of infant diet at 9 mo and timely CF initiation, but not EBF at 3 mo or LAZ. These findings support the case for implementing simple messages in all programs aimed at improving infant diet, especially in settings in which supplementing overall household diet may not be feasible.
Background:Violence against women is a pervasive social intimidation and a major public health pr... more Background:Violence against women is a pervasive social intimidation and a major public health problem in India. It is associated with adverse physical and psychological health in women. This study examined the determinants of domestic violence among women residing in rural community of Punjab, India. Material and methods: A cross sectional community based household survey was conducted during May 2014 to September 2014. A sample of 213 eligible married women age group 18-39 years who having at least one child were selected using cluster systematic random sampling from three rural community. Information was sought by using socio-demographic profile sheet and factors associated to domestic violence through face-to-face structured pretested self-developed interview schedule after obtaining written consent. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics was applied to generate results. Results: The study findings shows that alcoholic husband, poor education of husband, early marriage, working status of women, and bigger size of the family are more frequently reported factors predisposed domestic violence. Women with alcoholic husband and married in early age were significantly at a great risk of domestic violence than their counterparts. Interpretation & Conclusions: The findings suggested that domestic violence is prevalent in rural community setting and certain specific factors fueling domestic violence. Use of mass media, reforming laws related to domestic violence and marriage could be great initiative from gorvement side to curb this social intimidation.
International Journal of Bio Resource and Stress Management, 2010
The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of GABA on growth, yield attributes and ... more The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of GABA on growth, yield attributes and yield of a popular sesame cultivar BARI Til-2. The experiment comprised of five levels of GABA, viz. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mg l−1, and distilled water as control. Result revealed that leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, TDM, CGR, RGR, number of flower bud, number of capsule, number of seeds capsule−1 and seed yield being the highest in 5 mg l−1 concentration over those in control. Moreover, GABA had no significant influence on capsule length, capsule diameter and 1000-seed weight. Application of GABA at 5 mg l−1 as foliar spray could be the suitable concentration for enhancing growth, yield attributes and yield of sesame.
Mother-to-mother support groups (MtMSG) are groups of women who come together to learn about and ... more Mother-to-mother support groups (MtMSG) are groups of women who come together to learn about and discuss issues around infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and related maternal nutrition (rMN). One member acts as the facilitator and is trained on basic IYCF and rMN technical information and group facilitation techniques. The mother facilitator is responsible for engaging group members in discussions about IYCF and rMN and providing basic health messages in an interactive, participatory manner. Review of the literature provides evidence that women are more likely to try and then continue optimal maternal dietary and infant and young child feeding practices if they recognize the benefits, believe they can overcome perceived and actual barriers and feel supported. Since 2008, CARE has implemented the Window of Opportunity, a maternal, infant and young child nutrition project, in resource-poor, rural communities in five countries. Through this project, CARE has developed a training cur...
In this study, we surveyed 400 faculty and administrators whose names appeared on a current direc... more In this study, we surveyed 400 faculty and administrators whose names appeared on a current directory of the Association for the Advancement of Collegiate Schools of Business-International (AACSB). We also surveyed 400 business faculty members from 14 randomly selected Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). Data were collected via Survey Monkey. We compared means of the responses and determined perceptions differed significantly between part-time and full-time faculty members and among other meaningful variables. Our findings suggest business faculty and administrators who perceive they are encountering disrespectful student behavior should reconsider their views. We make a series of recommendations that highlight the solutions to some of the more common problems of perceptions in relation to students' disrespect.
Faculty from 14 randomly selected Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) were statis... more Faculty from 14 randomly selected Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) were statistically different than faculty surveyed from a directory of the Association for the Advancement of Collegiate Schools of Business-International (AACSB) regarding their perceptions of disrespectful student behavior. Data were collected via a Survey Monkey Instrument. Demographic variables, with variables reduced by factor analysis, using One-Way ANOVA tests, revealed significant differences between and among means, with p < .000 in some comparisons, when the construct was measured on two different scales. Recommendations to improve the class learning environment are offered to educators who perceive they are encountering disrespect from their students.
The effectiveness of photovoltaics (PV) as a load management device is analyzed. Due to the high ... more The effectiveness of photovoltaics (PV) as a load management device is analyzed. Due to the high demand charges associated with the price of electricity during peak hours, it may be cost effective to use PV to reduce the need for utility supplied electricity during those periods. An experiment carried out at the Virginia Tech Solar Experiment Station (VTSES) to study
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