Papers by sanchita mandal
Nano Trends-A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications
To treat pediatric leukemia, this study evaluated a co-encapsulated pegylated phytosome system ba... more To treat pediatric leukemia, this study evaluated a co-encapsulated pegylated phytosome system based on herbal anti-cancer medications. In this study, herbal drug-soy lecithin complex-loaded phytosomes were prepared as drug carriers to overcome the limitations of natural drugs like poor absorption, low oral bioavailability, poor aqueous solubility, and so on. This is a targeted nano-drug delivery that enhances the absorption and bioavailability of the herbal drug used. In this study, herbal drug-soy lecithin complex-loaded phytosomes were further surface-functionalized with PEG as drug carriers to overcome these limitations and achieve reduced toxicity and a superior herbal drugmediated therapeutic effect. PEGylation can help the phytosomes avoid rapid clearance from the systemic circulation by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and increase their passive targeting effectiveness. To do this, a postinsertion approach was used to inject PEG into the lipid moiety of the phytosomes. The generated PEG-functionalized drug-loaded phytosomes feature spherical shapes, steady zeta potential values, very low PDI values, and sustained drug release while improving the therapeutic action of herbal drugs.
IntechOpen eBooks, Jan 24, 2023
Quality is the most important and necessary attribute for pharmaceutical product development, and... more Quality is the most important and necessary attribute for pharmaceutical product development, and it has become the focus of regulatory bodies in order to approve safe, efficacious, stable, patient-compliance, and cost-effective drug delivery systems. QbD-based formulation development is discovered to be an immerging technique in this context. FbD is a formulation development concept that aims to create more effective, safe, robust, cost-effective, and patient-compliant drug delivery systems. This chapter will provide an overview of Formulation by Design (FbD), different terminologies, design of experiment (DoE) and quality by design (QbD), types of experimental design, QbD applications, and FbD methodology along with benefits.
Biopolymer-Based Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications, 2021
Abstract The low aqueous solubility and poor stability of drugs under physiological conditions ar... more Abstract The low aqueous solubility and poor stability of drugs under physiological conditions are significant challenges in successful formulation development. Nano-drug delivery systems show great potential to overcome these existing challenges and to eventually enhance the bioavailability of their cargos. Additionally, these nanomedicines offer site-specific and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents. The success of nanotechnology is evident by the number of outstanding nanomedicines currently on the market or in the different phases of clinical trials. Cellulose and its derivatives have gained increasing attention in designing nanomedicines due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and low-cost production from renewable resources. It has several functional groups that can be easily modified to achieve target specificity, pH sensitivity, and sustained action, making them suitable for biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery. In this book chapter, the source, general physicochemical properties, different structural derivatives of cellulose, and the applications of its nanomaterials in drug delivery are discussed.
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2010
The present work deals with the simple, accurate, precise and economical method for the simultane... more The present work deals with the simple, accurate, precise and economical method for the simultaneous estimation of norfloxacin and metronidazole in tablet dosage form by Vierodt's UV spectrophotometric method. The absorption maxima (λmax) of norfloxacin and metronidazole in 0.1 N HCl were found to be 278.0 and 277.5 nm respectively. Since the λmax values of the chosen drugs were found to be significantly close, 278 nm was undertaken as a measuring wavelength for the present study. The drugs of combination also shows significant absorption in the wavelength 320 nm which was chosen as the second wavelength for the experiment. Both of the drugs followed Beer's law in the concentration range 1-10 and 5-25 µg/mL, respectively. The A1 % values for norfloxacin and metronidazole in the wavelength 278 nm and 320 nm were estimated to be 1273 and 320; 346 and 51, respectively.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications, 2021
The goal of the study was to formulate a cream with a composition for treating fungal skin infect... more The goal of the study was to formulate a cream with a composition for treating fungal skin infections and which enhances skin properties. This formulation belongs to a medicinal cream that has two antifungal active components. It reveals a formula for treating fungal skin infections, as well as other components that can help improve skin issues. For skin infections, the topical approach is the best option. Because of the numerous advantages over traditional routes of drug administration, the development of topical drug delivery systems with systemic effects appears to be advantageous for a variety of medications. Garlic oil and clove oil are the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) used to treat fungal skin infections. It also includes two types of primary and secondary emulsifiers, waxy materials, co-solvents, two preservatives, a buffering agent, a humectants, and water in the cream base. When the active components are combined, they provide a potent antifungal effect. Several experiments were done to assess the physicochemical characteristics of formulated cream, such as visual inspection, pH measurement, extrudability, expandability, skin irritant test, etc. The cream was further analyzed with the use of nutritional agar for antifungal activity. The medicated cream was good in consistency and color; however the smell of the garlic was quite unpleasant, so the odor of the garlic was masked with peppermint oil, which also acting as an additional antifungal agent, in improved version.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019
Oral controlled release formulations have been at the center of pharmaceutical research over seve... more Oral controlled release formulations have been at the center of pharmaceutical research over several decades due to their distinct advantages compared to conventional dosage forms where the entire drug payload is released and absorbed rapidly following administration. Natural polysaccharides are extensively being studied as release modifiers in oral controlled release dosage forms because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, good safety profile, low-cost availability, and production from renewable resources. Furthermore, polysaccharides can be easily modified by physical or chemical processes to suit specific needs. This article critically reviews some of the important natural polysaccharides with emphasis on their structure, major sources, properties, and applications in various oral modified release systems. The underlying drug release mechanisms from different dosage forms are also discussed. Finally, we outline the critical limitations and challenges that need to be addressed for promoting extensive applications of natural polysaccharides in commercial controlled-release formulations.
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2010
The present work deals with the simple, accurate, precise and economical method for the simultane... more The present work deals with the simple, accurate, precise and economical method for the simultaneous estimation of norfloxacin and metronidazole in tablet dosage form by Vierodt's UV spectrophotometric method. The absorption maxima (λmax) of norfloxacin and metronidazole in 0.1 N HCl were found to be 278.0 and 277.5 nm respectively. Since the λmax values of the chosen drugs were found to be significantly close, 278 nm was undertaken as a measuring wavelength for the present study. The drugs of combination also shows significant absorption in the wavelength 320 nm which was chosen as the second wavelength for the experiment. Both of the drugs followed Beer's law in the concentration range 1-10 and 5-25 µg/mL, respectively. The A1 % values for norfloxacin and metronidazole in the wavelength 278 nm and 320 nm were estimated to be 1273 and 320; 346 and 51, respectively.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021
Herbal products have become an item of global importance both medicinally and economically. Altho... more Herbal products have become an item of global importance both medicinally and economically. Although usage of these herbal products has increased, their quality, safety and efficiency are serious concerns in industrialized and developing countries. The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the pure herbal formulation. The herbal soap was formulated by adding the extract of Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Ociumum sanctum, rosa extract in a transparent soap base. The physicochemical parameters of formulations (Physical evaluation, pH, Foaming ability and foam stability, microbioligical study) were determined. The results showed that formulations have pH level nearly equal to skin pH, Foaming index is excellent. Further formulations have studied eye and skin irritation on human models and results showed that there was no skin irritation to humans. Most of the commercial soap and detergents contain chemicals that can be harmful to the skin. Using natural herbal soap and detergents can be a good alternative. They provide relaxation, healing from stress also. In this research, work soap was formulated using four pure herbal ingredients and evaluated for various physicochemical features. Hence, owing to good effect on skin and acceptable parameters, this formulation can be investigated further for curing the infection and nourishing skin.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications, 2021
The goal of the study was to formulate a cream with a composition for treating fungal skin infect... more The goal of the study was to formulate a cream with a composition for treating fungal skin infections and which enhances skin properties. This formulation belongs to a medicinal cream that has two antifungal active components. It reveals a formula for treating fungal skin infections, as well as other components that can help improve skin issues. For skin infections, the topical approach is the best option. Because of the numerous advantages over traditional routes of drug administration, the development of topical drug delivery systems with systemic effects appears to be advantageous for a variety of medications. Garlic oil and clove oil are the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) used to treat fungal skin infections. It also includes two types of primary and secondary emulsifiers, waxy materials, co-solvents, two preservatives, a buffering agent, a humectants, and water in the cream base. When the active components are combined, they provide a potent antifungal effect. Several experiments were done to assess the physicochemical characteristics of formulated cream, such as visual inspection, pH measurement, extrudability, expandability, skin irritant test, etc. The cream was further analyzed with the use of nutritional agar for antifungal activity. The medicated cream was good in consistency and color; however the smell of the garlic was quite unpleasant, so the odor of the garlic was masked with peppermint oil, which also acting as an additional antifungal agent, in improved version.
In this study, an attempt was made to develop oral sustained delivery formulations based on ionot... more In this study, an attempt was made to develop oral sustained delivery formulations based on ionotropic gelation of sodium alginate using calcium chloride as the cross-linking agent. Tramadol hydrochloride was either incorporated into preformed calcium alginate gel beads (Method-1) or simultaneously incorporated during the gelation of sodium alginate by calcium chloride (Method-II). The beads prepared by the method I resulted in higher drug loading when compared to those prepared by the method II. The morphology of the beads was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the physical state of the drug in formulations was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction analysis (X-RD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that the drug was present in an amorphous state in the case of beads prepared by method I. The drug - polymer interactions were evaluated using FTIR and no interaction between the drug and polymer was observed. The in-vitro d...
Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 2010
Interpenetrating network (IPN) beads of sodium carboxymethyl xanthan (SCMX) and sodium alginate (... more Interpenetrating network (IPN) beads of sodium carboxymethyl xanthan (SCMX) and sodium alginate (SAL) were prepared by ionotropic gelation process using AlCl 3 as a cross-linking agent. The effect of different formulation variables like total polymer concentration, gelation time, concentration of cross-linking agent, and drug load on the extent of release of ibuprofen (IBP), a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was examined. The formation of IPN structure was examined using Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) analysis and the compatibility of the drug in the bead was evaluated through FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses. While increase in the concentration of total polymer, gelation time, and drug load decreased the drug release in both acidic (pH-1.2) and phosphate buffer (PB) solution (pH-6.8), increase in the concentration of cross-linking agent tended to increase the drug release. However, from all the formulations, the drug release in acidic medium was considerably slow and a maximum 14% of the loaded drug was released in 2 h. Complete drug release was achieved in PB solution within 210 to 330 min depending upon the formulation variables. The release of the drug followed non-Fickian transport process in acidic medium and case-II transport mechanism in PB solution and these release behaviour correlated well with the kinetics of dynamic swelling of IPN beads. The study indicated that the IPN beads of SCMX and SAL could be a suitable dosage form to minimize the drug release in acidic solution and to control the drug release in PB solution depending upon the need.
Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2010
Diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ) matrix tablets were prepared using polyacrylamide-grafted sodium al... more Diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ) matrix tablets were prepared using polyacrylamide-grafted sodium alginate (PAam-g-SA) co-polymers having different percentages of grafting and their partially hydrolyzed products with a view to achieve sustained release of the highly water-soluble drug. PAam-g-SA co-polymers having different percentages of grafting were synthesized by free radical polymerization using acrylamide (Aam) as monomer and ammonium persulphate (APS) as initiator, and the resulting co-polymers were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis to produce their corresponding partially hydrolyzed co-polymers. Matrix tablets of DTZ were prepared by wet granulation using either PAam-g-SA co-polymers or partially hydrolyzed PAam-g-SA co-polymers. The effect of percentage grafting, drug load and calcium gluconate (CG), used as excipient, was studied in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. While the tablets prepared using the co-polymer having higher percentages of grafting provided faster drug release (100% in 5.5 h), the tablets prepared with the corresponding hydrolyzed co-polymer released the drug slowly (71% in 12 h). This behaviour in release appeared to be controlled by the relative magnitude of the viscosity and the swelling capacity of the copolymers. Moreover, increase in drug load tended to decrease the drug release from all types of tablets and increase in the amount of CG increased the drug release. FT-IR and DSC studies revealed the absence of any interaction between the drug and the co-polymers. The matrix tablet made of partially hydrolyzed graft co-polymer having the highest percentage of grafting provided the most sustained release of the drug.
Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010
The objective of this study was to develop a sustained release dosage form of Trimetazidine dihyd... more The objective of this study was to develop a sustained release dosage form of Trimetazidine dihydrochloride (TMZ) using a natural polymeric carrier prepared in a completely aqueous environment. TMZ was entrapped in calcium alginate beads prepared with sodium alginate by the ionotropic gelation method using calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent. The drug was incorporated either into preformed calcium alginate gel beads (sequential method) or incorporated simultaneously during the gelation stage (simultaneous method). The beads were evaluated for particle size and surface morphology using optical microscopy and SEM, respectively. Beads produced by the sequential method had higher drug entrapment. Drug entrapment in the sequential method was higher with increased CaCl2 and polymer concentration but lower with increased drug concentration. In the simultaneous method, drug entrapment was higher when polymer and drug concentration were increased and also rose to a certain extent with i...
AAPS PharmSciTech, 2009
Alginate matrix tablet of diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ), a water-soluble drug, was prepared using... more Alginate matrix tablet of diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ), a water-soluble drug, was prepared using sodium alginate (SAL) and calcium gluconate (CG) by the conventional wet granulation method for sustained release of the drug. The effect of formulation variables like SAL/CG ratio, drug load, microenvironmental pH modulator, and processing variable like compression force on the extent of drug release was examined. The tablets prepared with 1:2 w/w ratio of SAL/CG produced the most sustained release of the drug extending up to 13.5 h. Above and below this ratio, the drug release was faster. The drug load and the hardness of the tablets produced minimal variation in drug release. The addition of alkaline or acidic microenvironmental modulators did not extend the release; instead, these excipients produced somewhat faster release of diltiazem. This study revealed that proper selection of SAL/CG ratio is important to produce alginate matrix tablet by wet granulation method for sustained release of DTZ.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2010
Interpenetrating network (IPN) matrix tablets of diltiazem-HCl (DTZ) was prepared by wet granulat... more Interpenetrating network (IPN) matrix tablets of diltiazem-HCl (DTZ) was prepared by wet granulation method using polyacrylamide-grafted-sodium alginate (PAam-g-SAL) co-polymer and sodium alginate (SAL) for sustained release of the drug. Formulation of IPN structure was examined using FTIR spectroscopy, and compatibility of the drug with the polymers was evaluated through FTIR, DSC, and XRD analyses. The effect of co-polymer/SAL ratios, drug load, and total polymer/calcium gluconate (CG) ratios on drug release in acidic and phosphate buffer solutions was investigated. The release of drug was controlled by the relative magnitude of swelling capacity of IPN matrix and viscosity of the gel formed following dissolution of the polymers. The swelling capacity of the matrix was governed by the formation of calcium alginate gel structure and the rigidity imparted by the co-polymer. The results indicated that IPN matrix tablets of PAam-g-SAL and SAL could be used for sustained release of DTZ.
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Papers by sanchita mandal