To investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) without other highly unsaturated fatty ac... more To investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) without other highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) on n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism and fatty acid composition in mammals, a stable isotope tracer technique was used in adult rats fed diets with or without 1.3% of algal DHA in a base diet containing 15% of linoleic acid and 3% of alpha-linolenic acid over 8 weeks. The rats were administered orally a mixed oil containing 48 mg/kg body weight of deuterated linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids and euthanized at 4, 8, 24, 96, 168, 240, 360 and 600 h after administration of the isotopes. Fatty acid compositions and the concentrations of deuterated precursors and their respective metabolites were determined in rat liver, plasma, heart and brain as a function of time. DHA, docosapentaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the n-3 EFA family were significantly increased in all organs tested in the DHA-fed group, ranging from 5 to 200% greater in comparison with the control group. The accumulation of the metabolites, deuterated-DHA and deuterated-docosapentaenoic acid n-6 were greatly decreased by 1.5 to 2.5 fold in the dietary DHA group. In summary, feeding preformed DHA led to a marked increase in n-3 HUFA content of rat organs at the expense of n-6 HUFA and also prevented the accumulation of newly synthesized deuterated end products. This is the first study which has isolated the effects of DHA on the de novo metabolism on both the n-6 and n-3 EFA pathways.
Objective: To describe bibliometric study of scholarly literature published inPakistan Heart Jour... more Objective: To describe bibliometric study of scholarly literature published inPakistan Heart Journal covering period from 2005 to 2018 and to explorepublication trends. Methodology: This quantitative study applied bibliometric methods to analyzeoriginal articles, authorship pattern, citations, contributions from differentregions and other relevant parameters of Pakistan Heart Journal covering periodfrom January 2005 to December 2018. The data was collected fromPostgraduate Medical Institute (PGMI) Library Hayatabad Peshawar and officialwebsite of PHJ. Results: The study reveals that number of articles published in issues of thejournal per year ranged from 09 to 57. Cardiology is main subject area covered inthe articles with stable Ischemic heart disease as leading topic (15.46%)followed by Preventive cardiology (14.40%), Interventional cardiology, Heartfailure and Acute Coronary Syndrome. Articles with three authors were more innumbers (23.30%). Journal (95.53%) proved to be the more cited source ofinformation. Variation was found in the number of references cited in each article(40.05%) (153) articles had 11-20 references. Article's length was analyzed andit was revealed that a majority (30.22%) of articles comprised of five pages. Inregards to productivity, more authors belonged to Khyber Pakhtunkhwaregion(40.96%). Number of articles submitted by foreign authors has shown asteady increase reflecting international acceptance and recognition. Conclusion: Pakistan Heart Journal is more than fifty years old journal withgradual increase in number of articles in the last seven years. This is specialtyorientatedjournal about heart diseases, larger number of articles were onischemic heart disease followed by preventive cardiology, interventionalcardiology and heart failure. Key Words: Scientometrics, Bibliometrics, Original articles, Pakistan HeartJournal-Bibliometrics
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Nov 1, 2019
Oil palm provides an important source of edible oils and fats, accounting for > 30% of total glob... more Oil palm provides an important source of edible oils and fats, accounting for > 30% of total global production and > 55% of the international trade in these foodstuffs. The palms produce fresh fruit bunches, comprising several hundreds of small fruitlets, which are compressed and steamed to extract the oil. Soil nutrients in oil palm estates become depleted after decades of heavy harvesting and require fertilisers. Liquid palm oil mill effluent, solid empty fruit bunches and other residues can have deleterious environmental impacts and require careful management. The problems of residue disposal and soil nutrient impoverishment can be linked and managed by composting the oil palm mill residues and distributing the biofertiliser produced back to the plantation. Using case studies from West Malaysia we present an early stage practical tool for the planning of the distribution component of such a cycle. The computer-based tool uses multiple field-based and remote sensing data sources to integrate the effects of local soil conditions, transport distances, environmental protection and management priorities and then models customised distribution plans. The tool operates at plantation level and can be augmented with detailed local data, but the approach is extensible and potentially applicable to regional or national planning.
Kinnow' mandarin (Citrus nobilis L.× Citrus deliciosa T .) is an important marketable fruit of th... more Kinnow' mandarin (Citrus nobilis L.× Citrus deliciosa T .) is an important marketable fruit of the world. It is mainstay of citrus industry in Pakistan, having great export potential. But out of total production of the country only 10% of the produce meets the international quality standard for export. Pre-harvest fruit drop and poor fruit quality could be associated with various issues including the plant nutrition. Most of the farmers do not pay attention to the supply of micro nutrients which are already deficient in the soil. Furthermore, their mobility within plants is also a question. Zinc (Zn) is amongst those micronutrients which affect the quality and postharvest life of the fruit and its deficiency in Pakistani soils is already reported by many researchers. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the influence of pre-harvest applications of zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4; 0, 0.4%, 0.6% or 0.8%) on pre-harvest fruit drop, yield and fruit quality of 'Kinnow' mandarin at harvest. The treatments were applied during the month of October i.e. 4 months prior to harvest. The applied Zn sprays had significant effect on yield and quality of the "Kinnow" fruit. Amongst different foliar applications of ZnSO 4 applied four months before harvest, 0.6% ZnSO 4 significantly reduced pre-harvest fruit drop (10.08%) as compared to untreated control trees (46.45%). Similarly, the maximum number of fruits harvested per tree (627), fruit weight (192.9 g), juice percentage (42.2%), total soluble solids (9.5 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (35.5 mg 100 g-1) and sugar contents (17.4) were also found significantly higher with 0.6% ZnSO 4 treatment as compared to rest of treatments and control. Foliar application of 0.6% ZnSO 4 also significantly improved total antioxidants (TAO) and total phenolic contents (TPC) in fruit. In conclusion, foliar spray of ZnSO 4 (0.6%) four months prior to harvest reduced pre-harvest fruit drop, increase yield with improved quality of 'Kinnow' mandarin fruit.
A research study was conducted to determine the effect of different P levels and seeding rates on... more A research study was conducted to determine the effect of different P levels and seeding rates on the growth, phenology, and yield of wheat. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement and four replications. The main plots consisted of six seeding rates, ranging from 50 to 175 kg/ha, while the sub-plots received six different P levels, ranging from 50 to 200 kg/ha. In consecutive years, the study revealed significant effects of phosphorus levels, seeding rates, and their interaction on various growth characteristics and yield parameters of wheat. These included days to 50% heading and 50% maturity, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and grain yield (GY). Phosphorus (P) level of 140 kg/ha resulted in the highest CGR, NAR, and GY in both years of the study. At a seeding density of 125 kg/ha, similar findings were observed, with the maximum CGR, NAR, and GY recorded. The highest in...
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) obtains more attention due to their wide range of app... more Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) obtains more attention due to their wide range of applications such as underwater oil field discovery, Tsunami monitoring systems, surveillance systems, and many more. In such a resource-constrained environment, sensors are more vulnerable to malicious attacks. Node authentication and secure communication is one of the vital issues in UWSNs. In this study, a secure and lightweight key management framework for UWSNs is proposed. The proposed framework includes key generation, key distribution, revocation, and authentication mechanisms along with lightweight implementation, and scalability. We use an elliptic curve-based algorithm for key distribution, and certificate revocation list (CRL) for key revocation. We also examine the performance of the proposed framework taking into account the amount of communication overhead as well as the level of security. The simulation results show that the proposed framework provides better security with l...
Optimum planting arrangement is an important attribute for efficient utilization of available res... more Optimum planting arrangement is an important attribute for efficient utilization of available resources and to obtain high yield of cotton. Application of plant growth promoter and retardant on cotton in improved planting density are the innovative techniques in the establishment of more productive cotton crop. Therefore, we planned a field study to assess the role of bio-stimulant and growth retardant in the resource utilization efficiency of cotton cultivars planted under variable row spacing at Agronomic Research Area Bahauddin Zakariya University and Usmania Agricultural Farm Shujabad during Kharif 2012. Experimental treatments consisted of cotton genotypes viz. CIM-573 and CIM-598, cultivated under conventional (75 cm), medium (50 cm) and ultra-narrow row spacing (25 cm) with foliar spray of bio-stimulant (moringa leaf extract) and growth retardant (mepiquate chloride), either sole or in combination, keeping distilled water as a control. Exogenously applied MLE alone and MLE + ...
Vegetable oils have their specific physicochemical properties due to which they are playing vital... more Vegetable oils have their specific physicochemical properties due to which they are playing vital role in human nutritional diet for health benefits. Cottonseed oil is obtained from various species of cotton seeds that are famous to be grown mainly for their fiber quality. The most prominently used specie is Gossypium hirsutum. It is obvious that the seeds of different variety of cotton vary as grown in diverse agroclimatic conditions with respect to oil, fats and protein contents. Cottonseed oil is routinely used for cooking and food manufacturing products. Cottonseed oil obtained after proper extraction/processing steps from crude state to refined oil in a variety of ways. Cotton crop is considered for their dual-use purpose, for fiber quality and oil production to promote health benefits in the world. Keeping in view the above facts, this review clearly demonstrated an overview about physicochemical and functional properties of cottonseed oil to promote health benefits associated...
International Journal of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Research, Jul 31, 2011
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a multifactorial molecular anomaly that confounds the standardization... more Chronic myeloid leukemia is a multifactorial molecular anomaly that confounds the standardization of therapy to date. It is triggered by a broad spectrum of "fused oncoproteins" which are entailed in the disease refractoriness. In Pakistan the molecular diagnosis for leukemia is still in its infancy, as the diagnosis does not efficiently encompass a wide range of the fusion transcripts which are generated as a result of exclusive genomic rearrangements. Two point mutations C944T and T932C of ABL gene were detected which cause complete/partial imatinib resistance with limelight NUP98-LEDGF fusion transcript. It will be helpful in understanding primary resistance of molecularly targeted cancer therapies.
The present experiment was designed to monitor growth and yield responses of a cotton genotype af... more The present experiment was designed to monitor growth and yield responses of a cotton genotype after applying salinity and boron stresses either alone or in combination and subsequent estimation of sodium-boron interaction in the cotton genotype. Treatments were set under complete randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. Results revealed that 37.00 number of flowers/plant were found in control which was decreased by 25.24 and 34.24% by salinity-1 (75 mM NaCl) and salinity-2 (150 mM NaCl), respectively compared to control. Number of flowers/plant was improved by 46.92% by the addition of 75 mM NaCl + 12 mM B (Boron) compared with control. Number of leaves/plant of 75.66% was found in control treatment which was decreased by 16.29 and 29.07% by salinity-1 (75 mM NaCl) and salinity-2 (150 mM NaCl), respectively compared with control. Number of leaves/plants was improved by 25.08% by the application of 75 mM NaCl + 12 mM B compared with control. Similarly, plant height, lint weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, root length and shoot length were improved after boron applications. Concentration of Na + (Sodium) ion in soil analyzed for control was 4.1 meq. L-1 that increased to the level of 4.40 and 4.89 meq. L-1 by salinity-1 (75 mM NaCl) and salinity-2 (150 mM NaCl), respectively. Under boron applications, the lowest Na + in soil were recorded 3.91 meq. L-1 for 12 mM B and 4.26 meq. L-1 for 6 mM B respectively. Similarly, the lowest Cl-(Chloride) ion in soil was recorded under boron application, while boron contents in soil was reduced under both salinity stresses.
The words become meaningless to express my deepest sense of gratitude to Almighty Allah, the most... more The words become meaningless to express my deepest sense of gratitude to Almighty Allah, the most merciful, the most beneficent, Who created the universe, knows whatever is there in it, hidden or evident and Who bestowed upon me the intellectual ability and wisdom to search for the secrets. I must bow my head before Allah Almighty Who is compassionate and merciful and Who enabled me to complete this work, which marks an important turning point in my life. Cordial gratitude to the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), who is forever a torch of guidance and knowledge for humanity.
In vitro morphogenesis is greatly influenced by plant growth regulators (PGRs). The effect of dif... more In vitro morphogenesis is greatly influenced by plant growth regulators (PGRs). The effect of different plant growth regulators was assessed on callus induction, in vitro shoot regeneration and hairy root formation in tomato. The maximum callus induction frequency was recorded culturing hypocotyls, while in vitro shoot regeneration frequency was significantly higher when leaf discs were used as explants. The highest callus induction frequency (67.48%) was recorded in cv. Rio Grande followed by Roma (62%) and Moneymaker (58.23%) on MS basal media along with 2.0 mg/l IAA and 2.5 mg/l BAP. Similarly, the highest in vitro shoot regeneration frequency (69.6 and 65.3%) was recorded in Rio Grande and Roma on MS media fortified with 0.1 mg/l IAA, 1.0 mg/l ZEA and 2.0 mg/l BAP, while in case of Moneymaker, the highest in vitro shoot regeneration frequency (67.3%) was obtained on MS media enriched with 0.1 mg/l IAA and 3.0 mg/l BAP. The highest hairy root formation frequency (100, 91.72 and 9...
Knowledge of traits inheritance is a prerequisite for any plant breeding program. Wheat cultivars... more Knowledge of traits inheritance is a prerequisite for any plant breeding program. Wheat cultivars like Pirsabak-85, Khyber-87, Saleem-2000, Pirsabak-04, Pirsabak-05 and Shahkar-13 were crossed in 6 × 6 half diallel fashion during 201011 at the Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak Nowshera, Pakistan. The F1 and F2 half diallel hybrids in comparison with parental genotypes were studied during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. The aim of the present work was to explore the genetic basis of yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici) resistance, flag leaf area, 1000-grain weight and grain yield in F1 and F2 wheat hybrids through Griffing's combining ability approach. Significant (p≤0.01) differences were observed among the genotypes for all the traits. Mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant (p≤0.01) for majority of the traits in both the generations. Genetic components of variances due to GCA...
Salinity and drought are the two major abiotic stresses that affect the quality and quantity of t... more Salinity and drought are the two major abiotic stresses that affect the quality and quantity of tomato. The dehydration response transcription element binding factor (DREB) gene enhances tolerance in plants against salinity. The present study was conducted to transformed DREB1A gene through Agrobacterium in tomato cultivar Roma against salt stresses. A binary vector containing DREB1A gene under the control of inducible promoter Lip 9 along with hygromycin screening marker was used. The few major factors which directly affect transformation efficiency were optimized such as acetosyringone levels, cefotaxime concentrations, pre-selection time period and hygromycin levels. Four different concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) of NaCl were applied on both transgenic and non transgenic plants. The addition of 200 µM acetosyringone in co-cultivation media, 200 mg/L cefotaxime in pre-culturing media and 25 mg/L hygromycin concentration significantly increased transformation efficiency. Maximum transformation efficiency 16.6% was obtained in tomato cultivar Roma. The transgenic plants were confirmed with PCR and the expected band size ~630 bp was amplified. The transgene express in transgenic tomatoes was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The resulted transgenic plants showed enhanced tolerance against high salt concentration (200 mM) while the non transgenic plants showed the symptoms of wilting and eventually die at that concentration. The DREB1A gene was successfully transformed into local tomato cultivar Roma. The resulted transgenic tomato cultivar Roma will be recommended against extreme salt stresses.
Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] is a major weed in semi-arid areas of Punjab, Pakista... more Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] is a major weed in semi-arid areas of Punjab, Pakistan. studies were conducted during 2010-11 and 2011-12 at University Research Farm, Chakwal road, Rawalpindi to study Canada thistle control and density dynamics in wheat grown under contrasting environments and diverse cultural, mechanical and chemical thistle control measures. Experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications. Canada thistle density was monitored at five stages during wheat growing season. The results revealed during wet winter season, Canada thistle was effectively controlled (90-97%) when dry-season tillage was integrated with fertilizer placement in a strip along crop row and with single application of full dose of clopyralid. The drier winter season witnessed significant thistle control (91%) with half dose of clopyralid when integrated with dry-season tillage, fertilizer placement followed by inter-row cultivation and remained a...
Allelopathy provides eco-friendly environment in managing weeds by reducing the use of synthetic ... more Allelopathy provides eco-friendly environment in managing weeds by reducing the use of synthetic herbicides that cause environmental pollution and herbicide resistance problems. Therefore, weeds have been controlling by plant derived organic compounds as an alternative of inorganic herbicides since the last two decades. In this study, sorghum aqueous extracts were applied individually as well as accumulatively with reduced levels of Dual Gold (S-Metolachlor) as foliar sprays in sunflower at 50, 70 and 90 DAS. For comparison, standard level of S-Metolachlor was also applied as foliar sprays along with weedy check. The highest reduction of total weed density (93.7%) was recorded by three sprays of sorghum aqueous extracts at rate of 15 L/ha mixed with 1/3 S-Metolachlor at 1.6 L/ha as foliar applications. This reduction rate was statistically similar to one that was obtained by standard level of S-Metolachlor (1.6 L/ha). The highest achene yield was achieved by applying three foliar sp...
To investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) without other highly unsaturated fatty ac... more To investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) without other highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) on n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism and fatty acid composition in mammals, a stable isotope tracer technique was used in adult rats fed diets with or without 1.3% of algal DHA in a base diet containing 15% of linoleic acid and 3% of alpha-linolenic acid over 8 weeks. The rats were administered orally a mixed oil containing 48 mg/kg body weight of deuterated linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids and euthanized at 4, 8, 24, 96, 168, 240, 360 and 600 h after administration of the isotopes. Fatty acid compositions and the concentrations of deuterated precursors and their respective metabolites were determined in rat liver, plasma, heart and brain as a function of time. DHA, docosapentaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the n-3 EFA family were significantly increased in all organs tested in the DHA-fed group, ranging from 5 to 200% greater in comparison with the control group. The accumulation of the metabolites, deuterated-DHA and deuterated-docosapentaenoic acid n-6 were greatly decreased by 1.5 to 2.5 fold in the dietary DHA group. In summary, feeding preformed DHA led to a marked increase in n-3 HUFA content of rat organs at the expense of n-6 HUFA and also prevented the accumulation of newly synthesized deuterated end products. This is the first study which has isolated the effects of DHA on the de novo metabolism on both the n-6 and n-3 EFA pathways.
Objective: To describe bibliometric study of scholarly literature published inPakistan Heart Jour... more Objective: To describe bibliometric study of scholarly literature published inPakistan Heart Journal covering period from 2005 to 2018 and to explorepublication trends. Methodology: This quantitative study applied bibliometric methods to analyzeoriginal articles, authorship pattern, citations, contributions from differentregions and other relevant parameters of Pakistan Heart Journal covering periodfrom January 2005 to December 2018. The data was collected fromPostgraduate Medical Institute (PGMI) Library Hayatabad Peshawar and officialwebsite of PHJ. Results: The study reveals that number of articles published in issues of thejournal per year ranged from 09 to 57. Cardiology is main subject area covered inthe articles with stable Ischemic heart disease as leading topic (15.46%)followed by Preventive cardiology (14.40%), Interventional cardiology, Heartfailure and Acute Coronary Syndrome. Articles with three authors were more innumbers (23.30%). Journal (95.53%) proved to be the more cited source ofinformation. Variation was found in the number of references cited in each article(40.05%) (153) articles had 11-20 references. Article's length was analyzed andit was revealed that a majority (30.22%) of articles comprised of five pages. Inregards to productivity, more authors belonged to Khyber Pakhtunkhwaregion(40.96%). Number of articles submitted by foreign authors has shown asteady increase reflecting international acceptance and recognition. Conclusion: Pakistan Heart Journal is more than fifty years old journal withgradual increase in number of articles in the last seven years. This is specialtyorientatedjournal about heart diseases, larger number of articles were onischemic heart disease followed by preventive cardiology, interventionalcardiology and heart failure. Key Words: Scientometrics, Bibliometrics, Original articles, Pakistan HeartJournal-Bibliometrics
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Nov 1, 2019
Oil palm provides an important source of edible oils and fats, accounting for > 30% of total glob... more Oil palm provides an important source of edible oils and fats, accounting for > 30% of total global production and > 55% of the international trade in these foodstuffs. The palms produce fresh fruit bunches, comprising several hundreds of small fruitlets, which are compressed and steamed to extract the oil. Soil nutrients in oil palm estates become depleted after decades of heavy harvesting and require fertilisers. Liquid palm oil mill effluent, solid empty fruit bunches and other residues can have deleterious environmental impacts and require careful management. The problems of residue disposal and soil nutrient impoverishment can be linked and managed by composting the oil palm mill residues and distributing the biofertiliser produced back to the plantation. Using case studies from West Malaysia we present an early stage practical tool for the planning of the distribution component of such a cycle. The computer-based tool uses multiple field-based and remote sensing data sources to integrate the effects of local soil conditions, transport distances, environmental protection and management priorities and then models customised distribution plans. The tool operates at plantation level and can be augmented with detailed local data, but the approach is extensible and potentially applicable to regional or national planning.
Kinnow' mandarin (Citrus nobilis L.× Citrus deliciosa T .) is an important marketable fruit of th... more Kinnow' mandarin (Citrus nobilis L.× Citrus deliciosa T .) is an important marketable fruit of the world. It is mainstay of citrus industry in Pakistan, having great export potential. But out of total production of the country only 10% of the produce meets the international quality standard for export. Pre-harvest fruit drop and poor fruit quality could be associated with various issues including the plant nutrition. Most of the farmers do not pay attention to the supply of micro nutrients which are already deficient in the soil. Furthermore, their mobility within plants is also a question. Zinc (Zn) is amongst those micronutrients which affect the quality and postharvest life of the fruit and its deficiency in Pakistani soils is already reported by many researchers. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the influence of pre-harvest applications of zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4; 0, 0.4%, 0.6% or 0.8%) on pre-harvest fruit drop, yield and fruit quality of 'Kinnow' mandarin at harvest. The treatments were applied during the month of October i.e. 4 months prior to harvest. The applied Zn sprays had significant effect on yield and quality of the "Kinnow" fruit. Amongst different foliar applications of ZnSO 4 applied four months before harvest, 0.6% ZnSO 4 significantly reduced pre-harvest fruit drop (10.08%) as compared to untreated control trees (46.45%). Similarly, the maximum number of fruits harvested per tree (627), fruit weight (192.9 g), juice percentage (42.2%), total soluble solids (9.5 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (35.5 mg 100 g-1) and sugar contents (17.4) were also found significantly higher with 0.6% ZnSO 4 treatment as compared to rest of treatments and control. Foliar application of 0.6% ZnSO 4 also significantly improved total antioxidants (TAO) and total phenolic contents (TPC) in fruit. In conclusion, foliar spray of ZnSO 4 (0.6%) four months prior to harvest reduced pre-harvest fruit drop, increase yield with improved quality of 'Kinnow' mandarin fruit.
A research study was conducted to determine the effect of different P levels and seeding rates on... more A research study was conducted to determine the effect of different P levels and seeding rates on the growth, phenology, and yield of wheat. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement and four replications. The main plots consisted of six seeding rates, ranging from 50 to 175 kg/ha, while the sub-plots received six different P levels, ranging from 50 to 200 kg/ha. In consecutive years, the study revealed significant effects of phosphorus levels, seeding rates, and their interaction on various growth characteristics and yield parameters of wheat. These included days to 50% heading and 50% maturity, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and grain yield (GY). Phosphorus (P) level of 140 kg/ha resulted in the highest CGR, NAR, and GY in both years of the study. At a seeding density of 125 kg/ha, similar findings were observed, with the maximum CGR, NAR, and GY recorded. The highest in...
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) obtains more attention due to their wide range of app... more Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) obtains more attention due to their wide range of applications such as underwater oil field discovery, Tsunami monitoring systems, surveillance systems, and many more. In such a resource-constrained environment, sensors are more vulnerable to malicious attacks. Node authentication and secure communication is one of the vital issues in UWSNs. In this study, a secure and lightweight key management framework for UWSNs is proposed. The proposed framework includes key generation, key distribution, revocation, and authentication mechanisms along with lightweight implementation, and scalability. We use an elliptic curve-based algorithm for key distribution, and certificate revocation list (CRL) for key revocation. We also examine the performance of the proposed framework taking into account the amount of communication overhead as well as the level of security. The simulation results show that the proposed framework provides better security with l...
Optimum planting arrangement is an important attribute for efficient utilization of available res... more Optimum planting arrangement is an important attribute for efficient utilization of available resources and to obtain high yield of cotton. Application of plant growth promoter and retardant on cotton in improved planting density are the innovative techniques in the establishment of more productive cotton crop. Therefore, we planned a field study to assess the role of bio-stimulant and growth retardant in the resource utilization efficiency of cotton cultivars planted under variable row spacing at Agronomic Research Area Bahauddin Zakariya University and Usmania Agricultural Farm Shujabad during Kharif 2012. Experimental treatments consisted of cotton genotypes viz. CIM-573 and CIM-598, cultivated under conventional (75 cm), medium (50 cm) and ultra-narrow row spacing (25 cm) with foliar spray of bio-stimulant (moringa leaf extract) and growth retardant (mepiquate chloride), either sole or in combination, keeping distilled water as a control. Exogenously applied MLE alone and MLE + ...
Vegetable oils have their specific physicochemical properties due to which they are playing vital... more Vegetable oils have their specific physicochemical properties due to which they are playing vital role in human nutritional diet for health benefits. Cottonseed oil is obtained from various species of cotton seeds that are famous to be grown mainly for their fiber quality. The most prominently used specie is Gossypium hirsutum. It is obvious that the seeds of different variety of cotton vary as grown in diverse agroclimatic conditions with respect to oil, fats and protein contents. Cottonseed oil is routinely used for cooking and food manufacturing products. Cottonseed oil obtained after proper extraction/processing steps from crude state to refined oil in a variety of ways. Cotton crop is considered for their dual-use purpose, for fiber quality and oil production to promote health benefits in the world. Keeping in view the above facts, this review clearly demonstrated an overview about physicochemical and functional properties of cottonseed oil to promote health benefits associated...
International Journal of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Research, Jul 31, 2011
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a multifactorial molecular anomaly that confounds the standardization... more Chronic myeloid leukemia is a multifactorial molecular anomaly that confounds the standardization of therapy to date. It is triggered by a broad spectrum of "fused oncoproteins" which are entailed in the disease refractoriness. In Pakistan the molecular diagnosis for leukemia is still in its infancy, as the diagnosis does not efficiently encompass a wide range of the fusion transcripts which are generated as a result of exclusive genomic rearrangements. Two point mutations C944T and T932C of ABL gene were detected which cause complete/partial imatinib resistance with limelight NUP98-LEDGF fusion transcript. It will be helpful in understanding primary resistance of molecularly targeted cancer therapies.
The present experiment was designed to monitor growth and yield responses of a cotton genotype af... more The present experiment was designed to monitor growth and yield responses of a cotton genotype after applying salinity and boron stresses either alone or in combination and subsequent estimation of sodium-boron interaction in the cotton genotype. Treatments were set under complete randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. Results revealed that 37.00 number of flowers/plant were found in control which was decreased by 25.24 and 34.24% by salinity-1 (75 mM NaCl) and salinity-2 (150 mM NaCl), respectively compared to control. Number of flowers/plant was improved by 46.92% by the addition of 75 mM NaCl + 12 mM B (Boron) compared with control. Number of leaves/plant of 75.66% was found in control treatment which was decreased by 16.29 and 29.07% by salinity-1 (75 mM NaCl) and salinity-2 (150 mM NaCl), respectively compared with control. Number of leaves/plants was improved by 25.08% by the application of 75 mM NaCl + 12 mM B compared with control. Similarly, plant height, lint weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, root length and shoot length were improved after boron applications. Concentration of Na + (Sodium) ion in soil analyzed for control was 4.1 meq. L-1 that increased to the level of 4.40 and 4.89 meq. L-1 by salinity-1 (75 mM NaCl) and salinity-2 (150 mM NaCl), respectively. Under boron applications, the lowest Na + in soil were recorded 3.91 meq. L-1 for 12 mM B and 4.26 meq. L-1 for 6 mM B respectively. Similarly, the lowest Cl-(Chloride) ion in soil was recorded under boron application, while boron contents in soil was reduced under both salinity stresses.
The words become meaningless to express my deepest sense of gratitude to Almighty Allah, the most... more The words become meaningless to express my deepest sense of gratitude to Almighty Allah, the most merciful, the most beneficent, Who created the universe, knows whatever is there in it, hidden or evident and Who bestowed upon me the intellectual ability and wisdom to search for the secrets. I must bow my head before Allah Almighty Who is compassionate and merciful and Who enabled me to complete this work, which marks an important turning point in my life. Cordial gratitude to the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), who is forever a torch of guidance and knowledge for humanity.
In vitro morphogenesis is greatly influenced by plant growth regulators (PGRs). The effect of dif... more In vitro morphogenesis is greatly influenced by plant growth regulators (PGRs). The effect of different plant growth regulators was assessed on callus induction, in vitro shoot regeneration and hairy root formation in tomato. The maximum callus induction frequency was recorded culturing hypocotyls, while in vitro shoot regeneration frequency was significantly higher when leaf discs were used as explants. The highest callus induction frequency (67.48%) was recorded in cv. Rio Grande followed by Roma (62%) and Moneymaker (58.23%) on MS basal media along with 2.0 mg/l IAA and 2.5 mg/l BAP. Similarly, the highest in vitro shoot regeneration frequency (69.6 and 65.3%) was recorded in Rio Grande and Roma on MS media fortified with 0.1 mg/l IAA, 1.0 mg/l ZEA and 2.0 mg/l BAP, while in case of Moneymaker, the highest in vitro shoot regeneration frequency (67.3%) was obtained on MS media enriched with 0.1 mg/l IAA and 3.0 mg/l BAP. The highest hairy root formation frequency (100, 91.72 and 9...
Knowledge of traits inheritance is a prerequisite for any plant breeding program. Wheat cultivars... more Knowledge of traits inheritance is a prerequisite for any plant breeding program. Wheat cultivars like Pirsabak-85, Khyber-87, Saleem-2000, Pirsabak-04, Pirsabak-05 and Shahkar-13 were crossed in 6 × 6 half diallel fashion during 201011 at the Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak Nowshera, Pakistan. The F1 and F2 half diallel hybrids in comparison with parental genotypes were studied during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. The aim of the present work was to explore the genetic basis of yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici) resistance, flag leaf area, 1000-grain weight and grain yield in F1 and F2 wheat hybrids through Griffing's combining ability approach. Significant (p≤0.01) differences were observed among the genotypes for all the traits. Mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant (p≤0.01) for majority of the traits in both the generations. Genetic components of variances due to GCA...
Salinity and drought are the two major abiotic stresses that affect the quality and quantity of t... more Salinity and drought are the two major abiotic stresses that affect the quality and quantity of tomato. The dehydration response transcription element binding factor (DREB) gene enhances tolerance in plants against salinity. The present study was conducted to transformed DREB1A gene through Agrobacterium in tomato cultivar Roma against salt stresses. A binary vector containing DREB1A gene under the control of inducible promoter Lip 9 along with hygromycin screening marker was used. The few major factors which directly affect transformation efficiency were optimized such as acetosyringone levels, cefotaxime concentrations, pre-selection time period and hygromycin levels. Four different concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) of NaCl were applied on both transgenic and non transgenic plants. The addition of 200 µM acetosyringone in co-cultivation media, 200 mg/L cefotaxime in pre-culturing media and 25 mg/L hygromycin concentration significantly increased transformation efficiency. Maximum transformation efficiency 16.6% was obtained in tomato cultivar Roma. The transgenic plants were confirmed with PCR and the expected band size ~630 bp was amplified. The transgene express in transgenic tomatoes was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The resulted transgenic plants showed enhanced tolerance against high salt concentration (200 mM) while the non transgenic plants showed the symptoms of wilting and eventually die at that concentration. The DREB1A gene was successfully transformed into local tomato cultivar Roma. The resulted transgenic tomato cultivar Roma will be recommended against extreme salt stresses.
Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] is a major weed in semi-arid areas of Punjab, Pakista... more Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] is a major weed in semi-arid areas of Punjab, Pakistan. studies were conducted during 2010-11 and 2011-12 at University Research Farm, Chakwal road, Rawalpindi to study Canada thistle control and density dynamics in wheat grown under contrasting environments and diverse cultural, mechanical and chemical thistle control measures. Experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications. Canada thistle density was monitored at five stages during wheat growing season. The results revealed during wet winter season, Canada thistle was effectively controlled (90-97%) when dry-season tillage was integrated with fertilizer placement in a strip along crop row and with single application of full dose of clopyralid. The drier winter season witnessed significant thistle control (91%) with half dose of clopyralid when integrated with dry-season tillage, fertilizer placement followed by inter-row cultivation and remained a...
Allelopathy provides eco-friendly environment in managing weeds by reducing the use of synthetic ... more Allelopathy provides eco-friendly environment in managing weeds by reducing the use of synthetic herbicides that cause environmental pollution and herbicide resistance problems. Therefore, weeds have been controlling by plant derived organic compounds as an alternative of inorganic herbicides since the last two decades. In this study, sorghum aqueous extracts were applied individually as well as accumulatively with reduced levels of Dual Gold (S-Metolachlor) as foliar sprays in sunflower at 50, 70 and 90 DAS. For comparison, standard level of S-Metolachlor was also applied as foliar sprays along with weedy check. The highest reduction of total weed density (93.7%) was recorded by three sprays of sorghum aqueous extracts at rate of 15 L/ha mixed with 1/3 S-Metolachlor at 1.6 L/ha as foliar applications. This reduction rate was statistically similar to one that was obtained by standard level of S-Metolachlor (1.6 L/ha). The highest achene yield was achieved by applying three foliar sp...
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