Papers by rolando javier vera gonzales
A Bayesian spatial-propensity score matching estimator is proposed to measure regional treatment ... more A Bayesian spatial-propensity score matching estimator is proposed to measure regional treatment effects. The regional effects of microfinance in Bolivia were tested with this estimator, using census and household survey data. The results suggest that microfinance was useful for poverty reduction and women-empowerment at municipality level in Bolivia, with the possible cost of increasing informality.
Financial deepening through micro-financing is considered a panacea for development. Nevertheless... more Financial deepening through micro-financing is considered a panacea for development. Nevertheless, micro-financing could promote informal microenterprises and self-employment ventures, which may “crowd out” the operations of formal and sustainable small-medium enterprises that are widely seen as the optimal foundation for sustainable local economic development. Thus, what is the real socio-economic impact of micro-financing? Is employment or income lost as a result of the entry/expansion of microcredit-induced microenterprises and selfemployment ventures? What are the externalities of micro-financing? Is it really helpful in promoting inclusive growth? To answer these questions, the research will use census information, household surveys and data on regional financing in Bolivia to compare municipalities/households with access to financing (the treated population) with those municipalities/households that lack credit facilities, in order to estimate the impact of financing on growth...
Review of Economic Analysis, 2017
A Bayesian Spatial-Propensity Score Matching estimator is proposed to measure the regional impact... more A Bayesian Spatial-Propensity Score Matching estimator is proposed to measure the regional impact of microfinance on poverty reduction and women's empowerment. The impact of microfinance in Bolivia was tested with this estimator, using census and household survey data. The results suggest that microfinance was useful for poverty reduction and women’s empowerment at municipality level in Bolivia.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016
Banerjee et al. (2015) presented the results of six randomized evaluations that led them to concl... more Banerjee et al. (2015) presented the results of six randomized evaluations that led them to conclude that microcredit does not have a transformative impact on poverty and that little evidence of substantial effects on women's empowerment exist. We argue that even if no effects of micro-finance exist at household/individual level, there still may be observable effects at regional level due to the wider impacts of microfinance. A Bayesian Spatial-Propensity Score Matching estimator is proposed to measure these regional (spatial) treatment effects. The regional effects of microfinance in Bolivia were tested with this estimator, using census and household survey data. The results showed that microfinance was useful for poverty reduction and women-empowerment at municipality level in Bolivia, thus suggesting that microfinance can be used to promote socioeconomic development at regional level.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016
A field experiment was performed in a controlled laboratory setting to evaluate whether credit of... more A field experiment was performed in a controlled laboratory setting to evaluate whether credit officers reject micro-loan applications based on the ethnicity/gender of potential borrowers. Point estimates of a mixed-effects logistic regression suggest that, compared to non-indigenous men, non-indigenous women have two times more chance of loan approval, and indigenous women have 1.5 more chance of loan approval. The interval results regarding ethnic discrimination are inconclusive, however some evidence of taste-based discrimination in credit lending that was favorable for non-indigenous women was found.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1994
Objectives. In this study, we propose a new algorithm for accessory atrioventricular pathway loca... more Objectives. In this study, we propose a new algorithm for accessory atrioventricular pathway localization using a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Background. Radiofreqvency catheter ablation produces a very discrete lesion, and ECG localization based on surgical dissection is obsolete. Methods. Stepwise disaiminant analysis was used to assess the relation of 18 pre-excited ECG (QRS duration > 100 ass) variables to the site of successful ablation in 93 patients. The most discriminating variables were combined to form rules for each location. The ECGs were retested by these rules to determine predictive accuracy. Results. If the precordial QRS transition was at or before lead V,, the pathway had been ablated on the left side. If it was after lead V2 , the pathway had been ablated on the right side. If the QRS transition was between leads V, and V g or at lead V,., then if the R wave amplitude in lead I was greater than the S wave by 71 .0 mV, it was right-sided ; otherwise, it was left-sided (p < 0 .0001, sensitivity 100%, specificity 97%). Right-sided WAKU. If the QRS transition was between leads V2 and V3 , the pathway was right septal ; if after lead V 4, it was right lateral. If it was between leads V3 and V4, then if the delta wave amplitude in lead II was 71 .0 mV, it was right septa) ; otherwise, it was right lateral (p < 0 .0001, sensitivity 97%. specificity 95%). In right lateral locations, if the delta wave frontal axis was a-0% or if it was <0 0 Radiofrequency techniques for catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular (AV) connections demand precise pathway location because of small lesion size (1-3). Data from previous studies in which surgical ablation was correlated with surface electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics therefore require revision. This is particularly true for septal From the
The American Journal of Cardiology, 1983
Twenty patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and 1 or more episodes of symptomat... more Twenty patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and 1 or more episodes of symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) due to rapid anterograde bypass tract conduction underwent electrophysiologic testing. The mean ventricular rate during spontaneous AF was 242 f 56 beats/min (f standard deviation) and the shortest preexcited R-R interval was 194 f 40 ms. Six patients underwent surgical bypass tract ablation and 14 were treated medically, based on the results of electropharmacologic testing. Over a mean follow-up period of 35 f 19 months (f standard deviation), only 1 patient treated medically had a recurrence of minimally symptomatic AF. The successful chemoprophylaxis of symptomatic AF was associated with the inability to induce AF and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia during drug testing (7 patients) or with the induction of AF with a ventricular rate <200 beats/min and a shortest preexcited R-R interval of >250 ms (7 patients). Electrophysiologic testing can identify a subgroup of patients with WPW and AF in whom medical therapy is a suitable alternative to bypass tract ablation. Patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) who have an episode of atria1 fibrillation (AF) may have an extremely rapid ventricular rate due to rapid conduction through an atrioventricular bypass tract. In addition to causing symptoms due to hemodynamic compromise, such as syncope or weakness, the rapid ventricular rate that occurs during AF may also result in ventricular fibrillation.'p2 One option available for the treatment of patients with WPW who have had an episode of AF associated with an extremely rapid ventricular rate is surgical ablation of the bypass tract." This therapeutic option exposes the patient to the potential risks of open-heart surgery. Few data are available regarding the long-term results of medical therapy in patients with WPW and AF. We therefore examined the role of electrophysiologic testing in selecting patients with WPW and AF who may be appropriate candidates for medical therapy and in designing a drug regimen effective in preventing life-threatening episodes of AF.
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Papers by rolando javier vera gonzales