In this paper, we address a problem in which a storage space constrained buyer procures a single ... more In this paper, we address a problem in which a storage space constrained buyer procures a single product in multiple periods from multiple suppliers. The production capacity constrained suppliers offer all-unit quantity discounts. The late deliveries and rejections are also incorporated in sourcing. In addition, we consider transportation cost explicitly in decision making which may vary because of freight quantity and distance of shipment between the buyer and a supplier. We propose a multi-objective integer linear programming model for joint decision making of inventory lot-sizing, supplier selection and carrier selection problem. In the multi-objective formulation, net rejected items, net costs and net late delivered items are considered as three objectives that have to be minimized simultaneously over the decision horizon. The intent of the model is to determine the timings, lot-size to be procured, and supplier and carrier to be chosen in each replenishment period. We solve the multi-objective optimization problem using three variants of goal programming (GP) approaches: preemptive GP, non-preemptive GP and weighted max-min fuzzy GP. The solution of these models is compared at different service-level requirements using value path approach.
Abstract Given that mobile banking (m-banking) is considered an effective vehicle for improving t... more Abstract Given that mobile banking (m-banking) is considered an effective vehicle for improving the financial inclusion and for cost-effective delivery of financial services, there is a need to align the 'Know Your Customer (KYC)'process of the telecom sector with that of banking. This article explores the KYC processes of both the sectors and brings out the 'issues and challenges' associated with subscriber acquisition and customer document management of telecom companies (telcos). As the telcos do not have any exposure risk ...
The most crucial problem often encountered in the area pertaining to the network design is to obt... more The most crucial problem often encountered in the area pertaining to the network design is to obtain an economic tradeoff between cost and reliability. On the basis of information exchange, three types of networks, as shown in , exist-(1) Centralized (star) networks; (2) Decentralized (tree) networks; and, (3) Distributed (mesh) networks. In the Centralized networks, a central hub connects all the nodes with each other and all the information (data) is first sent to centre that routes them to their destination. Since, any two nodes are connected by a single route only, this type of network can be regarded as a parsimonious structure; on the contrary, this structure is marked by its susceptibility due to its sole dependence on the central node. The demerit concerned to the single central hub is partially ameliorated in a decentralized network, which is characterized by the existence of the several hubs. Although, the destruction of a single central hub does not abscise the communication of the whole network, yet it affects all the nodes linked to the damaged dysfunctional hub. Again, this problem can be taken care in the design of distributed networks which does not have any centralized hubs. In this type of structure, each node is connected to many of the neighboring nodes based on various topologies. The choice among various possible routes to transmit data enables the distributed networks to be robust and more preferable than the other types.
In this paper we present a framework for improving model-driven system design productivity with R... more In this paper we present a framework for improving model-driven system design productivity with Requirements-Driven Design Automation (RDDA). The key to the proposed approach is to close the semantic gap between requirements, components and architecture by using compatible semantic models for describing product requirements and component capabilities, including constraints. An ontology-based representation language is designed that spans requirements for the application domain, the software design domain (UML metaschema) and the component domain. Design automation is supported for architecture development by machine-based mapping of desired product/subsystem features and capabilities to library components and by synthesis and maintenance of UML design structure diagrams. The RDDA framework uses standards-based semantic web technologies and can be integrated with exiting modeling tools.
Component selection and design automation have the potential to play a major role in reducing the... more Component selection and design automation have the potential to play a major role in reducing the system development time and cost caused by the rapid change in technology advances and the large solution search space. In our research we start from a structured representation of requirements and components using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML), and based on specific set of rules written in Prolog, we partially automate the process of architecture design. This methodology is part of the Requirements-Driven Design Automation (RDDA) framework that we develop for component-based system development.
Requirements specification is a major component of the system development cycle. Mistakes and omi... more Requirements specification is a major component of the system development cycle. Mistakes and omissions in requirements documents lead to ambiguous or wrong interpretation by engineers and, in turn, cause errors that trickle down in design and implementation with consequences on the overall development cost. In this paper we describe a methodology for requirements specification that aims to alleviate the above issues and that produces models for functional requirements that can be automatically validated for completeness and consistency. This methodology is part of the Requirements Driven Design Automation framework (RDDA) that we develop for component-based system development. The RDDA framework uses an ontology-based language for semantic description of functional product requirements, UM-L/SysML structure diagrams, component constraints, and Quality of Service. The front end method for requirements specification is the SysML editor in Rhapsody. A requirements model in OWL is converted from SysML XMI representation. The specification is validated for completeness and consistency with a ruled-based system implemented in Prolog. With our methodology, omissions and several types of consistency errors present in the requirements specification are detected early on, before the design stage.
ABSTRACT Increasing software productivity and shortening the software development cycle have beco... more ABSTRACT Increasing software productivity and shortening the software development cycle have become critical to the success of an organization. Some commonly used strategies to shorten the software development cycle while simultaneously increasing programmer productivity and product quality include improving software processes, deploying new technologies, and reusing software artifacts. This paper presents a ongoing work that focuses on strategic design reuse by leveraging commonality and managing variability in design artifacts. It utilizes the methodologies of Model Driven Engineering (MDE) and Software Product Lines (SPL). This work is part of a larger effort focused on migrating towards model-driven engineering approach for effective enterprise software development.
2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), a natural metabolite of estradiol has antiproliferative and antiangioge... more 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), a natural metabolite of estradiol has antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity. However, its clinical success is limited due to poor water solubility and poor pharmacokinetic parameters suggesting the need for a delivery vehicle. In this study we evaluated cathepsin B degradable star shaped peptidic macromolecules (SPMs) that can potentially be used to create higher generation and high molecular weight peptidic polymer as delivery vehicle of 2ME. Two peptidic macromolecules having positively charged amine (ASPM) or negatively charged carboxyl surface groups (CSPM) were synthesized and evaluated for their degradation in the presence of cathepsin B and stability in the presence of neutral or acidic buffer and serum. Both ASPM and CSPM degraded rapidly in the presence of cathepsin B. Both were stable in neutral and acidic buffer whereas only CSPM exhibited substantial stability in the presence of serum. Both macromolecules were nontoxic towards breast cancer cells whereas 2ME-containing macromolecules exhibited antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range. Overall, results from current study indicate that tetrapeptide GFLG can be used to create star-shaped macromolecules that are degraded in the presence of cathepsin B and have the potential to be developed as delivery vehicle of 2ME.
Introduction: Asymptomatic persons infected with the parasites causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL... more Introduction: Asymptomatic persons infected with the parasites causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL) usually outnumber clinically apparent cases by a ratio of 4-10 to 1. We assessed the risk of progression from infection to disease as a function of DAT and rK39 serological titers.
This article attempts to introduce indirect carbon emission and trade-credit concept in a network... more This article attempts to introduce indirect carbon emission and trade-credit concept in a network optimisation model for sustainable supply chain. The proposed model optimises total cost, total direct carbon emission, total indirect emission in the form of embodied carbon footprint of the raw material and total trade-credit amount over the purchased item in a supply chain. The model calculates the total cost by considering purchasing cost, logistics cost, handling cost and manufacturing cost. It attempts to measure the direct emission involved in manufacturing and logistics operations. The model has the capability to consider dissimilar trucks used for transportation according to their operating cost and carbon emission. Multi-objective goal programming is applied to deal with four objectives to find a tradeoff among these objectives. The result suggests that managers should capture the direct as well as the indirect emission which helps in arriving at appropriate strategy for a sustainable supply chain. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated through a case of a garment supply chain. This model also supports in deciding appropriate goal for carbon emission, supply chain costs, etc.
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to intelligence artificially realized through computation. AI... more Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to intelligence artificially realized through computation. AI has emerged as one of the promising computer science discipline originated in mid-1950. Over the past few decades, AI based random search algorithms, namely, genetic algorithm, ant colony optimization, and so forth have found their applicability in solving various real-world problems of complex nature. This chapter is mainly concerned with the application of some AI based random search algorithms, namely, genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization (ACO), simulated annealing (SA), artificial immune system (AIS), and tabu search (TS), to solve the machine loading problem in flexible manufacturing system. Performance evaluation of the aforementioned search algorithms have been tested over standard benchmark dataset. In addition, the results obtained from them are compared with the results of some of the best heuristic procedures in the literature. The objectives of the present chapter is to make the readers fully aware about the intricate solutions existing in the machine loading problem of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) to exemplify the generic procedure of various AI based random search algorithms. Also, the present chapter describes the step-wise implementation of search algorithms over machine loading problem.
Abstract Real Time embedded system designers are facing challenges in the selection and optimizat... more Abstract Real Time embedded system designers are facing challenges in the selection and optimization of the system architecture. A typical system comprises of programmable, concurrent, heterogeneous multiprocessors; these are called multiprocessor system-on-...
Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger, has emerged as a key controlle... more Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger, has emerged as a key controller of several biological processes. Numbers of reports that deal with the mechanistic aspects of this second messenger have appeared in the literature. However, the lack of a reporter tag attached to the c-di-GMP at times limits the understanding of further details. In this study, we have chemically coupled Nmethylisatoic anhydride (MANT) with c-di-GMP, giving rise to Mant-(c-di-GMP) or MANT-CDG. We have characterized the chemical and physical properties and spectral behavior of MANT-CDG. The fluorescence of MANT-CDG is sensitive to changes in the microenvironment, which helped us study its interaction with three different c-di-GMP binding proteins (a diguanylate cyclase, a phosphodiesterase, and a PilZ domain-containing protein). In addition, we have shown here that MANT-CDG can inhibit diguanylate cyclase activity; however, it is hydrolyzed by c-di-GMP specific phosphodiesterase. Taken together, our data suggest that MANT-CDG behaves like native c-di-GMP, and this study raises the possibility that MANT-CDG will be a valuable research tool for the in vitro characterization of c-di-GMP signaling factors.
... 133 Biographical notes: Manoj Kumar is Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering Departme... more ... 133 Biographical notes: Manoj Kumar is Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department at ... technology, e-business, knowledge management, operations research, fuzzy modelling, business ... MIP_SQA] problem can be solved with conventional optimisation tools such ...
In this paper, we address a problem in which a storage space constrained buyer procures a single ... more In this paper, we address a problem in which a storage space constrained buyer procures a single product in multiple periods from multiple suppliers. The production capacity constrained suppliers offer all-unit quantity discounts. The late deliveries and rejections are also incorporated in sourcing. In addition, we consider transportation cost explicitly in decision making which may vary because of freight quantity and distance of shipment between the buyer and a supplier. We propose a multi-objective integer linear programming model for joint decision making of inventory lot-sizing, supplier selection and carrier selection problem. In the multi-objective formulation, net rejected items, net costs and net late delivered items are considered as three objectives that have to be minimized simultaneously over the decision horizon. The intent of the model is to determine the timings, lot-size to be procured, and supplier and carrier to be chosen in each replenishment period. We solve the multi-objective optimization problem using three variants of goal programming (GP) approaches: preemptive GP, non-preemptive GP and weighted max-min fuzzy GP. The solution of these models is compared at different service-level requirements using value path approach.
Abstract Given that mobile banking (m-banking) is considered an effective vehicle for improving t... more Abstract Given that mobile banking (m-banking) is considered an effective vehicle for improving the financial inclusion and for cost-effective delivery of financial services, there is a need to align the 'Know Your Customer (KYC)'process of the telecom sector with that of banking. This article explores the KYC processes of both the sectors and brings out the 'issues and challenges' associated with subscriber acquisition and customer document management of telecom companies (telcos). As the telcos do not have any exposure risk ...
The most crucial problem often encountered in the area pertaining to the network design is to obt... more The most crucial problem often encountered in the area pertaining to the network design is to obtain an economic tradeoff between cost and reliability. On the basis of information exchange, three types of networks, as shown in , exist-(1) Centralized (star) networks; (2) Decentralized (tree) networks; and, (3) Distributed (mesh) networks. In the Centralized networks, a central hub connects all the nodes with each other and all the information (data) is first sent to centre that routes them to their destination. Since, any two nodes are connected by a single route only, this type of network can be regarded as a parsimonious structure; on the contrary, this structure is marked by its susceptibility due to its sole dependence on the central node. The demerit concerned to the single central hub is partially ameliorated in a decentralized network, which is characterized by the existence of the several hubs. Although, the destruction of a single central hub does not abscise the communication of the whole network, yet it affects all the nodes linked to the damaged dysfunctional hub. Again, this problem can be taken care in the design of distributed networks which does not have any centralized hubs. In this type of structure, each node is connected to many of the neighboring nodes based on various topologies. The choice among various possible routes to transmit data enables the distributed networks to be robust and more preferable than the other types.
In this paper we present a framework for improving model-driven system design productivity with R... more In this paper we present a framework for improving model-driven system design productivity with Requirements-Driven Design Automation (RDDA). The key to the proposed approach is to close the semantic gap between requirements, components and architecture by using compatible semantic models for describing product requirements and component capabilities, including constraints. An ontology-based representation language is designed that spans requirements for the application domain, the software design domain (UML metaschema) and the component domain. Design automation is supported for architecture development by machine-based mapping of desired product/subsystem features and capabilities to library components and by synthesis and maintenance of UML design structure diagrams. The RDDA framework uses standards-based semantic web technologies and can be integrated with exiting modeling tools.
Component selection and design automation have the potential to play a major role in reducing the... more Component selection and design automation have the potential to play a major role in reducing the system development time and cost caused by the rapid change in technology advances and the large solution search space. In our research we start from a structured representation of requirements and components using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML), and based on specific set of rules written in Prolog, we partially automate the process of architecture design. This methodology is part of the Requirements-Driven Design Automation (RDDA) framework that we develop for component-based system development.
Requirements specification is a major component of the system development cycle. Mistakes and omi... more Requirements specification is a major component of the system development cycle. Mistakes and omissions in requirements documents lead to ambiguous or wrong interpretation by engineers and, in turn, cause errors that trickle down in design and implementation with consequences on the overall development cost. In this paper we describe a methodology for requirements specification that aims to alleviate the above issues and that produces models for functional requirements that can be automatically validated for completeness and consistency. This methodology is part of the Requirements Driven Design Automation framework (RDDA) that we develop for component-based system development. The RDDA framework uses an ontology-based language for semantic description of functional product requirements, UM-L/SysML structure diagrams, component constraints, and Quality of Service. The front end method for requirements specification is the SysML editor in Rhapsody. A requirements model in OWL is converted from SysML XMI representation. The specification is validated for completeness and consistency with a ruled-based system implemented in Prolog. With our methodology, omissions and several types of consistency errors present in the requirements specification are detected early on, before the design stage.
ABSTRACT Increasing software productivity and shortening the software development cycle have beco... more ABSTRACT Increasing software productivity and shortening the software development cycle have become critical to the success of an organization. Some commonly used strategies to shorten the software development cycle while simultaneously increasing programmer productivity and product quality include improving software processes, deploying new technologies, and reusing software artifacts. This paper presents a ongoing work that focuses on strategic design reuse by leveraging commonality and managing variability in design artifacts. It utilizes the methodologies of Model Driven Engineering (MDE) and Software Product Lines (SPL). This work is part of a larger effort focused on migrating towards model-driven engineering approach for effective enterprise software development.
2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), a natural metabolite of estradiol has antiproliferative and antiangioge... more 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), a natural metabolite of estradiol has antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity. However, its clinical success is limited due to poor water solubility and poor pharmacokinetic parameters suggesting the need for a delivery vehicle. In this study we evaluated cathepsin B degradable star shaped peptidic macromolecules (SPMs) that can potentially be used to create higher generation and high molecular weight peptidic polymer as delivery vehicle of 2ME. Two peptidic macromolecules having positively charged amine (ASPM) or negatively charged carboxyl surface groups (CSPM) were synthesized and evaluated for their degradation in the presence of cathepsin B and stability in the presence of neutral or acidic buffer and serum. Both ASPM and CSPM degraded rapidly in the presence of cathepsin B. Both were stable in neutral and acidic buffer whereas only CSPM exhibited substantial stability in the presence of serum. Both macromolecules were nontoxic towards breast cancer cells whereas 2ME-containing macromolecules exhibited antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range. Overall, results from current study indicate that tetrapeptide GFLG can be used to create star-shaped macromolecules that are degraded in the presence of cathepsin B and have the potential to be developed as delivery vehicle of 2ME.
Introduction: Asymptomatic persons infected with the parasites causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL... more Introduction: Asymptomatic persons infected with the parasites causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL) usually outnumber clinically apparent cases by a ratio of 4-10 to 1. We assessed the risk of progression from infection to disease as a function of DAT and rK39 serological titers.
This article attempts to introduce indirect carbon emission and trade-credit concept in a network... more This article attempts to introduce indirect carbon emission and trade-credit concept in a network optimisation model for sustainable supply chain. The proposed model optimises total cost, total direct carbon emission, total indirect emission in the form of embodied carbon footprint of the raw material and total trade-credit amount over the purchased item in a supply chain. The model calculates the total cost by considering purchasing cost, logistics cost, handling cost and manufacturing cost. It attempts to measure the direct emission involved in manufacturing and logistics operations. The model has the capability to consider dissimilar trucks used for transportation according to their operating cost and carbon emission. Multi-objective goal programming is applied to deal with four objectives to find a tradeoff among these objectives. The result suggests that managers should capture the direct as well as the indirect emission which helps in arriving at appropriate strategy for a sustainable supply chain. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated through a case of a garment supply chain. This model also supports in deciding appropriate goal for carbon emission, supply chain costs, etc.
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to intelligence artificially realized through computation. AI... more Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to intelligence artificially realized through computation. AI has emerged as one of the promising computer science discipline originated in mid-1950. Over the past few decades, AI based random search algorithms, namely, genetic algorithm, ant colony optimization, and so forth have found their applicability in solving various real-world problems of complex nature. This chapter is mainly concerned with the application of some AI based random search algorithms, namely, genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization (ACO), simulated annealing (SA), artificial immune system (AIS), and tabu search (TS), to solve the machine loading problem in flexible manufacturing system. Performance evaluation of the aforementioned search algorithms have been tested over standard benchmark dataset. In addition, the results obtained from them are compared with the results of some of the best heuristic procedures in the literature. The objectives of the present chapter is to make the readers fully aware about the intricate solutions existing in the machine loading problem of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) to exemplify the generic procedure of various AI based random search algorithms. Also, the present chapter describes the step-wise implementation of search algorithms over machine loading problem.
Abstract Real Time embedded system designers are facing challenges in the selection and optimizat... more Abstract Real Time embedded system designers are facing challenges in the selection and optimization of the system architecture. A typical system comprises of programmable, concurrent, heterogeneous multiprocessors; these are called multiprocessor system-on-...
Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger, has emerged as a key controlle... more Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger, has emerged as a key controller of several biological processes. Numbers of reports that deal with the mechanistic aspects of this second messenger have appeared in the literature. However, the lack of a reporter tag attached to the c-di-GMP at times limits the understanding of further details. In this study, we have chemically coupled Nmethylisatoic anhydride (MANT) with c-di-GMP, giving rise to Mant-(c-di-GMP) or MANT-CDG. We have characterized the chemical and physical properties and spectral behavior of MANT-CDG. The fluorescence of MANT-CDG is sensitive to changes in the microenvironment, which helped us study its interaction with three different c-di-GMP binding proteins (a diguanylate cyclase, a phosphodiesterase, and a PilZ domain-containing protein). In addition, we have shown here that MANT-CDG can inhibit diguanylate cyclase activity; however, it is hydrolyzed by c-di-GMP specific phosphodiesterase. Taken together, our data suggest that MANT-CDG behaves like native c-di-GMP, and this study raises the possibility that MANT-CDG will be a valuable research tool for the in vitro characterization of c-di-GMP signaling factors.
... 133 Biographical notes: Manoj Kumar is Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering Departme... more ... 133 Biographical notes: Manoj Kumar is Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department at ... technology, e-business, knowledge management, operations research, fuzzy modelling, business ... MIP_SQA] problem can be solved with conventional optimisation tools such ...
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