Papers by patrice callard
HIV Medicine, 2021
ObjectivesHIV‐coinfected patients experience higher incidences of non‐liver‐related cancers than ... more ObjectivesHIV‐coinfected patients experience higher incidences of non‐liver‐related cancers than HCV‐monoinfected patients. Chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, but also higher tobacco or alcohol consumption and metabolic dysregulation could explain this higher risk. We aimed to estimate the direct, indirect and total effects of HIV coinfection on the risk of non‐liver‐related cancers in HCV participants treated with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs).MethodsUp to four HCV‐monoinfected participants from the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort were matched by age and sex to HIV/HCV‐coinfected participants from the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort. Participants were followed from DAA initiation until the occurrence of a non‐liver‐related cancer. Counterfactual mediation analysis was carried out to estimate the direct (chronic inflammation and immunosuppression), indirect (tobacco and alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome) and total effect of HIV coinfection on the risk of non‐liver‐related cancer...
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 1995
Since 1988, 11 cases of a new entity, 'Lipoprotein glomerulopathy' (LG), were des... more Since 1988, 11 cases of a new entity, 'Lipoprotein glomerulopathy' (LG), were described in Japan. Some of these reports suggested that this glomerular lipid storage is due to excess apo E associated with heterozygous E2/3 apo E isoform. We report the first case of LG in a white European with no such lipid abnormalities. Proteinuria was discovered in 1967 when he was 42. Blood pressure and renal function were normal. Family history was negative. Renal biopsy disclosed lesions which were only understood at the time of the Japanese publications. They were composed of endocapillary glomerular deposits. Staining for lipids disclosed capillary loop obstruction with lipid droplets. Electron microscopy showed confluent droplets of various sizes obstructing capillary loops. Proteinuria progressively increased. In 1974 repeat renal biopsy showed the same lipid deposits, now associated with focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Several serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein studies ruled out any specific lipid derangement. This suggested a local glomerular disorder, presumably affecting the glomerular endocapillary disposal of lipids. A third biopsy showed progressive glomerular destruction by FSGS with persistence of the lipid droplets. Renal insufficiency progressed and haemodialysis was started in 1992. This observation suggests that LG is a local glomerular, not a general lipid disorder and indicates that this disease is not restricted to Asian patients.
La Revue de Médecine Interne, 1991
Néphrologie, 1990
We present here a glomerulonephritis in a patient with dermatomyositis, Sjögren's syndrome an... more We present here a glomerulonephritis in a patient with dermatomyositis, Sjögren's syndrome and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Glomerulonephritides are rarely described in dermatomyositis and Sjögren's syndrome. Glomerular histology is variable. Nephrotic syndrome and renal failure are not frequent. Moderate doses of corticosteroids produce a rapid improvement.
Medicine, 1995
To identify the demographic, clinical, and pathologic features and the prognosis of renal disease... more To identify the demographic, clinical, and pathologic features and the prognosis of renal disease in a series of patients with infectious or postinfectious proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN), data were collected from records of 76 adult patients admitted from 1976 to 1993 to 2 neighboring suburban hospital nephrology units, whose catchment population consists of patients living in a suburban borough of Paris with a below-average socioeconomic status. Thirty-four patients (45%) were alcoholics, diabetics, or intravenous illicit-drug users. Sixty-six patients presented with acute nephritic and/or nephrotic syndrome. Acute renal failure was present in 56 (76%) and required dialysis in 14. The diagnostic workup comprised at least 1 renal biopsy in each case. The patient's background, site of infection, clinical course, laboratory variables, and, when available, bacteriologic findings were analyzed in each case to interpret the evolution of the disease. Initial renal biopsy disclosed endocapillary GN in 44 patients, crescentic GN in 26, and membranoproliferative GN in 6. Ten patients had endocarditis. Staphylococci and Gram-negative strains, not streptococci, were the most common bacteria identified. The origin of sepsis was mainly the oropharynx (21), the skin (19) and the lung (14); 19 cases involved multiple sites of infection. Eight patients died (11%), and 20 (26%) recovered renal function, but GN followed a chronic course in 38 (50%), rapidly requiring maintenance dialysis in 6. Poor prognostic factors included age over 50 years, purpura, endocarditis, and glomerular extracapillary proliferation. Twenty-six patients underwent repeat renal biopsy 1 month to 11 years after the initial presentation. The main finding, irrespective of the interval since the first biopsy, was that ongoing or new iatrogenic infection acquired during hospitalization was almost invariably acquired during hospitalization was almost invariably associated with developing glomerular proliferative changes. This study shows that infectious proliferative GN remains common, but that its epidemiology has changed from what was observed until 2 decades ago. The responsible bacteria, when identified, now comprise a majority of staphylococci and Gram-negative strains, in contrast to the streptococci which predominated 3 decades ago. Infectious GN affects with increasing frequency patients with an underlying condition responsible for immunosuppression, especially alcoholism, even in the absence of cirrhosis. Destructive glomerular proliferation persists, especially but not exclusively until infection has been eradicated, and despite rescue treatment with corticosteroids and/or cytostatic drugs. Thus, the prognosis is poor, and infectious GN often ends in renal death. Infection continues in this decade to represent a frequent and probably often overlooked cause of end-stage renal failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Nephron, 1992
In 2 patients with the nephrotic syndrome, unsuspected solid tumors were found. One was a small c... more In 2 patients with the nephrotic syndrome, unsuspected solid tumors were found. One was a small cell lung carcinoma, accompanied with the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. The other was a cancer of the breast with lymph node and bone metastases. In both, renal biopsy showed minimal change disease without immune complex deposits. There are only 14 other reported cases of paraneoplastic lipoid nephrosis complicating solid tumors. Such cases lead to the discussion on the respective roles of tumor cell gene product(s) inducing proteinuria and of lymphokine secretion by lymphocytes directed against the tumor itself. Cancer should be considered as a possible etiology of the minimal change nephrotic syndrome in the adult.
Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 2007
Summary. In HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐coinfected patients, it is recommended to repeat liver b... more Summary. In HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐coinfected patients, it is recommended to repeat liver biopsy every 3 years when anti‐HCV treatment is not indicated. We studied fibrosis progression in HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients, who were not receiving anti‐HCV treatment, on the basis of two successive liver biopsies. Thirty‐two patients were retrospectively included. Twenty‐six patients (79%) were on antiretroviral treatment at the first biopsy. The mean CD4 cell count was 470 ± 283/mm3. Three patients were staged F2 and the remainder F0/F1. The median interval between the two biopsies was 49 (24–80) months. At the second biopsy, the stage distribution was F0 0%, F1 41% (n = 13), F2 34% (n = 11), F3 19% (n = 6) and F4 6% (n = 2). The mean fibrosis progression rate (FPR) was 0.25 points/year. Nine patients (28%) were considered as rapid fibrosis progressors (progression by more than two points) and their FPR was 0.5 point/year; comparison of these subjects with the other 23 patients showed...
Journal of Hepatology, 2001
Due to its apparent safety and low cost, hydroxyethylstarch (HES) is increasingly used as a volum... more Due to its apparent safety and low cost, hydroxyethylstarch (HES) is increasingly used as a volume expander. The aim of this retrospective study was to highlight the risk of hepatic dysfunction after iterative HES infusions. Between April 1996 and April 1998, nine patients were referred for worsening of their clinical condition after repeated HES infusions. Six patients had previous chronic liver disease, cirrhosis in four cases. All patients underwent a liver biopsy. All post-HES liver biopsies showed diffuse microvacuolization of Kupffer cells, which was associated with focal hepatocyte vacuolization in seven cases. The vacuoles contained periodic acid Schiff positive material at their margins and were lysosomal by electron microscopy. The clinical symptoms of hepatic disease, although difficult to interpret in cirrhotic patients, worsened after HES infusions. Portal hypertension was noted in three non-cirrhotic patients. Serum alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyl transferase activities were increased when compared with previous values. Eight patients died, six of them within 1-4 weeks of hepatic failure or septic shock. In the only living patient, symptoms improved after HES withdrawal. Repeated administration of HES could favour severe portal hypertension, liver failure and sepsis, particularly in the setting of chronic liver disease. The basis of these adverse effects is the lysosomal storage of HES in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2011
We report the case of a 29-year-old man with membranous nephropathy that was associated with a sa... more We report the case of a 29-year-old man with membranous nephropathy that was associated with a sarcoidosic granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis, but was without an apparent calcium metabolism disorder. Corticosteroid treatment was associated with remission of nephrotic syndrome. We discuss the relationship between membranous nephropathy and sarcoidosis based on the close appearance of the 2 diseases and the detection of phospholipase A 2 receptor in glomerular immune deposits.
Clinical Science, 1975
1. Acute renal failure was induced in conscious rats by subcutaneous injection of glycerol. 2. Ex... more 1. Acute renal failure was induced in conscious rats by subcutaneous injection of glycerol. 2. Expansion of the extracellular space by infusion of 150 mmol/l sodium chloride (saline) partly protected the animals against acute renal failure. 3. This protective effect of saline infusion disappeared when the animals were treated with indomethacin. This effect could be reversed by the addition of prostaglandin (PGE2) to the saline infusion. 4. We suggest that prostaglandins may be involved in mediating the protection afforded by saline infusion against acute renal failure due to glycerol.
Oncology, 2012
Objective: Few studies have been conducted on breast cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa and their resul... more Objective: Few studies have been conducted on breast cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa and their results have been suspected to be impaired by artefacts. This prospective study was designed to determine tumor and patient characteristics in Mali with control of each methodological step. These data are necessary to define breast cancer treatment guidelines in this country. Methods: Clinical and tumor characteristics and known risk factors were obtained in a consecutive series of 114 patients. Each technical step for the determination of tumor characteristics [histology, TNM, grade, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), HER2, and Ki67] was controlled. Results: Patients had a mean age of 46 years. Most tumors were invasive ductal carcinomas (94%), T3-T4 (90%) with positive nodes (91%), grade III (78%), and ER (61%) and PR (72%) negative. HER2 was overexpressed in 18% of cases. The triple-negative subgroup represented 46%, displaying a particularly aggressive pattern (90% grade III; ...
Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 2013
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for more than 80% of all lung cancers and is a lea... more Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for more than 80% of all lung cancers and is a leading cause of cancer deaths (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2008). Adenocarcinomas, representing approximately half of NSCLC, compose a spectrum of various histopathological types, ranging from the non-invasive, so-called adenocarcinoma in situ, to solid invasive adenocarcinoma. According to the new International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) classification (Travis et al. 2011), based on histomorphological subtypes, the designation bronchioloalveolar carcinoma has been deleted and the term "adenocarcinoma in situ" was introduced for solitary adenocarcinomas ≤3 cm, with pure lepidic growth. Lepidic growth refers to a characteristic growth pattern along preexisting alveolar structures, without invasion, commonly associated with mild septal thickening and fibrosis (Travis et al. 2004). Other lung adenocarcinoma subtypes can also exhibit, at least in part, a lepidic growth pattern, like minimally invasive adenocarcinoma when lepidic growth is predominant with an invasive pattern ≤5 mm, or lepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma, for the invasive 492538J HCXXX10.
Earlier studies from our laboratory have indic Anacardium occidentale (AO) leaves in experimental... more Earlier studies from our laboratory have indic Anacardium occidentale (AO) leaves in experimental ty induced diabetes in rats had been shown to be asso morphological changes in the kidney. Therefore, in carried out studies on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced typ treated with Anacardium occidentale on the functional kidneys. Albino rats were divided into 7 groups (n = hexane extract of Anacardium occidentale leaf by gava and insulin (5 IU/kg). Renal ultrastructure was studie Bowman’s capsule, distribution and total area occupied positive structures. AO at the dose of 300 mg/kg/day, sho 0.05) of blood glucose level, total protein excreted, glyco Anacardium treatment, initiated 3 days after diabetes ind renal structure and other metabolic disturbances mo initiated two weeks after. Histopathological study significantly reduced accumulation of mucopolysacchar animals. The extract of AO at the dose of 300 mg/kg h normal rats. The present study demonstrates the effica (hexane extract) in reduc...
Journal of Urology, 2004
used to analyze the expression pattern of gene of interests in these cells. These data, together ... more used to analyze the expression pattern of gene of interests in these cells. These data, together with the knowledge of genomic alterations-detected by single-cell comparative genomic hybridization-will contribute to the further characterization of disseminated tumor cells.
British journal of cancer, Jan 24, 2006
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occult lymph node carcinomatous diffusion in hea... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occult lymph node carcinomatous diffusion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A total of 1328 lymph nodes from 31 patients treated between 2004 and 2005 were prospectively evaluated by routine haematoxylin-eosin-safran (HES) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time Taqman reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) assay. Amplification of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) mRNA transcripts using real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify cervical micrometastatic burden. The cervical lymph node metastatic rates determined by routine HES staining and real-time RT-PCR assay were 16.3 and 36.0%, respectively (P<0.0001). A potential change in the nodal status was observed in 13 (42.0%) of the 31 patients and an atypical pattern of lymphatic spread was identified in four patients (12.9%). Moreover, CK19 mRNA expression values in histologically positive lymph nodes were significantly higher than those observed...
Oncogene, 2006
We have assessed the possibility to build a prognosis predictor (PP), based on non-neoplastic muc... more We have assessed the possibility to build a prognosis predictor (PP), based on non-neoplastic mucosa microarray gene expression measures, for stage II colon cancer patients. Non-neoplastic colonic mucosa mRNA samples from 24 patients (10 with a metachronous metastasis, 14 with no recurrence) were profiled using the Affymetrix HGU133A GeneChip. Patients were repeatedly and randomly divided into 1000 training sets (TSs) of size 16 and validation sets (VS) of size 8. For each TS/VS split, a 70-gene PP, identified on the TS by selecting the 70 most differentially expressed genes and applying diagonal linear discriminant analysis, was used to predict the prognoses of VS patients. Mean prognosis prediction performances of the 70-gene PP were 81.8% for accuracy, 73.0% for sensitivity and 87.1% for specificity. Informative genes suggested branching signal-transduction pathways with possible extensive networks between individual pathways. They also included genes coding for proteins involved in immune surveillance. In conclusion, our study suggests that one can build an accurate PP for stage II colon cancer patients, based on non-neoplastic mucosa microarray gene expression measures.
Kidney International, 1989
Frequency of development of early cortical scarring In acute primary pyelonephritis. Fifty-five c... more Frequency of development of early cortical scarring In acute primary pyelonephritis. Fifty-five cases of primary (that is, without urinary tract abnormalities), acute pyelonephritis (PN) were studied by computed tomodensitometry (CT). There were 48 women and 7 men. All were febrile and 16 had positive blood cultures. In 7 cases, (4 diabetics and 3 malnourished alcoholics) PN was painless, diagnosis was delayed and lesions were severe. Two diabetics underwent emergency nephrectomy for sepsis. Conventional radiological techniques (IVP and ultrasonography) were poorly informative. In contrast, initial CT abnormalities were visible in 44 patients. They consisted of triangular or round hypodense images, diffuse hypodensity in a grossly swollen kidney, and/or abscesses. Hypodense images were presumably due to acute focal ischemia, Renal histology was available in five patients. It showed acute interstitial nephritis with leukocyte infiltrates, edema and hemorrhagic streaks. Pyelonephntis was due to E. co/tin 48 cases (87.5%). In 27 cases E. co/i isolates were studied by genotypic assays which detect the three most frequent (pap, ala and sfa) of the four operons known to encode adhesin. In all cases, at least one of these genotypic markers of uropathogenicity was found. In 27 cases, repeat CT was done shortly after treatment. It showed healing in only 12. Early cortical scar formation was visible in 2. Final evaluation in 27 cases with adequate follow-up showed that (in addition to the 2 patients who had been nephrectomized), in only 17 of 27 (63%) had the kidneys recovered a normal appearance. In two cases one kidney had undergone atrophy; renal biopsy showed subacute-chronic interstitial nephritis. Cortical scars were visible in eight other cases. Our data do not substantiate the common opinion that, in the absence of urinary tract abnormalities, acute PN entails little risk of renal insult, On the contrary, we show that such acute primary renal infection, due to uropathogenic E. co/i strains encoding a pap or afa adhesin often leads to early cortical scarring and may occasionally progress to unilateral renal atrophy. Acute pyelonephritis (PN) may occur in the absence of renal stone, urinary tract obstruction or vesicoureteric reflux. It was claimed over the past 15 years that such "primary" acute upper-tract infection was a benign condition, with no progression to chronic pyelonephritis [1-4]. This opinion was based on intravenous pyelograms (IVP) performed months or years after the acute episode. Acute primary PN thus gained the reputation of being rapidly cured by antibiotics, and of bearing insignificant risk of further renal insult. Hence, in contrast with ongoing
Kidney International, 1992
route would similarly be precluded [22-24]. This new technique was published in abstract form [25... more route would similarly be precluded [22-24]. This new technique was published in abstract form [25], and we reported our preliminary results on 50 cases [261. The goal of this Technical Note is to analyze our present experience on 200 procedures carried out in 195 patients.
Annales de Chirurgie, 2003
In cancer research, regional lymph node status is a major prognostic factor and a decision criter... more In cancer research, regional lymph node status is a major prognostic factor and a decision criterion for adjuvant therapy warranting the lymphadenectomy. The sentinel node procedure, which has emerged to reduce morbidity of extensive lymphadenectomy, remains a major step in the surgical management of various cancers. Sentinel node procedure has become a standard technique for the determination of the nodal
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Papers by patrice callard