Papers by niken indriyanti
Perkembangan metode penelitian menggunakan hewan coba sering terkendala pada aspek 3R (reduce, re... more Perkembangan metode penelitian menggunakan hewan coba sering terkendala pada aspek 3R (reduce, replace, refinement). Untuk melakukan skrining aktivitas peneliti sering dihadapkan pada pilihan menggunakan hewan coba golongan rodent dalam jumlah banyak. Sedangkan pilihan menggunakan larva udang menawarkan pilihan jenis pengujian yang terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji keunggulan dan kelemahan metode uji aktivitas menggunakan model zebrafish (Danio rerio). Penelitian dilakukan secara metaanalisis menggunakan berbagai literatur yang diakses dari Pubmed, Sciencedirect, dan Google Scholar. Metode pengujian menggunakan zebrafish menunjukkan keunggulan pada pengamatan perilaku setelah pemberian bahan uji, terutama yang berkaitan dengan sistem saraf. Sedangkan untuk pengujian aktivitas terhadap jantung, pengamatan perilaku fisik kurang menunjukkan perbedaan yang berarti, namun penelusuran aktivitas terhadap otot jantung dapat dilakukan dengan metode pewarnaan histopatologi. Pengamat...
Dismenore pada remaja adalah hal yang wajar untuk dirasakan ketika siklus menstruasi datang. Asam... more Dismenore pada remaja adalah hal yang wajar untuk dirasakan ketika siklus menstruasi datang. Asam mefenamat merupakan terapi farmakologis yang sering digunakan oleh perempuan dismenore untuk mengurangi ketidaknyamanan nyeri haid dengan menginhibisi enzim siklooksigenase (COX-2) yang dapat mencegah pembentukan asam arakidonat serta prostaglandin yang akan menstimulasi kontraksi atau nyeri saat haid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seberapa besar efektivitas asam mefenamat terhadap penanganan dismenore dengan penilaian skala NRS. Metode penelitian dengan quasi experimental terdiri dari 2 kelompok uji-kontrol dengan penilaian nyeri pretest-postest berdasarkan skala NRS. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Wilcoxon rata-rata penurunan 4,50 dari data pretest-postest kelompok uji sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol rata-rata penurunan 2,50 pada data pretest-postest kelompok kontrol. Hasil perbandingan tiap kelompok (uji-kontrol) nilai signifikansi p=0,002 (p
Dates (Phoenix dactilyfera) contain chemical compositions that can be used as traditional medicin... more Dates (Phoenix dactilyfera) contain chemical compositions that can be used as traditional medicine for Calcium oxalate of kidney stone decay. Compound in palm juice can make Calcium oxalate dissolving is flavonoid and calium . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Palm dates juice dissolving calcium oxalate to determine the relationship between the concentration of dates palm juice with calcium solubility in kidney stones. To test its activities carried out in vitro using calcium oxalate which incubated for 3 hours with shaken out every 20 minutes at 37oC Determination of the solubility of calcium in date palm juice is by weighs insoluble calcium oxalate. Palm's juice concentration is divided into 60%, 50%, 40%, 30% and 20%. The results of these concentrations can be concluded that the juice of dates has the activity of dissolving calcium oxalate from kidney stones with average result weight in sequence 0.02 + 0.005 g; 0.02 + 0.005 g; 0.03 + 0.005 g; 0.04 + 0....
Molecules, 2021
Piper betle var. nigra is a tropical plant closely related to the common piper. P. betle has also... more Piper betle var. nigra is a tropical plant closely related to the common piper. P. betle has also been dubbed a promising source of natural antioxidants in herbal health products, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines K562 and HL-60, and antileishmanial. The aim of this study to observation Antimicrobial activity and isolation of chemical compound. The antimicrobial activity of P. betle extract was performed by well diffusion method against two oral pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis) and opportunistic pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans). The inoculum (bacterial and yeast suspension) was prepared from a 24-h culture on NB for bacterial suspension and on TSB for yeast suspension. Extraction and isolation using various method of chromatography. Isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means. Our study showed antimicrobial activity from crude ethanol extract of leaves P. betle L. var. n...
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers is a medicinal plant that has many activities, such as antioxidant, ... more Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers is a medicinal plant that has many activities, such as antioxidant, anti-infl ammation and immunosuppressant activities. Based on our previous study, aqueous extract of this plant leaves has a repairing eff ect on lupus nephritis model. The expected active compounds are flavonoids. Those compounds are separated in the ethyl acetate fraction. Therefore, this study observed the activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers on reducing the level of Anti- Smith autoantibody and the regulation function of CD4+CD25+ T reg in lupus mice. The experimental groups were a negative control group that received placebo, ethyl acetate fraction of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers (EF-KP) group and a positive control group that received cyclophosphamide. The anti-Sm level was measured by using indirect ELISA. The spleen cells were prepared for CD4+CD25+ T reg assay using fl ow cytometry. The result of this experiment was a reduction of anti-Sm antibo...
Latar belakang: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers sangat potensial dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif un... more Latar belakang: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers sangat potensial dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif untuk penanganan lupus berdasarkan aktivitas imunosupresan, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidannya. Ekstrak air daun tanaman ini telah diuji sebelumnya dan terbukti aktif menurunkan keparahan gejala lupus nefritis pada mencit lupus yang diinduksi dengan 2,6,10,14-tetrametilpentadekana (TMPD). Diduga bahan aktif dalam ekstrak tersebut adalah senyawa-senyawa golongan flavonoida yang aktif menghambat pengaktifan sel T. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek fraksi etil asetat daun Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers. (FE-KP) pada biomarker T cell dependent pathway (FOXP3/CD62L) dan independent B cell pathway patogenesis lupus. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga kelompok uji, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok FE-KP dan kontrol positif. Metode pengamatan molekular biomarker kedua jalur patogenesis mencakup metode flow cytometri, ELISA, dan histopatologi. Hasil: FE-KP mampu memodulasi b...
Cyclophosphamide is one of the standard therapies for lupus, especially lupus nephritis based on ... more Cyclophosphamide is one of the standard therapies for lupus, especially lupus nephritis based on its immunosuppressive effect. However, cyclophosphamide is also known as a nephrotoxic agent. Therefore, this research was aimed to measure the effect of cyclophosphamide at the dose that comparable to the human dose of 1 mg/kg BW on the kidney of lupus mice induced by means of 2,6,10,14tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD). In this research, the IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine was tested by using flow cytometry method. In addition, the structural damage of the kidney tissues was assessed by means of Moroni’s kidney organ scoring method for lupus. The result showed that cyclophosphamide reduced the IL-6 significantly with the value of 36.72±22.79% for the TMPD-treated group; 32.59±9.97% for the cyclophosphamide group; and 30.25±4.48% for the naïve group. Moreover, the damages of the kidney tissues on the cyclophosphamide group were more severe than the TMPD-treated group. In conclusion, desp...
Mint leaves (Mentha arvensis L.) are an example of a plant that can produce essential oils. The d... more Mint leaves (Mentha arvensis L.) are an example of a plant that can produce essential oils. The distinctive aroma of mint leaves provides a relaxing effect that affects the blood pressure of hypertensive patients. This study aims to look at the characteristics, patient response, and the effect of presenting peppermint aromatherapy to hypertensive patients at Puskesmas Mamburungan Tarakan. The research method used a quasy experimental research design with one group pretest and posttest design with a sample size of 20 people. The criteria for respondents who were the subject of the study were 50% of the sexes of women and men. The age with the highest proportion is 56-60 years old as much as 50%. The occupation with the highest proportion was housewives as much as 30%. The results of the study of the patient's response to aromatherapy preparations obtained the respondent's preferred level with a proportion of 90%. The effect of giving aromatherapy felt by the respondents was 7...
Daun kokang (Lapisanthes amoena L) secara empiris digunakan sebagai pembersih tubuh dan wajah ole... more Daun kokang (Lapisanthes amoena L) secara empiris digunakan sebagai pembersih tubuh dan wajah oleh masyarakat Suku Dayak dan Kutai sebagai pengganti fungsi sabun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metabolit sekunder dan membandingkan pelarut dalam proses deklorofilisasi klorofil pada daun kokang untuk melihat aktivitas antioksidan dan tabir surya. Proses deklorofilisasi dilakukan menggunakan 2 pelarut berbeda yang bersifat non polar untuk menarik senyawa klorofil pada simplisia dan hasil deklorofilisasi di maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol untuk menarik semua senyawa aktifnya. Ekstrak yang didapatkan langsung diidentifikasi senyawanya, diuji aktivitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas tabir surya. Jumlah rendemen ekstrak daun kokang yang didapat dari 120 g simplisia adalah 20,25 % sedangkan ekstrak daun kokang deklorofilisasi aseton dari 107 g simplisia adalah 18,18%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Senyawa yang terkandung pada ekstrak daun kokang ialah flavonoid, saponin, dan ...
T-cell activation, with the low expression of CD62L (Lselectin) marker in the spleen, will increa... more T-cell activation, with the low expression of CD62L (Lselectin) marker in the spleen, will increase B cell activity to produce lupus antibodies. Therefore, lupus patients need drugs which could increase the Lselectin expression in the spleen to reduce the auto-reactive T cell. The tested drug to increase the L-selectin in this research was the ethyl acetate fraction of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers leaves (EF-KP), based on its immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory activities. The research was performed by means of 2, 6, 10, 14 tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD) induced lupus-like mice. The experimental groups consisted of negative control (NC), EF-KP, and positive control (PC) groups. After 21 day treatment, the blood leukocyte was checked. Then, the spleen was prepared for the flow cytometry method to measure CD4 + CD62L + and CD8 + CD62L + T cells. The relative percentage of CD4 + CD62L + T cells in EF-KP groups increased insignificantly (p>0.05) (NC=7.91 ± 4.98%, EF-KP = 8.63 ± 3....
KnE Life Sciences
Lupus or systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease with systemic inflammation ... more Lupus or systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease with systemic inflammation manifestations mainly in targeted organs. The appropriate animal model for lupus is necessary. The induction method by using 2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD) reveals more complex manifestations than other hydrocarbons. However, the autophagy of macrophages as an effect of TMPD makes differences to make the decision in lupus biomarker as a targeted therapy in lupus arthritis. Thus, this research focused on the role of CD68+IL-6 produced by macrophages and total IL-6 in lupus in correlation to the arthritis severity. The naïve and TMPD-treated groups (n=3) were induced by means of 0.5 ml TMPD i.p. After 6 months, the mice were sacrificed then the fresh spleens were prepared as isolated cells to be measured by using flow cytometry method. The knee joints were prepared for histology observation. The statistical analysis was performed by using T-test SPSS 22 version. The results showed...
Pharmacognosy Journal
Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr.; Synonym: Eleutherine americana L. Merr.) is a plan... more Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr.; Synonym: Eleutherine americana L. Merr.) is a plant from family Iridaceae that widely found in Kalimantan island, Indonesia (particularly East Kalimantan) and widely grown in 600-2000 m above sea level. Traditionally used as a medicinal plant for treatment of sexual disorders, hypertension, stroke, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, cyst, prostate, and used for increasing lactation production. 1 Some study have reported the bulbs of the plant has activity as an antimicrobial, 2 antioxidant, 3 anti-dermatophyte, anti melanogenesis, 4 sunscreen, 5 aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, 6 α-glucosidase inhibitory, 7 and antihyperglycemic. 8 Bulbs of the plant contain anthraquinone, 9,10 naphthoquinone group (elecanacine, eleutherine, elutherole, eleutherinone), 4,11 and eleuthosides A, B, C. 12 In Kalimantan island, the local tribe "Dayak" commonly consume this plant and become a traded commodity in traditional markets. The most commonly used parts are bulbs. Bulbs of the plant are one of the potential to be developed and further identified the active compounds. To be accepted in modern medicine, the plant as a medicinal raw material must meet the requirements, especially the content of the active substance and the level of safety. Because usually not all parts of the plant Oral Glucose Tolerance Activity of Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr.) Bulbs Extract Based on the Use of different Extraction Method ABSTRACT Background: Bulbs of Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr; Synonym: Eleutherine americana L. Merr) from family Iridaceae is widely found and grown in Kalimantan island. The local tribe "Dayak" commonly consume this plant and become a traded commodity in traditional markets. This plant is trusted to treat various diseases. Objective: The present study aims to determine the effect of blood glucose reduction from bulbs of Bawang Dayak based on the use of different extraction methods using oral glucose tolerance test. Method: Dried sample was extracted with methanol using maceration, reflux, and Soxhlet method, respectively. The measurement of blood glucose reduction was performed using oral glucose tolerance test in vivo method and was analyzed using statistical comparison (Two-Way-ANOVA). Results: Based on the each extraction results was obtained yields of as 8.636% (reflux method), 11.87% (maceration method), and 14.023% (soxhlet method). While the results of blood glucose lowering effect on each extract were used, there were significant differences in statistical tests and organ index. Conclusion: This result is a preliminary stage and the information is invaluable for further research.
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Metformin dengan jahe ketika digunakan bersamaan efek antidiabetes yang dimiliki keduanya bekerja... more Metformin dengan jahe ketika digunakan bersamaan efek antidiabetes yang dimiliki keduanya bekerja secara sinergis dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat interaksi yang terjadi akibat penggunaan perasan jahe dan metformin yang dilihat dari perubahan kadar glukosa darah dan organ mencit diabetes. Mencit diabetes yang telah diinduksi alloksan dibagi menjadi enam kelompok dan diobati dengan metformin, perasan jahe, kombinasi perasan jahe dan metformin 1x1 dan kombinasi perasan jahe dan metformin 2x1 selama empat hari. Kadar glukosa darah di ukur sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan selama empat hari berturut-turut. Data berat badan yang didapatkan menunjukkan terjadi penurunan berat badan namun tidak signifikan (p>0,05) Nilai signifikansi perubahan kadar glukosa darah saat dianalisis menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dengan nilai (p<0,05). Untuk, index organ hati dan lambung yang diberi perlakuan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan ni...
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
ABSTRAK Antikonvulsan adalah obat yang dikembangkan untuk menghambat penyebaran kejang di otak de... more ABSTRAK Antikonvulsan adalah obat yang dikembangkan untuk menghambat penyebaran kejang di otak dengan menekan penembakan neuron yang cepat dan berlebihan. Biasanya, antikonvulsan digunakan oleh pasien gangguan jiwa yang mengalami kejang, sulit tidur, dan rasa cemas yang berlebihan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola penggunaan obat antikonvulsan pada pasien gangguan jiwa dan mengetahui karakteristik pasien yang menerima terapi antikonvulsan periode Januari-Desember 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah non-eksperimental dengan metode retrospektif dari catatan rekam medis 52 pasien rawat jalan dan rawat inap dengan diagnosa penyakit gangguan kejiwaan yaitu dimensia, depresi, bipolar, dan skizofrenia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik pasien dengan jenis kelamin perempuan (65,38%), usia 26-35 tahun (25%), dan tidak bekerja (78,84%) lebih rentan terkena gangguan kejiwaan. Sedangkan pola penggunaan obat antikonvulsan yang digunakan pada Rumah Sakit Jiwa D...
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Aloe vera has the potential to increase hair growth rate and sun protection so it is suitable to ... more Aloe vera has the potential to increase hair growth rate and sun protection so it is suitable to be formulated in serum. The purpose of this study was to produce a serum formula that meets the standards and produce a serum that has an effect in increasing hair growth rate and sun protection.This study was conducted to make aloe vera serum formula in third variation of the active substance and do a physical evaluation. Data from the physical evaluation test results and for hair growth and sun protection using analyzed statistic. The test results aloe vera serum organopetic clear white with a thick consistency and oleum rosae fragrance. Aloe vera serum have a homogenity dispersion with a viscosity of between 0.023 to 0.058 (Pa.s), the pH value between 5.7 to 6.1 and the spreadability between 6-7 cm. Aloe vera serum is stable for 3 weeks storage at room temperature. Aloe vera serum seen qualitative and quantitative has the effect of hair growth that is equivalent to the positive cont...
Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences
Mecca leaf (Albertisia papuana Becc.) Is a plant that is used as a flavor enhancer by the Dayak E... more Mecca leaf (Albertisia papuana Becc.) Is a plant that is used as a flavor enhancer by the Dayak Ethnic community in East Kalimantan. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical parameter content of Pb and Cd metals in simplicia and mekai leaf water extracts and to find out the toxicity of mekai leaf water extracts on kidney, liver and spleen of mice. Measurement of chemical parameters namely Pb and Cd metal levels in simplicia and water extracts using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS / AAS) and acute toxicity of water extracts of mekai leaves was done in vivo on test animals with dose variations of 0.105 mg, 2.1 mg, and 42 mg was given to test animals, pharmacological screening was observed, proteinuria levels were carried out using NOVA test® strips, body weight and organ index of mice. The results of measurements of Pb and Cd metal levels in simplicia and extracts of water contained lead as much as 0.851 ppm and 0.642 ppm (<0.10 ppm) and cadmium as much as 0.220 ...
Journal of Young Pharmacists
Background: Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (QUE) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects which... more Background: Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (QUE) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects which probably beneficially used in lupus. Objective: This research was focused on analyzing the effects of QUE on FOXP3 modulation to result in an anti-inflammatory outcome in the kidney of severe lupus mice. Methods: This research used Pristane-induced female BALB/c lupus mice, and the biomarkers involved in were CD4 + CD25 + T reg cells, FOXP3 T cells, anti-Sm, IL-6, and histopathology assessment of the kidney of lupus mice. The QUE group was treated and compared to the negative control which received placebo, and the positive control which received cyclophosphamide. Results: QUE increased the number of CD4 + CD25 + T reg cells (negative control: 3.01±3.43%; QUE: 18.77±5.12%; positive control: 3.26±11.09%), and FOXP3 significantly (p<0.05) (negative control: 1.14±0.54%; QUE: 2.00±1.45%; positive control: 1.73±1.14%). The anti-Sm level did not decrease, meanwhile the IL-6 decreased significantly, and the histopathological assessment of the kidney reveal the repairing effects of QUE on glomeruli. Conclusion: QUE has an anti-inflammatory activity which reduces the severity of lupus nephritis signs in lupus mice by initially increasing the CD4 + CD25 + and FOXP3 + Tregs numbers. QUE is potential to be further developed as a safe treatment choice for lupus nephritis.
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences
Background: Bitter gourd has various metabolites, such as momordicosides, polypeptide-P, v-insuli... more Background: Bitter gourd has various metabolites, such as momordicosides, polypeptide-P, v-insulin, charantin, and vicine that have antidiabetic effect. It has synergistically effect while combined with oral diabetic drugs, such as metformin as glucose lowering agent. The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction of bitter gourd fruit juice and metformin as glucose lowering agent in mice.Materials and Methods: Alloxan-induced diabetic mice were treated with bitter gourd fruit juice, metformin, and the combination of those two for 21 days. Glucose level was checked on first and last day of treatment.Results: Furthermore, blood glucose levels measurement showed no significant difference between groups compared with negative control, which was…
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
Doxycycline has non-antibiotic effects which are necessary for lupus treatment, such as immunosup... more Doxycycline has non-antibiotic effects which are necessary for lupus treatment, such as immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-depressive effects. This widely used drug is a promising one to be developed as lupus drug since doxycycline has no data of its microbial resistance and it is safe for maternity. The other benefit is that doxycycline has lower side effects than the current drugs for lupus treatment. It gives excellent chances for women with lupus to be pregnant and have healthy babies. This article contains the compilation data of doxycycline target sites beyond its beneficial activities for lupus and also its limitations. Finally, this data will be a background for doxycycline in lupus drug development.
Pharmacognosy Journal
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers (KP) has an immunosuppressive effect on delayed-type hypersensitivit... more Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers (KP) has an immunosuppressive effect on delayed-type hypersensitivity test. Based on it, this research aimed to determine the repairing effects of aqueous extract of KP on lupus nephritis mice and identified its active compound. The KP extract profile was determined using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS instrument. We examined six mice groups consisting of three curative treatment groups, one standard group receiving prednisone, one preventive group receiving KP extract, and one healthy (healthy and untreated) group. At the end of the experiment, we measured the proteinuria and renal histology parameters. To recognize the active compound in the KP profile, we performed in silico assays for the flavonoid compounds to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor. We played in silico tests for the flavonoid compounds to identify the active compound in the KP profile. We found the repairing effect of KP was detected in the kidney, demonstrated by its low proteinuria level and its better tissue structure. In the curative group, the urine protein level and its glomerular inflammation decreased. In the preventive group, the aqueous extract of KP could prevent lupus nephritis manifestations in the kidney. Bryophyllin A is the most active compound of the KP. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanism involved. We conclude, the aqueous extract, especially its bryophyllin A, have beneficial effects in repairing the function and tissue structure of lupus manifestations in mice kidney.
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Papers by niken indriyanti