A diallel experiment was conducted to determine better general and specific combiners in 8x8 Bras... more A diallel experiment was conducted to determine better general and specific combiners in 8x8 Brassica juncea L., genotypes for seed yield and its associated traits. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p≤0.01) differences among all the genotypes for pod length, 1000 seed weight and seed yield plant -1 , while significant (p≤0.05) differences were noted for pods plant -1 and seeds pods -1 . According to combining ability analysis, the general combining ability (GCA) mean squares was highly significant (p≤0.01) for seed yield plant -1 and significant (p≤0.05) for 1000 seed weight, while found non significant for pods plant -1 , pod length and seeds pod -1 . The specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal combining ability (RCA) mean squares were highly significant (p≤0.01) for all the traits except seeds pod -1 . GCA effects were of greater magnitude than SCA and RCA for pods plant -1 , pod length and seed yield plant -1 indicating that these traits were controlled by additive type of gene action. Reciprocal effects were found greater than GCA and SCA for seed pod -1 and 1000 seed weight showing that maternal effects were also active and need due attention for the said traits. The parental genotypes MYT009, MYT113, MYT123, MYT120 and MYT117 were found the best general combiners, while hybrids MYT117 x MYT123, MYT113 x MYT009, MYT123 x MYT113, MYT124 x MYT117, MYT105 x MYT103 and MYT113 x MYT120 were found the best specific combiners for majority of the traits and could be exploited through further selection in segregating population. Results revealed the importance of both additive and nonadditive genetic variability suggesting the use of integrated breeding strategies which can efficiently utilize the additive as well as non-additive genetic variations.
A total of 120 locally collected accessions of Brassica napus, Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa ... more A total of 120 locally collected accessions of Brassica napus, Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa were evaluated for two years and three different locations of the country to check the level of stability among these accessions for various fatty acids composition. Combined stability analysis of variance for two years and three locations showed significant genetic variation within brassica accessions for all the fatty acids profile. Season x location, genotype x season, genotypes x locations and genotypes x season x locations were highly significant for all the studied parameters, while the values recorded for regression coefficient (b) and deviation from the regression (S 2 d) also showed high amount of variations. From the observed results, some accessions which produce the values near to the stranded values were recommended for further studies in future breeding programmes.
A total of 120 locally collected accessions of Brassica napus, Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa ... more A total of 120 locally collected accessions of Brassica napus, Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa were evaluated for two years and three different locations of the country to check the level of stability among these accessions for various fatty acids composition. Combined stability analysis of variance for two years and three locations showed significant genetic variation within brassica accessions for all the fatty acids profile. Season x location, genotype x season, genotypes x locations and genotypes x season x locations were highly significant for all the studied parameters, while the values recorded for regression coefficient (b) and deviation from the regression (S 2 d ) also showed high amount of variations. From the observed results, some accessions which produce the values near to the stranded values were recommended for further studies in future breeding programmes.
This study was conducted in Brassica juncea L. for the determination of good combiners for qualit... more This study was conducted in Brassica juncea L. for the determination of good combiners for quality associated traits using 8 x 8 diallel during 2004 - 2005 and 2005 - 2006. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p 0.01) for all the studied traits. Components of combining ability analysis showed that general combining ability (GCA) was highly significant (p 0.01) for oil percentage (%) and glucosinolates (iMolg-1) whereas the rest were non-significant. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant for all traits except for oleic acids. Reciprocal combining ability (RCA) effects were highly significant (p 0.01) for all traits except for oleic acid which was significant at (p 0.05). The SCA effects were higher than RCA for oil %. The GCA effects were of greater magnitude than the SCA effects for glucosinolate, erucic acid and protein content. The parental genotypes NUM009, NUM123, NUM105 and NUM117 and their hybrids NUM009x NUM123, NUM10...
Cereal crops that have rigid non-cellulose components in the cell wall tissues of leaves and high... more Cereal crops that have rigid non-cellulose components in the cell wall tissues of leaves and high starch and protein content in grains face limitations in DNA extraction. Advanced molecular genetic techniques such as mapping and marker-assisted selection programs require pure and quick DNA extraction. In this study, we developed methods for isolating high-quality genomic DNA from leaves and seeds of major cereal crops with minor modifications. DNA yields ranged from 300 to 1800 ng for 0.01 g seed or leaf tissue.
Abstract: The present study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic variability in maize... more Abstract: The present study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic variability in maize genotypes for yield and yield components under agro climatic conditions of Peshawar valley. The experiment was conducted at NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar, during ...
For the estimation of mid-parent and better-parent heterosis in Brassica juncea L. genotypes an e... more For the estimation of mid-parent and better-parent heterosis in Brassica juncea L. genotypes an experiment was conducted at NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar during 2004-05 and 2005-06 using 8 x 8 full diallel. All the 56 F 1 hybrids and their parents were planted in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Out of 56 hybrids, negative mid-parent and better-parent heterosis were estimated in 15 and 10 hybrids for days to 50% emergence, in 20 and 11 hybrids for days to 50% flowering, in 34 and 49 crosses for days to physiological maturity and in 37 and 34 crosses for plant height, respectively whereas positive heterosis were estimated in 12 and 10 crosses for number of primary branches plant -1 . However, significant negative mid-parent and better-parent heterosis were recorded in 5 and 4 hybrids for days to 50% emergence, in 05 and 03 for days to 50% flowering, in 10 and 8 for days to physiological maturity, in 7 and 36 for plant height while significantly positive heterosis was recorded in 27 and 4 crosses for number of primary branches plant -1 respectively. Better-parent heterosis reduced to 27% for emergence, 3.85% for flowering, 4.08% for maturity and 22.63% for plant height whereas it reached to 44% for branches plant -1 . Among parents, NUM103, NUM113, NUM123 and NUM117 proved to be superior when used as parents in most of the hybrid combinations. Hybrids NUM9xNUM113, NUM103xNUM113, NUM123xNUM117, NUM123x NUM113 and NUM123xNUM124 were best for different characters and their further utilization in breeding programs is suggested.
Genetic diversity was studied in 234 accessions of locally collected Brassica species for total s... more Genetic diversity was studied in 234 accessions of locally collected Brassica species for total seed protein content through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). These accessions were collected from different locations of Pakistan. After the study of these accessions on SDS-PAGE, 28 reproducible bands were used for cluster analysis and with the help of these bands, genetic diversity were estimated. Out of 28, four major bands were observed. Dendogram was constructed and the accessions were divided into two main groups comprising 11 clusters. The results obtained from these clusters showed minimum genetic diversity in these accessions on SDS-PAGE level. Due to low genetic diversity on SDS-PAGE level, it is suggested that two dimensional (2D)electrophoresis can be used for protein study.
Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 2013
A diallel analysis of F 1 crosses involving six upland cotton genotypes to evaluate the populatio... more A diallel analysis of F 1 crosses involving six upland cotton genotypes to evaluate the population’s genetic potential, and genetic effects involved in the inheritance of yield and yield contributing traits was conducted during 2009 and 2010 at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The adequacy of the additive-dominance model was fully adequate for plant height and partially suitable for other variables. Larger values of dominance (H 1 , H 2 ) than additive (D) genetic components of variation showed that traits were primarily governed by non-additive gene action. Unequal proportions of positive (U) and negative (V) alleles in loci (H 2 <H 1 ) with asymmetrical distribution of genes was observed in the parents (H 2 / 4H 1 <0.25 and F was different from zero) for all the variables. The ratio of H 2 /4H 1 was below than maximum value (0.25) for all variables, which arises when U=V=0.5 over all loci. Broad sense heritabilities were higher; however, most of the variables manifested desirable medium narrow sense heritabilities with perceptible genetic gain. Negative correlation between Wr + Vr and parental means (y) for plant height, bolls plant -1 , boll weight and lint %, and positive correlation for seed cotton yield, indicated that parents containing dominant and recessive genes, respectively were responsible for their increased mean values. The F 1 hybrids of cultivars CIM-473, CIM-554, CIM-506 viz., CIM-473 × CIM-554, CIM-506 × CIM-554, CIM554 × CIM-707 and their reciprocals showed best performance for seed cotton yield and its contributing variables. These F 1 hybrids could be used for hybrid cotton; however, the desirable narrow sense heritability indicates that selection would be effective in early segregating generations.
Genetic diversity among 120 different accessions of Brassica species were characterized with the ... more Genetic diversity among 120 different accessions of Brassica species were characterized with the help of SSR markers. These species include Brassica rapa, B. juncea and B. napus. 39 SSR primers were used and they produced 162 scorable bands in which 105 were polymorphic. The average rate of polymorphic loci was 46%, which indicates high genetic diversity among the accessions. The UPGMA cluster analysis revealed two main clusters and nine sub-clusters. From the gene pool of the collected Brassicas considerable variation was observed among the B. rapa accessions, which clearly differentiate the B. rapa of northern part of the country from the B. rapa of rest of the country. Groupings also reflected geographical similarities and suggested misidentification of certain accessions in the germplasm collection. Based on our study, SSR analysis proved to be a useful tool in assessing the genetic diversity of leafy Brassica germplasm.
A diallel experiment was conducted to determine better general and specific combiners in 8x8 Bras... more A diallel experiment was conducted to determine better general and specific combiners in 8x8 Brassica juncea L., genotypes for seed yield and its associated traits. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p≤0.01) differences among all the genotypes for pod length, 1000 seed weight and seed yield plant -1 , while significant (p≤0.05) differences were noted for pods plant -1 and seeds pods -1 . According to combining ability analysis, the general combining ability (GCA) mean squares was highly significant (p≤0.01) for seed yield plant -1 and significant (p≤0.05) for 1000 seed weight, while found non significant for pods plant -1 , pod length and seeds pod -1 . The specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal combining ability (RCA) mean squares were highly significant (p≤0.01) for all the traits except seeds pod -1 . GCA effects were of greater magnitude than SCA and RCA for pods plant -1 , pod length and seed yield plant -1 indicating that these traits were controlled by additive type of gene action. Reciprocal effects were found greater than GCA and SCA for seed pod -1 and 1000 seed weight showing that maternal effects were also active and need due attention for the said traits. The parental genotypes MYT009, MYT113, MYT123, MYT120 and MYT117 were found the best general combiners, while hybrids MYT117 x MYT123, MYT113 x MYT009, MYT123 x MYT113, MYT124 x MYT117, MYT105 x MYT103 and MYT113 x MYT120 were found the best specific combiners for majority of the traits and could be exploited through further selection in segregating population. Results revealed the importance of both additive and nonadditive genetic variability suggesting the use of integrated breeding strategies which can efficiently utilize the additive as well as non-additive genetic variations.
A total of 120 locally collected accessions of Brassica napus, Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa ... more A total of 120 locally collected accessions of Brassica napus, Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa were evaluated for two years and three different locations of the country to check the level of stability among these accessions for various fatty acids composition. Combined stability analysis of variance for two years and three locations showed significant genetic variation within brassica accessions for all the fatty acids profile. Season x location, genotype x season, genotypes x locations and genotypes x season x locations were highly significant for all the studied parameters, while the values recorded for regression coefficient (b) and deviation from the regression (S 2 d) also showed high amount of variations. From the observed results, some accessions which produce the values near to the stranded values were recommended for further studies in future breeding programmes.
A total of 120 locally collected accessions of Brassica napus, Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa ... more A total of 120 locally collected accessions of Brassica napus, Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa were evaluated for two years and three different locations of the country to check the level of stability among these accessions for various fatty acids composition. Combined stability analysis of variance for two years and three locations showed significant genetic variation within brassica accessions for all the fatty acids profile. Season x location, genotype x season, genotypes x locations and genotypes x season x locations were highly significant for all the studied parameters, while the values recorded for regression coefficient (b) and deviation from the regression (S 2 d ) also showed high amount of variations. From the observed results, some accessions which produce the values near to the stranded values were recommended for further studies in future breeding programmes.
This study was conducted in Brassica juncea L. for the determination of good combiners for qualit... more This study was conducted in Brassica juncea L. for the determination of good combiners for quality associated traits using 8 x 8 diallel during 2004 - 2005 and 2005 - 2006. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p 0.01) for all the studied traits. Components of combining ability analysis showed that general combining ability (GCA) was highly significant (p 0.01) for oil percentage (%) and glucosinolates (iMolg-1) whereas the rest were non-significant. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant for all traits except for oleic acids. Reciprocal combining ability (RCA) effects were highly significant (p 0.01) for all traits except for oleic acid which was significant at (p 0.05). The SCA effects were higher than RCA for oil %. The GCA effects were of greater magnitude than the SCA effects for glucosinolate, erucic acid and protein content. The parental genotypes NUM009, NUM123, NUM105 and NUM117 and their hybrids NUM009x NUM123, NUM10...
Cereal crops that have rigid non-cellulose components in the cell wall tissues of leaves and high... more Cereal crops that have rigid non-cellulose components in the cell wall tissues of leaves and high starch and protein content in grains face limitations in DNA extraction. Advanced molecular genetic techniques such as mapping and marker-assisted selection programs require pure and quick DNA extraction. In this study, we developed methods for isolating high-quality genomic DNA from leaves and seeds of major cereal crops with minor modifications. DNA yields ranged from 300 to 1800 ng for 0.01 g seed or leaf tissue.
Abstract: The present study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic variability in maize... more Abstract: The present study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic variability in maize genotypes for yield and yield components under agro climatic conditions of Peshawar valley. The experiment was conducted at NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar, during ...
For the estimation of mid-parent and better-parent heterosis in Brassica juncea L. genotypes an e... more For the estimation of mid-parent and better-parent heterosis in Brassica juncea L. genotypes an experiment was conducted at NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar during 2004-05 and 2005-06 using 8 x 8 full diallel. All the 56 F 1 hybrids and their parents were planted in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Out of 56 hybrids, negative mid-parent and better-parent heterosis were estimated in 15 and 10 hybrids for days to 50% emergence, in 20 and 11 hybrids for days to 50% flowering, in 34 and 49 crosses for days to physiological maturity and in 37 and 34 crosses for plant height, respectively whereas positive heterosis were estimated in 12 and 10 crosses for number of primary branches plant -1 . However, significant negative mid-parent and better-parent heterosis were recorded in 5 and 4 hybrids for days to 50% emergence, in 05 and 03 for days to 50% flowering, in 10 and 8 for days to physiological maturity, in 7 and 36 for plant height while significantly positive heterosis was recorded in 27 and 4 crosses for number of primary branches plant -1 respectively. Better-parent heterosis reduced to 27% for emergence, 3.85% for flowering, 4.08% for maturity and 22.63% for plant height whereas it reached to 44% for branches plant -1 . Among parents, NUM103, NUM113, NUM123 and NUM117 proved to be superior when used as parents in most of the hybrid combinations. Hybrids NUM9xNUM113, NUM103xNUM113, NUM123xNUM117, NUM123x NUM113 and NUM123xNUM124 were best for different characters and their further utilization in breeding programs is suggested.
Genetic diversity was studied in 234 accessions of locally collected Brassica species for total s... more Genetic diversity was studied in 234 accessions of locally collected Brassica species for total seed protein content through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). These accessions were collected from different locations of Pakistan. After the study of these accessions on SDS-PAGE, 28 reproducible bands were used for cluster analysis and with the help of these bands, genetic diversity were estimated. Out of 28, four major bands were observed. Dendogram was constructed and the accessions were divided into two main groups comprising 11 clusters. The results obtained from these clusters showed minimum genetic diversity in these accessions on SDS-PAGE level. Due to low genetic diversity on SDS-PAGE level, it is suggested that two dimensional (2D)electrophoresis can be used for protein study.
Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 2013
A diallel analysis of F 1 crosses involving six upland cotton genotypes to evaluate the populatio... more A diallel analysis of F 1 crosses involving six upland cotton genotypes to evaluate the population’s genetic potential, and genetic effects involved in the inheritance of yield and yield contributing traits was conducted during 2009 and 2010 at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The adequacy of the additive-dominance model was fully adequate for plant height and partially suitable for other variables. Larger values of dominance (H 1 , H 2 ) than additive (D) genetic components of variation showed that traits were primarily governed by non-additive gene action. Unequal proportions of positive (U) and negative (V) alleles in loci (H 2 <H 1 ) with asymmetrical distribution of genes was observed in the parents (H 2 / 4H 1 <0.25 and F was different from zero) for all the variables. The ratio of H 2 /4H 1 was below than maximum value (0.25) for all variables, which arises when U=V=0.5 over all loci. Broad sense heritabilities were higher; however, most of the variables manifested desirable medium narrow sense heritabilities with perceptible genetic gain. Negative correlation between Wr + Vr and parental means (y) for plant height, bolls plant -1 , boll weight and lint %, and positive correlation for seed cotton yield, indicated that parents containing dominant and recessive genes, respectively were responsible for their increased mean values. The F 1 hybrids of cultivars CIM-473, CIM-554, CIM-506 viz., CIM-473 × CIM-554, CIM-506 × CIM-554, CIM554 × CIM-707 and their reciprocals showed best performance for seed cotton yield and its contributing variables. These F 1 hybrids could be used for hybrid cotton; however, the desirable narrow sense heritability indicates that selection would be effective in early segregating generations.
Genetic diversity among 120 different accessions of Brassica species were characterized with the ... more Genetic diversity among 120 different accessions of Brassica species were characterized with the help of SSR markers. These species include Brassica rapa, B. juncea and B. napus. 39 SSR primers were used and they produced 162 scorable bands in which 105 were polymorphic. The average rate of polymorphic loci was 46%, which indicates high genetic diversity among the accessions. The UPGMA cluster analysis revealed two main clusters and nine sub-clusters. From the gene pool of the collected Brassicas considerable variation was observed among the B. rapa accessions, which clearly differentiate the B. rapa of northern part of the country from the B. rapa of rest of the country. Groupings also reflected geographical similarities and suggested misidentification of certain accessions in the germplasm collection. Based on our study, SSR analysis proved to be a useful tool in assessing the genetic diversity of leafy Brassica germplasm.
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