Papers by muhammad ibrahim
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2015
To conduct a bibliometric analysis of the Original articles published in the Journal of Pakistan ... more To conduct a bibliometric analysis of the Original articles published in the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. The study was conducted in Peshawar and comprised all Original articles published in the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association between 2009 and2013. The articles were downloaded from the Journal website and bibliometric parameters were analysed. A total number of 913 Original articles were found in regular issues of the Journal, while leaving out six special supplements that were published during the period under study. The number of Original articles increased steadily from 148(16.2%) in 2009 to 214(23.4%) in 2013, In yearly terms, Original articles published each year ranged between 148 and 214; 510(55.9%) had 21-30 citations; 3-author contributions ranked the highest with 206(22.6%); 481(52.7%) authors were geographically affiliated to Sindh, Pakistan; Community Medicine was the most popular medical specialty with was 140(15.3%) articles; 17340(90.5%) citations ...
BMC infectious diseases, Jan 22, 2014
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major concern worldwide. It has been... more Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major concern worldwide. It has been recently feared that the blaTEM-1 gene is, via blaTEM-135, evolving into an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), which could degrade all cephalosporins including ceftriaxone. The aims of the present study were to characterize the blaTEM genes, types of β-lactamase plasmids, the degradation of ampicillin by TEM-135 compared to TEM-1, and to perform molecular epidemiological typing of β-lactamase-producing N. gonorrhoeae strains internationally. β-lactamase producing N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n = 139) cultured from 2000 to 2011 in 15 countries were examined using antibiograms, blaTEM gene sequencing, β-lactamase plasmid typing, and N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST). Furthermore, the blaTEM gene was sequenced in the first described Toronto plasmid (pJD7), one of the first Asian plasmids (pJD4) and African plasmids (pJD5) isolated in Canada. The degradation of ampicillin...
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2013
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health conc... more Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health concern worldwide. In Vietnam, knowledge regarding N. gonorrhoeae prevalence and AMR is limited, and data concerning genetic characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae is totally lacking. Herein, we investigated the phenotypic AMR (previous, current and possible future treatment options), genetic resistance determinants for extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), and genotypic distribution of N. gonorrhoeae isolated in 2011 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods: N. gonorrhoeae isolates from Hanoi, Vietnam isolated in 2011 (n = 108) were examined using antibiograms (Etest for 10 antimicrobials), Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), and sequencing of ESC resistance determinants (penA, mtrR and penB). Results: The levels of in vitro resistance were as follows: ciprofloxacin 98%, tetracycline 82%, penicillin G 48%, azithromycin 11%, ceftriaxone 5%, cefixime 1%, and spectinomycin 0%. The MICs of gentamicin (0.023-6 mg/L), ertapenem (0.002-0.125 mg/L) and solithromycin (<0.016-0.25 mg/L) were relatively low. No penA mosaic alleles were found, however, 78% of the isolates contained an alteration of amino acid A501 (A501V (44%) and A501T (34%)) in the encoded penicillin-binding protein 2. A single nucleotide (A) deletion in the inverted repeat of the promoter region of the mtrR gene and amino acid alterations in MtrR was observed in 91% and 94% of the isolates, respectively. penB resistance determinants were detected in 87% of the isolates. Seventy-five different NG-MAST STs were identified, of which 59 STs have not been previously described.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015
In recent years, copper (Cu) pollution in agricultural soils, due to arbitrary use of pesticides,... more In recent years, copper (Cu) pollution in agricultural soils, due to arbitrary use of pesticides, fungicides, industrial effluent and wastewater irrigation, present a major concern for sustainable agrifood production especially in developing countries. The world's major food requirement is fulfilled through agricultural food crops. The Cu-induced losses in growth and yield of food crops probably exceeds from all other causes of food safety and security threats. Here, we review the adverse effects of Cu excess on growth and yield of essential food crops. Numerous studies reported the Cuinduced growth inhibition, oxidative damage and antioxidant response in agricultural food crops such as wheat, rice, maize, sunflower and cucumber. This article also describes the toxic levels of Cu in crops that decreased plant growth and yield due to alterations in mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, enzyme activities and decrease in chlorophyll biosynthesis. The response of various crops to elevated Cu concentrations varies depending upon nature of crop and cultivars used. This review could be helpful to understand the Cu toxicity and the mechanism of its tolerance in food crops. We recommend that Cu-tolerant crops should be grown on Cu-contaminated soils in order to ameliorate the toxic effects for sustainable farming systems and to meet the food demands of the intensively increasing population.
Environmental Pollution, 2007
Although silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element both on the surface of the Earth's crus... more Although silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element both on the surface of the Earth's crust and in soils, it has not yet been listed among the essential elements for higher plants. However, the beneficial role of Si in stimulating the growth and development of many plant species has been generally recognized. Silicon is known to effectively mitigate various abiotic stresses such as manganese, aluminum and heavy metal toxicities, and salinity, drought, chilling and freezing stresses. However, mechanisms of Si-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses remain poorly understood. The key mechanisms of Si-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants include: (1) stimulation of antioxidant systems in plants, (2) complexation or co-precipitation of toxic metal ions with Si, (3) immobilization of toxic metal ions in growth media, (4) uptake processes, and (5) compartmentation of metal ions within plants. Future research needs for Si-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses are also discussed.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 2009
Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 296 K; mean (C-C) = 0.006 Å; disorder in main res... more Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 296 K; mean (C-C) = 0.006 Å; disorder in main residue; R factor = 0.024; wR factor = 0.059; data-to-parameter ratio = 16.0.
SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, 2009
Copyright 2009, Society of Petroleum Engineers This paper was prepared for presentation at the 20... more Copyright 2009, Society of Petroleum Engineers This paper was prepared for presentation at the 2009 SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry held in The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 2022 April 2009. This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE program ...
Growth and yield of wheat at different sowing dates (10 Nov., 25 Nov., 10 Dec.) with different pl... more Growth and yield of wheat at different sowing dates (10 Nov., 25 Nov., 10 Dec.) with different plant densities (200, 300 and 400 plants m -2 ) were analyzed in terms of solar radiation intercepted by the leaves during 1998-99 and 1999-2000. Leaf area index, radiation interception and biomass accumulation were measured throughout the growing seasons. The relationship between dry matter production and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was highly significant (r = 0.93**) and linear throughout the growing season for all treatments, and a common regression line (slope) represented a constant mean seasonal efficiency in the conversion of radiation into biomass. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was 3.65 g MJ -1 for the pooled data. Results showed that the highest yields were obtained from early (November) sowings and a plant density of 300 plants m -2 ; yield variations among treatments were caused by affecting both the amount of intercepted PAR and RUE.
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2011
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF …, 2005
... Alexieva &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Nikolov (1991) in soybean, Bhatnagar (1991) in chickpea, S... more ... Alexieva &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Nikolov (1991) in soybean, Bhatnagar (1991) in chickpea, Sarma et al., (1991) in green gram and Charumathi et al., (1992) in black gram. Varietal response of pods per plant was found to be different towards the two mutagenic treatments. In Noor 91 mutagenic ...
J. Agric. Res, 2006
Effect of different seed ratios of maize and cowpea on growth, yield and quality of maize fodder ... more Effect of different seed ratios of maize and cowpea on growth, yield and quality of maize fodder (Zea mays L.) was evaluated in the Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2001. The proportion of seeds of maize to cowpea was 100:0, 0:100, 50:50, 65:35, ...
Journal of Agricultural …, 2004
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sowing date and plant population on biomass... more This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sowing date and plant population on biomass, grain yield and components of yield. The early sowing (10 Nov.) gave higher grain yield over late sowing (10 Dec.) by 60.6%. Differences in grain yield between 10 Nov. and ...
Tropical Grasslands
Page 1. Tropical Grasslands (1995) Volume 29, 134-141 134 Pasture production, diet selection and ... more Page 1. Tropical Grasslands (1995) Volume 29, 134-141 134 Pasture production, diet selection and liveweight gains of cattle grazing Brachiaria brizantha with or without Arachis pintoi at two stocking rates in the Atlantic Zone ...
Livestock production systems and the tree component within them were characterised in La Fortuna,... more Livestock production systems and the tree component within them were characterised in La Fortuna, San Carlos, Costa Rica. Three types of production systems were observed: mixed (dairy and agriculture), dairy, and dual purpose (milk and meat). Milk productivity (kg ha -1 ) was highest for dairy farms. The area of pasture with trees was greater in dual purpose systems (74% of total area), predominantly timber trees. The timber tree species laurel (Cordia alliodora) was predominant in the pastures, although its density was low (11 trees ha -1 ). In specialised milk systems, a significantly high density of shade trees was found compared to the other systems, protecting exotic animal breeds from direct sun. No significant differences were observed between the systems in live fence tree species and the fence lengths covered per ha of pasture. The dual purpose system presented the greatest abundance of laurel with small diameters, assuring a sustainable natural regeneration of this species, and the greatest merchantable volume of laurel (2.21 m 3 ha -1 ). The greater abundance of laurel in the dual purpose system may be related to the fact that these livestock farmers try to reduce risk by diversifying farm production. The highest net present value (US$ 256.18 ha -1 ) was found in the dual purpose systems. The average income from milk production in all three systems contributed the most to the total gross income (49.8%), while the average income from wood only made a small contribution (1.02%). In the future the tree component could play a more important role in the cattle production systems of the region.
Improved tropical grasslands, silvopastoral and agroforestry systems are promising candidates to ... more Improved tropical grasslands, silvopastoral and agroforestry systems are promising candidates to increase carbon stocks in soil and biomass, but so far published proof with regard to soil carbon stocks is insufficient. Considerations about carbon turnover in the soil predict that measures that improve soil fertility would automatically be detrimental to carbon stocks. The only secure ways to increase soil carbon stocks seem to be 1) an increase in litter input into the soil, and 2) measures that increase carbon stock stability. Carbon stock stability primarily depends on litter chemistry: litter of desirable fodder crops is less chemically stable than litter that is less suitable for animal feed. Because humification (rather than mineralization) of litter is Íavored by contact with the mineral soil, mulching of litter is likely to contribute more to increasing soil carbon stocks than zero-tillage methods. Charcoal or char, generated in significant quantities by mild flres, is both the most stable fraction of soil carbon and the most ignored one. Repeated light burning of grasslands contributes significantly to stable soil carbon stocks.
A g r o f o r e s t e r í a e n l a s A m é r i c a s V o l . 1 0 N º 3 9 -4 0 2 0 0 3 Relaciones... more A g r o f o r e s t e r í a e n l a s A m é r i c a s V o l . 1 0 N º 3 9 -4 0 2 0 0 3 Relaciones entre la cobertura arbórea y el nivel de intensificación de las fincas ganaderas en Palabras claves: árboles dispersos; cercas vivas; intensificación; sistemas de producción; sistemas silvopastoriles.
Zootecnia Tropical
The tree cover in pastureland contribute to improve the animal productivity through reducing the ... more The tree cover in pastureland contribute to improve the animal productivity through reducing the heat stress, and also benefits the soil conservation and biodiversity. The objective of this study was to know the effects of tree crown cover on the availability of Brachiaria brizantha grass. A census of trees in 53 plots was taken out and there were selected the 12 most abundant in pastureland for monitoring the grass availability under the canopy and in open pasture. Also, there was determined the relationship between tree cover and grass availability. Beneath canopy the grass availability showed reductions between 4 and 97% when compared to open pasture, except for Acrocomia aculeata specie which was higher under canopy (9%). The grass availability was reduced according to increasing the tree crown cover in pastureland. It is concluded that grass availability under tree canopy varied among species and there was a good negative relationship between crown cover percentage and grass av...
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Papers by muhammad ibrahim