Papers by mohamed abdelfattah
Water
Recently, groundwater resources in Egypt have become one of the important sources to meet human n... more Recently, groundwater resources in Egypt have become one of the important sources to meet human needs and activities, especially in coastal areas such as the western area of Port Said, where seawater desalination cannot be used due to the problem of oil spill and the reliance upon groundwater resources. Thus, the purpose of the study is the sustainable management of the groundwater resources in the coastal aquifer entailing groundwater abstraction. In this regard, the Visual MODFLOW and SEAWAT codes were used to simulate groundwater flow and seawater intrusion in the study area for 50 years (from 2018 to 2068) to predict the drawdown, as well as the salinity distribution due to the pumping of the wells on the groundwater coastal aquifer based on field investigation data and numerical modelling. Different well scenarios were used, such as the change in well abstraction rate, the different numbers of abstraction wells, the spacing between the abstraction wells and the change in screen...
2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
Less than 35% of recyclable waste is being actually recycled in the US [2], which leads to increa... more Less than 35% of recyclable waste is being actually recycled in the US [2], which leads to increased soil and sea pollution and is one of the major concerns of environmental researchers as well as the common public. At the heart of the problem are the inefficiencies of the waste sorting process (separating paper, plastic, metal, glass, etc.) due to the extremely complex and cluttered nature of the waste stream. Recyclable waste detection poses a unique computer vision challenge as it requires detection of highly deformable and often translucent objects in cluttered scenes without the kind of context information usually present in human-centric datasets. This challenging computer vision task currently lacks suitable datasets or methods in the available literature. In this paper, we take a step towards computer-aided waste detection and present the first inthe-wild industrial-grade waste detection and segmentation dataset, ZeroWaste. We believe that ZeroWaste will catalyze research in object detection and semantic segmentation in extreme clutter as well as applications in the recycling domain.
Source code of paper "Logic Shrinkage: Learned FPGA Netlist Sparsity for Efficient Neural Ne... more Source code of paper "Logic Shrinkage: Learned FPGA Netlist Sparsity for Efficient Neural Network Inference" submitted to FPGA'22 for artefact evaluation.
Egyptian Dental Journal, 2018
Objective: This study assessed the influence of titanium oxide nanofiller incorporation into MDX4... more Objective: This study assessed the influence of titanium oxide nanofiller incorporation into MDX4-4210 maxillofacial silicone regarding biomechanical changes. Methods: Nano titanium oxide powder (P25, Degussa, Germany) was mixed to hightemperature-vulcanized (HTV) silicone (MDX4-4210, Dow Corning, USA) at 0.2 wt%. For testing the cytotoxicity, two groups of silicone specimens, ten specimens each were prepared. Group A: Blank MDX4-4210 silicone (control group); Group B: Nano titanium oxide powder was added to MDX4-4210 silicone; each group was assessed after 24, 48, and 72 hours. For testing mechanical properties 60 specimens were prepared, 20 for testing tear strength, 20 for testing ultimate tensile strength, and 20 for testing hardness. Each group was subdivided into two identical categories: (I) 10 control specimens without nano-titanium oxide, and (II) 10 experimental specimens with nanotitanium oxide powder. The specimens were assessed and one way (ANOVA) test was utilized to analyze the data. Results: After 24-hour, in the control groups, the cytotoxicity values were higher than those of titanium oxide nanofiller group. There were marked improvements in the mean values of all the tested mechanical properties Conclusion: incorporating nano-titanium oxide particles improves the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of MDX4-4210 maxillofacial silicone materials.
Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, 2022
FPGA-specific DNN architectures using the native LUTs as independently trainable inference operat... more FPGA-specific DNN architectures using the native LUTs as independently trainable inference operators have been shown to achieve favorable area-accuracy and energy-accuracy tradeoffs. The first work in this area, LUTNet, exhibited state-of-the-art performance for standard DNN benchmarks. In this paper, we propose the learned optimization of such LUT-based topologies, resulting in higher-efficiency designs than via the direct use of off-the-shelf, hand-designed networks. Existing implementations of this class of architecture require the manual specification of the number of inputs per LUT,. Choosing appropriate a priori is challenging, and doing so at even high granularity, e.g. per layer, is a time-consuming and error-prone process that leaves FPGAs' spatial flexibility underexploited. Furthermore, prior works see LUT inputs connected randomly, which does not guarantee a good choice of network topology. To address these issues, we propose logic shrinkage, a fine-grained netlist pruning methodology enabling to be automatically learned for every LUT in a neural network targeted for FPGA inference. By removing LUT inputs determined to be of low importance, our method increases the efficiency of the resultant accelerators. Our GPU-friendly solution to LUT input removal is capable of processing large topologies during their training with negligible slowdown. With logic shrinkage, we better the area and energy efficiency of the best-performing LUTNet implementation of the CNV network classifying CIFAR-10 by 1.54× and 1.31×, respectively, while matching its accuracy. This implementation also reaches 2.71× the area efficiency of an equally accurate, heavily pruned BNN. On ImageNet with the Bi-Real Net architecture, employment of logic shrinkage results in a post-synthesis area reduction of 2.67× vs LUTNet, allowing for implementation that was previously impossible on today's largest FPGAs.
Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, 2019
The great challenge to study the application involving large deformations is a choice of suitable... more The great challenge to study the application involving large deformations is a choice of suitable constitutive law to simulate the soil response during installation of displacement piles. Considering, the nonlinear response, stress history, stress pass and the hardening/softening behavior for constitutive law assess to achieve the realistic behavior of piles during installation. In this study, the large deformations response associated with pile jacking are considered using a novel numerical approach which it calls coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method (CEL). The used constitutive laws in study herein are partly based on elastoplastic theory while the other based on hypoplastic theory. Mohr-Coulomb and Cap plasticity constitutive law based on elastoplastic theory are adopted, while the Hypoplastic constitutive law formulated by Von Wolffersdorff was implemented using a material subroutine (VUMAT). The used constitutive laws are firstly calibrated with database of Hostun sand to simulate the jacking pile and investigate the response of pile using the corresponding constitutive law. Secondly, using the results of laboratory-scale at purdue university for jacking of pile into silica sand of #2Q-ROK are compared with numerical results to investigate the more realistic constitutive law with geotechnical applications involving large deformations such as jacking pile into sandy soil.
This thesis presents a comprehensive test generation framework for FPGA logic elements and interc... more This thesis presents a comprehensive test generation framework for FPGA logic elements and interconnects. It is based on and extends the current state-of-the-art. The purpose of FPGA testing in this work is to achieve reliable reconfiguration for a FPGA-based runtime reconfigurable system. A pre-configuration test is performed on a portion of the FPGA before it is reconfigured as part of the system to ensure that the FPGA fabric is fault-free. The implementation platform is the Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA family. Existing literature in FPGA testing is evaluated and reviewed thoroughly. The various approaches are compared against one another qualitatively and the approach most suitable to the target platform is chosen. The array testing method is employed in testing the FPGA logic for its low hardware overhead and optimal test time. All tests are additionally pipelined to reduce test application time and use a high test clock frequency. A hybrid fault model including both structural and fun...
MultiScience - XXXIII. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference, 2019
This work is focused on studying the effect of firing on physico-mechanical, and expansion proper... more This work is focused on studying the effect of firing on physico-mechanical, and expansion properties and mineral phases of expanded clay minerals. Samples were collected from Mályi quarry Miskolc, Hungary. They were characterized by XRF, XRD, and SEM microscopy. Expansion properties of the different clay samples were measured by heating microscope. Compressive strength and bulk density of specimens were measured according to relating standards. Results showed that changing in mineral phase had great effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the lightweight aggregates, especially the mullite mineral enhanced the mechanical properties of the aggregates after firing.
The Lancet Global Health, 2021
Summary Background Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high... more Summary Background Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high as the global average. Most of these deaths occur on hospital wards after the surgery itself. We aimed to assess whether enhanced postoperative surveillance of adult surgical patients at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality in Africa could reduce 30-day in-hospital mortality. Methods We did a two-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised trial of hospitals (clusters) across Africa. Hospitals were eligible if they provided surgery with an overnight postoperative admission. Hospitals were randomly assigned through minimisation in recruitment blocks (1:1) to provide patients with either a package of enhanced postoperative surveillance interventions (admitting the patient to higher care ward, increasing the frequency of postoperative nursing observations, assigning the patient to a bed in view of the nursing station, allowing family members to stay in the ward, and placing a postoperative surveillance guide at the bedside) for those at high risk (ie, with African Surgical Outcomes Study Surgical Risk Calculator scores ≥10) and usual care for those at low risk (intervention group), or for all patients to receive usual postoperative care (control group). Health-care providers and participants were not masked, but data assessors were. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality of patients at low and high risk, measured at the participant level. All analyses were done as allocated (by cluster) in all patients with available data. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03853824. Findings Between May 3, 2019, and July 27, 2020, 594 eligible hospitals indicated a desire to participate across 33 African countries; 332 (56%) were able to recruit participants and were included in analyses. We allocated 160 hospitals (13 275 patients) to provide enhanced postoperative surveillance and 172 hospitals (15 617 patients) to provide standard care. The mean age of participants was 37·1 years (SD 15·5) and 20 039 (69·4%) of 28 892 patients were women. 30-day in-hospital mortality occurred in 169 (1·3%) of 12 970 patients with mortality data in the intervention group and in 193 (1·3%) of 15 242 patients with mortality data in the control group (relative risk 0·96, 95% CI 0·69–1·33; p=0·79). 45 (0·2%) of 22 031 patients at low risk and 309 (5·6%) of 5500 patients at high risk died. No harms associated with either intervention were reported. Interpretation This intervention package did not decrease 30-day in-hospital mortality among surgical patients in Africa at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality. Further research is needed to develop interventions that prevent death from surgical complications in resource-limited hospitals across Africa. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists. Translations For the Arabic, French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
SUMMARYBackgroundREGEN-COV is a combination of 2 monoclonal antibodies (casirivimab and imdevimab... more SUMMARYBackgroundREGEN-COV is a combination of 2 monoclonal antibodies (casirivimab and imdevimab) that bind to two different sites on the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of REGEN-COV in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.MethodsIn this randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial, several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus a single dose of REGEN-COV 8g (casirivimab 4g and imdevimab 4g) by intravenous infusion (REGEN-COV group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality assessed first among patients without detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at randomisation (seronegative) and then in the overall population. The trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) andclinicaltrials.gov(NCT04381936).FindingsBetween 18 S...
The Lancet, 2021
Background Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunom... more Background Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatory actions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once per day by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatment groups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment and were twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants and local study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to the outcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) were eligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was 65•3 years (SD 15•7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomly allocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall, 561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio 0•97, 95% CI 0•87-1•07; p=0•50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median 10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days (rate ratio 1•04, 95% CI 0•98-1•10; p=0•19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, no significant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (risk ratio 0•95, 95% CI 0•87-1•03; p=0•24). Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restricted to patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication.
The Lancet, 2021
Background In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tocilizumab in adult patients admit... more Background In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tocilizumab in adult patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 with both hypoxia and systemic inflammation. Methods This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. Those trial participants with hypoxia (oxygen saturation <92% on air or requiring oxygen therapy) and evidence of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein ≥75 mg/L) were eligible for random assignment in a 1:1 ratio to usual standard of care alone versus usual standard of care plus tocilizumab at a dose of 400 mg-800 mg (depending on weight) given intravenously. A second dose could be given 12-24 h later if the patient's condition had not improved. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04381936).
Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research, 2019
Heliomycin (1) was isolated from the culture broth of actinomycete AB5. The structure of the isol... more Heliomycin (1) was isolated from the culture broth of actinomycete AB5. The structure of the isolated compound (1) was characterized by spectroscopic methods including NMR and mass spectrometry data. The influence of cultural parameters affecting the production of biomass including different culture media, pH values, temperatures, and incubation periods was investigated. The maximum production of secondary metabolites (2.78 g/l) was found in the culture medium of Waksman at initial pH 7.5 for four days at 35ºC. The antimicrobial activity of heliomycin (1) was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi.
Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2020
In this paper, a silhouette-free and crosstalk-free multiple-color-image cryptosystem is presente... more In this paper, a silhouette-free and crosstalk-free multiple-color-image cryptosystem is presented based on unequal modulus decomposition (UMD) in the gyrator transform (GT) domains. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the use of cascaded GT, UMD, and inverse-GT operations is demonstrated which features fourorders-of-magnitude higher sensitivity relative to the known GT-UMD cryptosystems. This significantly enlarges its key space. It is demonstrated that this method eliminates the silhouette and cross-talk problems which are well-known in previous interference-based and multiple-image cryptosystems. The polarization and time degrees of freedom (DoFs) are harnessed to realize the proposed cryptosystem using a compact optical system. Also for more compactness, the inverse-GT operation is performed by propagating the beam carrying the image in the reverse direction through the optical GT system. The cryptosystem is verified robust against occlusion, noise, statistical attacks, as well as the chosen-plaintext attack. The quality of the output images is found unaffected by the number of encrypted images which offers ultimately high multiplexing capacity.
Al-Azhar Journal of Dental Science, 2018
Introduction: Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) has been used for treating hyperfunction of various gland... more Introduction: Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) has been used for treating hyperfunction of various glands such as sweat, lacrimal, and salivary glands. However, the long-term histological sequences are largely unknown. Objectives: The present study is to evaluate the histological and ultrastructural effects of BoNTA on submandibular salivary gland (SSG). Methods: Sixty male albino rats received 0.1 ml of either saline (control group) or BoNTA (BoNTA group) injection in the right SSGs. The rats were terminated at 2, 4 and 12 weeks after the injection. The harvested SSGs were embedded and sectioned at 4-5µm and stained with H&E for histological study. Results: All control SSGs showed normal acinar cells with rounded nuclei and regular striated ducts (SD) with characteristic basal striations. Compared with these features, 2-week BoNTA-injected SSGs showed loss of spherical fashion and basal striations in serous acini and SD respectively, and the cell boundaries were not clear. In 4-week SSGs, some acini and ducts lost their spherical fashion and, in some areas, these structures disappeared. However, all 12-week BoNTA-injected SSGs seemed to have similar structures to those of control SSGs. By using scoring system for semi-quantifying the histological structural changes of BoNTA-injected SSGs, 2-and 4-week BoNTA-injected SSGs showed significantly higher scores as compared with their control counterparts. However, no significant score differences were found between 12-week BoNTA-injected and control SSGs. Conclusions: Although application of BoNTA results in significant changes in histological structures of SSGs, these detrimental effects seems to be transient, and the major recovery occurs after 3 months. Thus, BoNTA can be used for treating SSG hyperfunction.
International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 2019
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different attachment systems ... more Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different attachment systems on the retention and implant stability of implant-retained mandibular overdenture. Materials and methods: Fourteen completely edentulous patients with age ranged from 47 to 65 years planned to receive conventional complete denture. Following the treatment protocol, each patient received two implants in the mandibular anterior region and after insurance of the osseointegration, the patients were randomly divided into two groups; group I received ball /O-Ring attachment and group II received locator attachment. The retention of two groups was assessed by the digital forcemeter at three times (T); (T0) retention of the conventional complete denture, (T1) at time of insertion of implant retained mandibular overdenture and (T3) retention after three months of insertion of implant retained mandibular overdenture. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was done using magnetic resonance frequency analyzer (Osstell, ISQ) at the time of loading then after 3 and 6 months. Results: The retention values before the insertion of overdenture (T0) were considerably low in comparison with those at time of insertion of overdenture (T1) and after three months from denture insertion (T3). Regarding the ISQ values, there was no significant difference between the two groups before and at the time of insertion of the implant while there was a significant difference between the two groups with better stability results in the locator attachment group after three months (p <0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, both types of attachment systems; ball / O-ring and locator attachments, are reliable modalities for improving the retention and stability of implant retained mandibular overdenture with superior initial stability results for the locator attachment.
International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 2018
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cyclic loading on screws attaching four di... more Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cyclic loading on screws attaching four different abutments to internally connected implants. Materials and methods: Four groups (seven implants each) of dissimilar abutments: Straumann solid abutment (group I), southern implants solid abutment (group II), implant direct straight abutment (group III), and Blue Sky Bio regular platform abutment (group IV). Abutments were connected to Straumann tissue-level implants. Each implant was rigidly secured in a stainless steel cylindrical jig. A torque controller was used to tighten the abutments at 35 Ncm. A 150 N cyclic load for 1 million cycles was applied to the implant at a 30° angle to the long axis to the implants. Periotest values (PTVs) were measured before and after cyclic loading and a digital torque gauge was used to detect the removal torque values (RTVs) of abutments. The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS statistical software. Kruskal-Wallis tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare RTVs and PTVs after application of equal loads for each group. The Spearman correlation coefficient was applied to compare RTVs and PTVs after loading. Results: The Straumann solid abutment and the southern implants abutment showed no mechanical failures. Screws fracture was noted in nearly 85% of implant direct abutment, and 55% of the Blue Sky Bio abutments. The final mean PTV of the Blue Sky Bio abutments, the southern implants, and implant direct straight abutment was considerably higher than the final mean PTVs of Straumann solid abutment. The initial mean PTV (-4.36 ± 0.47) was lower than the final mean PTV (4.85 ± 5.58). The Straumann solid abutment RTVs values were considerably higher than that of the other abutments. Conclusion: Abutments from the different manufacturers have different physical and chemical characteristics so there will be a potential risk of mechanical failure when the interchangeable abutments are used.
International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 2017
Sentiment Analysis (SA) or Opinion Mining is the process of analysing natural language texts to d... more Sentiment Analysis (SA) or Opinion Mining is the process of analysing natural language texts to detect an emotion or a pattern of emotions towards a certain product to make a decision about that product. SA is a topic of text mining, Natural Language Processing (NLP) and web mining disciplines. Research in SA is currently at its peak given the amount of data generated from social media networks. The concept is that consumers are expressing exactly what they need, want and expect from a product but on the other hand the companies don’t have the tools to analyse and understand these feelings to satisfy these consumers accordingly. One of the applications that generate a high rate of reactions and sentiments in social networks is Instagram. This study focuses on analysing the reactions generated by the top 50 fashion houses on Instagram given their top 20 images with the highest number of likes. The approach taken in this study is to qualify the visual aesthetics of fashion images and ...
Studies in Informatics and Control, 2015
In this paper, a novel binarization approach based on neutrosophic sets and sauvola's approach is... more In this paper, a novel binarization approach based on neutrosophic sets and sauvola's approach is presented. This approach is used for historical Arabic manuscript images which have problems with types of noise. The input RGB image is changed into the NS domain, which is shown using three subsets, namely, the percentage of indeterminacy in a subset, the percentage of falsity in a subset and the percentage of truth in a subset. The entropy in NS is used for evaluating the indeterminacy with the most important operation "λ mean" operation in order to minimize indeterminacy which can be used to reduce noise. Finally, the manuscript is binarized using an adaptive thresholding technique. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that it preserves weak connections and provides smooth and continuous strokes. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated both objectively and subjectively against standard databases and manually collected data base. The proposed method gives high results compared with other famous binarization approaches.
Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, 2015
An experiment was conducted to assess the use of low power laser irradiation and lipofectin to en... more An experiment was conducted to assess the use of low power laser irradiation and lipofectin to enhance fowl sperm uptake of exogenous DNA. Semen samples of 10 roosters were collected and pooled. The pooled sample was diluted with a semen extender and then divided into 6 aliquots for 6 different treatments. The treatments included different combinations of the inclusion of exogenous DNA (bacterial plasmid pUC18), the exposure to low power laser irradiation and the transfection with lipofectin (5%). Laser irradiation was by using visible diode laser (650 nm) at energy dose of 4 J/cm 2. The recognition of the plasmid DNA in the sperm was by using two specific oligonucleotides (forward and reverse) to prime a 420-bp fragment on the pMB1 rep of the plasmid. The results indicated that low power laser irradiation enhanced the sperm uptake of the plasmid DNA. Also, lipofectin enhanced the introduction of the plasmid DNAinto the sperm, whether the semen was laser irradiated or not.
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Papers by mohamed abdelfattah