Papers by martin m rwabilimbo
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disease is a common opportunistic infection among people living wit... more Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disease is a common opportunistic infection among people living with HIV (PLHIV). WHO recommends at least six months of isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) to reduce the risk of active TB. It is important to monitor completion of IPT, as a suboptimal dose may not protect PLHIV from TB infection. This study determined IPT completion and its determinants among PLHIV aged 15 years or more in Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania. Methods: A Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using secondary analysis of routine data from 58 care and treatment clinics in Dar es Salaam region. The study recruited clients who screened negative for TB symptoms and initiated IPT between January 2013 and June 2017. Modified Poisson regression model with robust standard errors were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for factors associated with IPT completion. Multilevel analysis was used to account the health facility random effects in ord...
PLoS ONE, 2021
Background Postpartum contraceptive use is vital to improve maternal and child survival. It helps... more Background Postpartum contraceptive use is vital to improve maternal and child survival. It helps to have optimal child spacing, prevent unplanned pregnancies and associated adverse birth outcomes. However, postpartum contraceptive use in Tanzania remains low. Short median interval for resumption to sex after birth among African women has been associated with adverse maternal and child health wellbeing. This study aimed to assess optimal time to contraceptive use and predictors of time to contraceptive use after birth among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. Methods A cross section study using the TDHS 2015–16 data was used. A total of 3775 postpartum women were analyzed. Information on pregnancy, births and contraceptive use were recorded over the previous 5 years with the focus on most recent birth from the contraceptive calendar. Data analysis was performed using Stata 14.0. Analysis accounted for complex survey design. Time to modern contraceptive use after birth was compute...
Open Journal of Ophthalmology
Background: Glaucoma is a serious public health problem since it causes visual impairment impacti... more Background: Glaucoma is a serious public health problem since it causes visual impairment impacting social, mental and physical health of an individual. Diagnosis and management of glaucoma continue to be a challenge due to few qualified personnel and high cost of the equipment. The use of portable Eye Examination Kit such as Smartphone and tablets can be used in glaucoma screening for taking high-resolution fundus photos for optic disc and visual field parameters, respectively. This study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of mobile electronic device to detect optic disc and visual field parameters for glaucoma in a resource limited setting. Objective: To evaluate the applicability of mobile electronic devices to detect optic disc and visual field parameters for glaucoma. Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted at KCMC Eye department from October 2018 to June 2019. Study included 140 participants attending eye clinic of which 67 had glaucoma and 73 without glaucoma. Clinical and socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using Stata 15. Glaucoma examination was made on the right eye and photo comparison made between those with and without glaucoma. PEEK Smartphone fundus photo examination was compared with the gold standard machine (Slit Lamp Biomicroscopy), Amsler grid chart installed on a tablet (Microsoft surface, internal storage 256 GB, 2013) and contrast sensitivity compared with Humphrey field analyser (i series, model 740117434, Carl Zeiss Meditec). Results: The kappa (k) agreement between Slit lump biomicroscopy fundus view image and PEEK Smartphone concerning the optic disc measurement was 0.
PLOS ONE
Conclusion Modern contraceptive use has steadily increased in Tanzania. Health policies and inter... more Conclusion Modern contraceptive use has steadily increased in Tanzania. Health policies and interventions need to target sexually active women, rural residents as well as less educated women and men to maintain and further accelerate the trends in mCPR. Interventions focusing on women who experienced a termination of pregnancy may also serve as an entry point to promote use of modern contraceptive methods.
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) is among major health problems which impact the socio econ... more Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) is among major health problems which impact the socio economic burden globally. We aimed at assessing the susceptibility pattern of antimicrobials in DFU infections among patients admitted in the surgical department at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC).Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 through March 2019. Pus swabs were collected on the first day of admission by deep wound swabbing after irrigation with normal saline solution. Kirby-Bauer method was done according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Results: Sixty diabetic ulcer patients had 62 bacterial isolates. Majority of the isolates were gram negative 49/62 (79.03%). The most common isolate was Escherichia coli 15/62 (24.19%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14/62 (22.58%), Proteus mirabilis 8/62 (12.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus 5/62 (8.06%). Klebsiella pneumoniae, coagulase negative Staphylococcu...
PLoS ONE, 2021
Background Postpartum contraceptive use is vital to improve maternal and child survival. It helps... more Background Postpartum contraceptive use is vital to improve maternal and child survival. It helps to have optimal child spacing, prevent unplanned pregnancies and associated adverse birth outcomes. However, postpartum contraceptive use in Tanzania remains low. Short median interval for resumption to sex after birth among African women has been associated with adverse maternal and child health wellbeing. This study aimed to assess optimal time to contraceptive use and predictors of time to contraceptive use after birth among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. Methods A cross section study using the TDHS 2015–16 data was used. A total of 3775 postpartum women were analyzed. Information on pregnancy, births and contraceptive use were recorded over the previous 5 years with the focus on most recent birth from the contraceptive calendar. Data analysis was performed using Stata 14.0. Analysis accounted for complex survey design. Time to modern contraceptive use after birth was compute...
Time interval to modern contraceptive use following child birth among reproductive women in Tanzania: Evidence from Tanzania Demographic Health Survey2015/16, 2019
Background: Postpartum contraceptive use is vital to improve maternal and child survival. It help... more Background: Postpartum contraceptive use is vital to improve maternal and child survival. It helps to have desired family size, optimal child spacing, prevent unplanned pregnancies and associated adverse birth outcomes. However, postpartum contraceptive use in Tanzania is still low as 28% a year after birth. Only 49% of Tanzanian women adhere to recommended optimal birth interval. Previous studies also have reported that short median interval for resumption to sex after birth among African women may affect maternal and child health wellbeing. This study aimed to assess optimal time to contraceptive use and predictors of time to contraceptive use after birth among women of reproductive age in Tanzania.
Methods: A cross section study using the TDHS 2015-16 data was used. A total of 4127 postpartum women were extracted where information on pregnancy, births and contraceptive use were recorded over the previous 5 years with the focus on most recent birth from the contraceptive calendar.. Data analysis using Stata 14.0 accounted for complex survey design and weighting. Descriptive statistics were summarized where Time to modern contraceptive use after birth was computed using Kaplan Meier estimate. Both crude and adjusted time ratios with 95% CI were estimated using Weibull accelerated failure time models. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistical significantly.
Results: A total weighted sample of 3775 women was analyzed whereby majority had 25-29 years (21.50%). Two third resided in rural areas while mostly were from Lake Zone (19.62%).The median time to contraceptive use after birth and resumption of sex were 7(IQR 4-13) and 2(IQR:1-5) months respectively. It was longer among unmarried than married counterparts 12.5(IQR: 6-19) versus 9(IQR: 4-14.5) months, respectively. After adjusted analysis with weibull AFT model, never been married (TR: 1.63; 95%CI: 1.26-2.11) and breastfeeding (TR: 5.50; 95%CI: 4.12-7.35) predicted expected longer time to postpartum modern contraceptive. Also belonging to richest wealth quintile (TR: 0.73; 95%CI: 0.54-0.99) and adopting long acting methods (TR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.60-0.82) predicted expected shorter time to postpartum modern contraceptive use.
Conclusion: There was a time lag of five months from resumption of sex and initiation of postpartum modern contraception for majority implied delay in uptake of PPFP. The interceptive measures to facilitate timely availing methods of their choice, efforts to close the gap on zonal variations, economic empowerment and promotion of utilization of maternal health care services as may reduce delays in use of PPFP
Time interval to modern contraceptive use following child birth among reproductive women in Tanzania: Evidence from Tanzania Demographic Health Survey2015/16
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Papers by martin m rwabilimbo
Methods: A cross section study using the TDHS 2015-16 data was used. A total of 4127 postpartum women were extracted where information on pregnancy, births and contraceptive use were recorded over the previous 5 years with the focus on most recent birth from the contraceptive calendar.. Data analysis using Stata 14.0 accounted for complex survey design and weighting. Descriptive statistics were summarized where Time to modern contraceptive use after birth was computed using Kaplan Meier estimate. Both crude and adjusted time ratios with 95% CI were estimated using Weibull accelerated failure time models. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistical significantly.
Results: A total weighted sample of 3775 women was analyzed whereby majority had 25-29 years (21.50%). Two third resided in rural areas while mostly were from Lake Zone (19.62%).The median time to contraceptive use after birth and resumption of sex were 7(IQR 4-13) and 2(IQR:1-5) months respectively. It was longer among unmarried than married counterparts 12.5(IQR: 6-19) versus 9(IQR: 4-14.5) months, respectively. After adjusted analysis with weibull AFT model, never been married (TR: 1.63; 95%CI: 1.26-2.11) and breastfeeding (TR: 5.50; 95%CI: 4.12-7.35) predicted expected longer time to postpartum modern contraceptive. Also belonging to richest wealth quintile (TR: 0.73; 95%CI: 0.54-0.99) and adopting long acting methods (TR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.60-0.82) predicted expected shorter time to postpartum modern contraceptive use.
Conclusion: There was a time lag of five months from resumption of sex and initiation of postpartum modern contraception for majority implied delay in uptake of PPFP. The interceptive measures to facilitate timely availing methods of their choice, efforts to close the gap on zonal variations, economic empowerment and promotion of utilization of maternal health care services as may reduce delays in use of PPFP
Time interval to modern contraceptive use following child birth among reproductive women in Tanzania: Evidence from Tanzania Demographic Health Survey2015/16
Methods: A cross section study using the TDHS 2015-16 data was used. A total of 4127 postpartum women were extracted where information on pregnancy, births and contraceptive use were recorded over the previous 5 years with the focus on most recent birth from the contraceptive calendar.. Data analysis using Stata 14.0 accounted for complex survey design and weighting. Descriptive statistics were summarized where Time to modern contraceptive use after birth was computed using Kaplan Meier estimate. Both crude and adjusted time ratios with 95% CI were estimated using Weibull accelerated failure time models. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistical significantly.
Results: A total weighted sample of 3775 women was analyzed whereby majority had 25-29 years (21.50%). Two third resided in rural areas while mostly were from Lake Zone (19.62%).The median time to contraceptive use after birth and resumption of sex were 7(IQR 4-13) and 2(IQR:1-5) months respectively. It was longer among unmarried than married counterparts 12.5(IQR: 6-19) versus 9(IQR: 4-14.5) months, respectively. After adjusted analysis with weibull AFT model, never been married (TR: 1.63; 95%CI: 1.26-2.11) and breastfeeding (TR: 5.50; 95%CI: 4.12-7.35) predicted expected longer time to postpartum modern contraceptive. Also belonging to richest wealth quintile (TR: 0.73; 95%CI: 0.54-0.99) and adopting long acting methods (TR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.60-0.82) predicted expected shorter time to postpartum modern contraceptive use.
Conclusion: There was a time lag of five months from resumption of sex and initiation of postpartum modern contraception for majority implied delay in uptake of PPFP. The interceptive measures to facilitate timely availing methods of their choice, efforts to close the gap on zonal variations, economic empowerment and promotion of utilization of maternal health care services as may reduce delays in use of PPFP
Time interval to modern contraceptive use following child birth among reproductive women in Tanzania: Evidence from Tanzania Demographic Health Survey2015/16