MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and play a role in the pathogenesis of human type 2 d... more MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and play a role in the pathogenesis of human type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated whether miRNA expression profiles differ between healthy and diabetic cats. Total RNA was extracted from sera of healthy lean cats, newly diagnosed diabetic cats and cats in diabetic remission. Microarrays representing 1079 mouse miRNA targets were used to measure miRNA expression in serum samples from eight healthy lean and seven newly diagnosed diabetic cats; 227 distinct miRNAs could be detected. Nineteen miRNAs were differentially expressed in newly diagnosed diabetic cats compared to healthy lean cats, with a false discovery rate of 10%. Hierarchical cluster analysis of these 19 miRNAs grouped healthy lean and newly diagnosed diabetic cats into separate clusters. After correction for multiple testing, only miR-122 and miR-193b reached statistical significance (P < 0.05), with a false discovery rate of 1%. Specific quantitative real-time PCR assays for three target miRNAs (miR-122, miR-193b and miR-483 Ã) were applied to four samples from each of the three groups. miR-122 expression was >40-fold higher in newly diagnosed diabetic cats compared to healthy lean cats and cats in diabetic remission, whereas miR-193b showed >14-fold higher expression. MiR-483 Ã was expressed sixfold higher in newly diagnosed diabetic cats compared to both other groups.
Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic mosquito-borne Flavivirus, mainly ... more Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic mosquito-borne Flavivirus, mainly prevalent in Asia. It is the most important causative agent of acute viral encephalitis in humans. Recently, micro RNAs are discovered as a key regulator of inflammatory and immune responses in various diseases including neurological and viral infections. Thus, this study was proposed to check whether changes in cellular miRNA expression due to JE virus infection, can be detected in circulation which would be helpful in diagnosis and treatment. Methods: miRNAs (miR-29b and miR-146a) were analyzed in the serum of JEV infected patients using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: miR-146a was found significantly decreased (p = 0.0008) in JEV infected patients as compared to healthy controls whereas miR-29b was significantly increased (p = 0.001) in JEV patients recovered with neurological sequelae when compared to those recovered without sequelae. Conclusion: In conclusion, miRNA can be measured in serum. Studying microRNAs will provide novel information and help us to identify the components that can serve as biomarkers and can lead to new discovery in controlling disease recovery.
Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is most important cause of viral encephalitis worldw... more Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is most important cause of viral encephalitis worldwide. The pathogenesis of this is probably attributed to the host genetic makeup. Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and monocytes chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) play a vital role in host defense mechanism against flavivirus causing encephalitis. We assessed the possible genetic association between ICAM‐1 (K469E) and MCP‐1‐2518 A > G polymorphisms and Japanese Encephalitis in North Indian population. Methods We studied ICAM‐1(K469E) and MCP‐1‐2518 A > G polymorphisms with the help of polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis. Expression of ICAM‐1 and MCP‐1 were determined at mRNA and protein levels in JE patients and healthy controls by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Homozygous (E/E) genotype of ICAM‐1 was associated with clinical severity (p = 0.015) and outcome (p = 0.04) of JE, whereas, heterozygous (A/G) genotype of MCP‐1‐2518 A > G was associated with outcome in JE patients (p = 0.01). Among severe cases of JE, a higher level of ICAM‐1 was observed in patients with E allele (E/K + E/E) of ICAM‐1 (K469E) than non‐E allele (K/K). The level of MCP‐1 was found significantly increased in JE patients with homozygous (G/G) genotype when compared to wild (A/A) genotype of MCP‐1‐2518 A > G (p = 0.03). Conclusion ICAM‐1 (K469E) and MCP‐1‐2518 A > G polymorphisms lead to increased level of ICAM‐1 and MCP‐1 in Japanese Encephalitis which may be associated with severity as well as an adverse outcome of the disease. ICAM‐1 (K469E) polymorphism may affect host susceptibility to Japanese encephalitis in North Indian population. HighlightsHomozygous genotype of ICAM‐1 increases the risk for JE virus infection in India.Homozygous genotype of ICAM‐1 was associated with disease severity and bad recovery.ICAM‐1 was highly expressed in severe JE patients with E allele than non‐E allele.Heterozygous genotype of MCP‐1 was significantly associated with bad recovery in JE.Homozygous genotype of MCP‐1 was associated with increased expression of MCP‐1. Graphical abstract Figure. No caption available.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and play a role in the pathogenesis of human type 2 d... more MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and play a role in the pathogenesis of human type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated whether miRNA expression profiles differ between healthy and diabetic cats. Total RNA was extracted from sera of healthy lean cats, newly diagnosed diabetic cats and cats in diabetic remission. Microarrays representing 1079 mouse miRNA targets were used to measure miRNA expression in serum samples from eight healthy lean and seven newly diagnosed diabetic cats; 227 distinct miRNAs could be detected. Nineteen miRNAs were differentially expressed in newly diagnosed diabetic cats compared to healthy lean cats, with a false discovery rate of 10%. Hierarchical cluster analysis of these 19 miRNAs grouped healthy lean and newly diagnosed diabetic cats into separate clusters. After correction for multiple testing, only miR-122 and miR-193b reached statistical significance (P < 0.05), with a false discovery rate of 1%. Specific quantitative real-time PCR assays for three target miRNAs (miR-122, miR-193b and miR-483 Ã) were applied to four samples from each of the three groups. miR-122 expression was >40-fold higher in newly diagnosed diabetic cats compared to healthy lean cats and cats in diabetic remission, whereas miR-193b showed >14-fold higher expression. MiR-483 Ã was expressed sixfold higher in newly diagnosed diabetic cats compared to both other groups.
Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic mosquito-borne Flavivirus, mainly ... more Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic mosquito-borne Flavivirus, mainly prevalent in Asia. It is the most important causative agent of acute viral encephalitis in humans. Recently, micro RNAs are discovered as a key regulator of inflammatory and immune responses in various diseases including neurological and viral infections. Thus, this study was proposed to check whether changes in cellular miRNA expression due to JE virus infection, can be detected in circulation which would be helpful in diagnosis and treatment. Methods: miRNAs (miR-29b and miR-146a) were analyzed in the serum of JEV infected patients using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: miR-146a was found significantly decreased (p = 0.0008) in JEV infected patients as compared to healthy controls whereas miR-29b was significantly increased (p = 0.001) in JEV patients recovered with neurological sequelae when compared to those recovered without sequelae. Conclusion: In conclusion, miRNA can be measured in serum. Studying microRNAs will provide novel information and help us to identify the components that can serve as biomarkers and can lead to new discovery in controlling disease recovery.
Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is most important cause of viral encephalitis worldw... more Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is most important cause of viral encephalitis worldwide. The pathogenesis of this is probably attributed to the host genetic makeup. Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and monocytes chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) play a vital role in host defense mechanism against flavivirus causing encephalitis. We assessed the possible genetic association between ICAM‐1 (K469E) and MCP‐1‐2518 A > G polymorphisms and Japanese Encephalitis in North Indian population. Methods We studied ICAM‐1(K469E) and MCP‐1‐2518 A > G polymorphisms with the help of polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis. Expression of ICAM‐1 and MCP‐1 were determined at mRNA and protein levels in JE patients and healthy controls by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Homozygous (E/E) genotype of ICAM‐1 was associated with clinical severity (p = 0.015) and outcome (p = 0.04) of JE, whereas, heterozygous (A/G) genotype of MCP‐1‐2518 A > G was associated with outcome in JE patients (p = 0.01). Among severe cases of JE, a higher level of ICAM‐1 was observed in patients with E allele (E/K + E/E) of ICAM‐1 (K469E) than non‐E allele (K/K). The level of MCP‐1 was found significantly increased in JE patients with homozygous (G/G) genotype when compared to wild (A/A) genotype of MCP‐1‐2518 A > G (p = 0.03). Conclusion ICAM‐1 (K469E) and MCP‐1‐2518 A > G polymorphisms lead to increased level of ICAM‐1 and MCP‐1 in Japanese Encephalitis which may be associated with severity as well as an adverse outcome of the disease. ICAM‐1 (K469E) polymorphism may affect host susceptibility to Japanese encephalitis in North Indian population. HighlightsHomozygous genotype of ICAM‐1 increases the risk for JE virus infection in India.Homozygous genotype of ICAM‐1 was associated with disease severity and bad recovery.ICAM‐1 was highly expressed in severe JE patients with E allele than non‐E allele.Heterozygous genotype of MCP‐1 was significantly associated with bad recovery in JE.Homozygous genotype of MCP‐1 was associated with increased expression of MCP‐1. Graphical abstract Figure. No caption available.
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