Dastarcus helophoroides, which has a relatively longer lifespan compared to other insects, is one... more Dastarcus helophoroides, which has a relatively longer lifespan compared to other insects, is one of the most effective natural enemies of many large-body long-horned beetles. Methuselah (Mth) is associated with the lifespan, stress resistance, and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster, but Mth is not present in non-drosophiline insects. A number of methuselah-like genes (mth-likes, mthls) have been identified in non-drosophiline insects, but it is still unknown whether they are present in Dastarcus helophoroides. We identified three novel mth-like genes in D. helophoroides: mth-like1, mth-like2, and mth-like5, and carried out bioinformatic analysis based on the full-length nucleic acid sequences and deduced amino acid sequences. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed variations in expression patterns of mth-like genes in different tissues (highly expressed in reproductive systems) and at different developmental stages, indicating that mth-likes were likely be involved in reproduction and development. The altered mRNA expression in aging adults and under oxidation, high temperature, and starvation stress, indicated that mth-like genes were likely to be involved in aging and the resistance of oxidation, high temperature, and starvation. These results characterize, for the first time, the basic properties of three mth-like genes from D. helophoroides that probably play important roles in development, aging, reproduction, and stress resistance.
Today’s agriculture sector requires reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers and increasing th... more Today’s agriculture sector requires reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers and increasing the use of bio-based formulations for implementing organic farming practices. In organic farming, the role of bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, and growth stimulants is crucial, but the availability of bio-based products in larger quantities always remains a constraint. Hence the purpose of this study is to formulate a microbial-based bio-fertilizer formulation ‘BAIF ELIXER’ & evaluation of its bio efficacy infield trials. Six types of microbial cultures, potential as N2 fixers, phosphate solubilizers, and bio stimulants from BAIF Development Research Foundation were cultivated in a 200 L fermenter and used to develop a BAIF ELIXER bio-fertilizer formulation. The final count of 1X109 CFU/ml was used to develop an on-farm liquid bio-fertilizer BAIF ELIXER formulation. To study its bio-efficacy, seed and on-farm treatment were conducted on Momordica charantia on 900 plants planted in a 0.13 h...
Field experiments were conducted during the vegetative season of April-October 2008 and 2009 and ... more Field experiments were conducted during the vegetative season of April-October 2008 and 2009 and fruiting season of October-April 2008-09 and 2009-10, to study the efficacy of Milastin K, a formulation containing Bacillus subtilis (KTBS), for the control of powdery mildew on grapes. Five to six sprays of Milastin K @ 1.0 ml l -1 (1.0 l ha -1 ), from 30-119 days after pruning at 7-22 days interval (depending on weather based disease risk) could effectively control powdery mildew on leaves and bunches in grapes and increase yield. The untreated control recorded PDI in the range of 4.00-82.13 during different seasons, Milastin K treatment significantly reduced PDI to 1.62-20.69. Under low to moderate disease pressure conditions, the efficacy of Milastin K in controlling powdery mildew was on par with sulphur 80 WG @ 2.0g l -1 . Under high disease pressure condition, Milastin K was not so effective when used alone, but was effective when used in integration with fungicide sprays. Harves...
The difficulty in obtaining high quality proteins from recalcitrant plant species like grape (Vit... more The difficulty in obtaining high quality proteins from recalcitrant plant species like grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is mainly due to low concentration of proteins, high activity of proteases and high level of interfering compounds, such as, pigments, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids etc. Utilization of 2-dimentional electrophoresis (2DE) technique in proteome analysis largely depends on more efficient and optimized preparation of samples, which is regarded as one of the most important step for obtaining reliable information on proteins. In the present study, four different previously published protein extraction protocols and commercial protein extraction kits were compared to identify the most suitable protocol for protein extraction from different grape tissues, such as, leaves, buds, clusters and berries. Of the five protocols compared, resolution of protein in 1 dimension and 2 dimension gel was improved with modified trichloro acetic acid/acetone precipitation with phenol extracti...
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is a perennial fruit crop grown in the tropical and subtropical agro-cl... more Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is a perennial fruit crop grown in the tropical and subtropical agro-climatic zones of India and suffers from moisture and salinity stress. In the present study, the effect of rootstock on metabolite changes in ‘Thompson Seedless’ under salt stress was studied. Grafted and own-rooted vines showed differential response to salt stress. Among 24 metabolites, proline, ornithine, and norleucine significantly accumulated in salt-treated own-rooted vines as compared to grafted vines whereas phenolics content of grafted vines was higher than the own-rooted vines. Accumulation of Na+ and Cl−were observed in the leaves of stressed own-rooted vines within three days of salt treatment as compared to 15 days in grafted vines. Principal component analysis revealed rootstock specific response to the stress
Global transcriptome analysis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves under salt stress reveals d... more Global transcriptome analysis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves under salt stress reveals differential response at early and late stages of stress in table grape cv. Thompson Seedless,
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions, Jan 29, 2018
Heavy metal tolerance of two marine strains of Yarrowia lipolytica was tested on solid yeast extr... more Heavy metal tolerance of two marine strains of Yarrowia lipolytica was tested on solid yeast extract peptone dextrose agar plates. Based on minimum inhibitory concentration esteems, it is inferred that the two strains of Y. lipolytica were tolerant to heavy metals such as Pb(II), Cr(III), Zn(II), Cu(II), As(V), and Ni(II) ions. The impact of various heavy metal concentrations on the growth kinetics of Y. lipolytica was likewise assessed. With increased heavy metal concentration, the specific growth rate was reduced with delayed doubling time. Furthermore, biofilm development of both yeasts on the glass surfaces and in microtitre plates was assessed in presence of different heavy metals. In microtitre plates, a short lag phase of biofilm formation was noticed without the addition of heavy metals in yeast nitrogen base liquid media. A lag phase was extended over increasing metal concentrations of media. Heavy metals like Cr(VI), Cd(II), and As(V) are contrastingly influenced on biofil...
Three hundred and seventeen grape accessions from the National Active Grape Germplasm Site in Ind... more Three hundred and seventeen grape accessions from the National Active Grape Germplasm Site in India were analysed with 25 microsatellite markers. A total of 411 alleles were detected, of which 42% were rare alleles. Unique alleles for 56 genotypes were also identified. The analysis of microsatellite data identified 63 duplicate accessions and only 254 accessions were unique genotypes. Several cases of misnomers, synonymy and homonymy were identified. Parental genotype for a few clonal selections was ascertained. Population structure analysis grouped 254 unique genotypes into four major clusters. The analysis also revealed the presence of admixtures with only 79% of pure ancestry. A core collection comprising 80 genotypes was identified, which represented all the alleles and genetic diversity. A user-friendly and interactive computer application software was developed for storage and the retrieval of molecular data. A molecular database for the 254 genotypes was created. This analysi...
Dastarcus helophoroides, which has a relatively longer lifespan compared to other insects, is one... more Dastarcus helophoroides, which has a relatively longer lifespan compared to other insects, is one of the most effective natural enemies of many large-body long-horned beetles. Methuselah (Mth) is associated with the lifespan, stress resistance, and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster, but Mth is not present in non-drosophiline insects. A number of methuselah-like genes (mth-likes, mthls) have been identified in non-drosophiline insects, but it is still unknown whether they are present in Dastarcus helophoroides. We identified three novel mth-like genes in D. helophoroides: mth-like1, mth-like2, and mth-like5, and carried out bioinformatic analysis based on the full-length nucleic acid sequences and deduced amino acid sequences. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed variations in expression patterns of mth-like genes in different tissues (highly expressed in reproductive systems) and at different developmental stages, indicating that mth-likes were likely be involved in reproduction and development. The altered mRNA expression in aging adults and under oxidation, high temperature, and starvation stress, indicated that mth-like genes were likely to be involved in aging and the resistance of oxidation, high temperature, and starvation. These results characterize, for the first time, the basic properties of three mth-like genes from D. helophoroides that probably play important roles in development, aging, reproduction, and stress resistance.
Today’s agriculture sector requires reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers and increasing th... more Today’s agriculture sector requires reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers and increasing the use of bio-based formulations for implementing organic farming practices. In organic farming, the role of bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, and growth stimulants is crucial, but the availability of bio-based products in larger quantities always remains a constraint. Hence the purpose of this study is to formulate a microbial-based bio-fertilizer formulation ‘BAIF ELIXER’ & evaluation of its bio efficacy infield trials. Six types of microbial cultures, potential as N2 fixers, phosphate solubilizers, and bio stimulants from BAIF Development Research Foundation were cultivated in a 200 L fermenter and used to develop a BAIF ELIXER bio-fertilizer formulation. The final count of 1X109 CFU/ml was used to develop an on-farm liquid bio-fertilizer BAIF ELIXER formulation. To study its bio-efficacy, seed and on-farm treatment were conducted on Momordica charantia on 900 plants planted in a 0.13 h...
Field experiments were conducted during the vegetative season of April-October 2008 and 2009 and ... more Field experiments were conducted during the vegetative season of April-October 2008 and 2009 and fruiting season of October-April 2008-09 and 2009-10, to study the efficacy of Milastin K, a formulation containing Bacillus subtilis (KTBS), for the control of powdery mildew on grapes. Five to six sprays of Milastin K @ 1.0 ml l -1 (1.0 l ha -1 ), from 30-119 days after pruning at 7-22 days interval (depending on weather based disease risk) could effectively control powdery mildew on leaves and bunches in grapes and increase yield. The untreated control recorded PDI in the range of 4.00-82.13 during different seasons, Milastin K treatment significantly reduced PDI to 1.62-20.69. Under low to moderate disease pressure conditions, the efficacy of Milastin K in controlling powdery mildew was on par with sulphur 80 WG @ 2.0g l -1 . Under high disease pressure condition, Milastin K was not so effective when used alone, but was effective when used in integration with fungicide sprays. Harves...
The difficulty in obtaining high quality proteins from recalcitrant plant species like grape (Vit... more The difficulty in obtaining high quality proteins from recalcitrant plant species like grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is mainly due to low concentration of proteins, high activity of proteases and high level of interfering compounds, such as, pigments, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids etc. Utilization of 2-dimentional electrophoresis (2DE) technique in proteome analysis largely depends on more efficient and optimized preparation of samples, which is regarded as one of the most important step for obtaining reliable information on proteins. In the present study, four different previously published protein extraction protocols and commercial protein extraction kits were compared to identify the most suitable protocol for protein extraction from different grape tissues, such as, leaves, buds, clusters and berries. Of the five protocols compared, resolution of protein in 1 dimension and 2 dimension gel was improved with modified trichloro acetic acid/acetone precipitation with phenol extracti...
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is a perennial fruit crop grown in the tropical and subtropical agro-cl... more Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is a perennial fruit crop grown in the tropical and subtropical agro-climatic zones of India and suffers from moisture and salinity stress. In the present study, the effect of rootstock on metabolite changes in ‘Thompson Seedless’ under salt stress was studied. Grafted and own-rooted vines showed differential response to salt stress. Among 24 metabolites, proline, ornithine, and norleucine significantly accumulated in salt-treated own-rooted vines as compared to grafted vines whereas phenolics content of grafted vines was higher than the own-rooted vines. Accumulation of Na+ and Cl−were observed in the leaves of stressed own-rooted vines within three days of salt treatment as compared to 15 days in grafted vines. Principal component analysis revealed rootstock specific response to the stress
Global transcriptome analysis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves under salt stress reveals d... more Global transcriptome analysis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves under salt stress reveals differential response at early and late stages of stress in table grape cv. Thompson Seedless,
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions, Jan 29, 2018
Heavy metal tolerance of two marine strains of Yarrowia lipolytica was tested on solid yeast extr... more Heavy metal tolerance of two marine strains of Yarrowia lipolytica was tested on solid yeast extract peptone dextrose agar plates. Based on minimum inhibitory concentration esteems, it is inferred that the two strains of Y. lipolytica were tolerant to heavy metals such as Pb(II), Cr(III), Zn(II), Cu(II), As(V), and Ni(II) ions. The impact of various heavy metal concentrations on the growth kinetics of Y. lipolytica was likewise assessed. With increased heavy metal concentration, the specific growth rate was reduced with delayed doubling time. Furthermore, biofilm development of both yeasts on the glass surfaces and in microtitre plates was assessed in presence of different heavy metals. In microtitre plates, a short lag phase of biofilm formation was noticed without the addition of heavy metals in yeast nitrogen base liquid media. A lag phase was extended over increasing metal concentrations of media. Heavy metals like Cr(VI), Cd(II), and As(V) are contrastingly influenced on biofil...
Three hundred and seventeen grape accessions from the National Active Grape Germplasm Site in Ind... more Three hundred and seventeen grape accessions from the National Active Grape Germplasm Site in India were analysed with 25 microsatellite markers. A total of 411 alleles were detected, of which 42% were rare alleles. Unique alleles for 56 genotypes were also identified. The analysis of microsatellite data identified 63 duplicate accessions and only 254 accessions were unique genotypes. Several cases of misnomers, synonymy and homonymy were identified. Parental genotype for a few clonal selections was ascertained. Population structure analysis grouped 254 unique genotypes into four major clusters. The analysis also revealed the presence of admixtures with only 79% of pure ancestry. A core collection comprising 80 genotypes was identified, which represented all the alleles and genetic diversity. A user-friendly and interactive computer application software was developed for storage and the retrieval of molecular data. A molecular database for the 254 genotypes was created. This analysi...
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