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Molecular Mechanisms of Flavonoids Mediated Therapy and Chemoprevention of Cancer

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Aug 29, 2023

Mechanistic Insight into the Chemotherapeutic Potential of Dietary Phytochemicals

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Aug 29, 2023

Amelioration of Oxidative Stress by Trans-anethole via Modulating Phase I and Phase II Enzymes Against Hepatic Damage Induced by Ccl4 in Male Wistar Rats

Research Square (Research Square), Mar 22, 2021

The current study was designed to assess the in vivo hepatoprotective properties of trans-Anethol... more The current study was designed to assess the in vivo hepatoprotective properties of trans-Anethole and it is a principal aromatic component of star anise possessed several therapeutic properties. Results showed that CCl 4 treatment elevated the levels of different serum markers like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) by 4.74 fold, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) by 3.47 fold, aspartate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 3.55 fold, direct bilirubin by 3.48 fold and total bilirubin by 2.38 fold in contrast with control. It was observed that decreased levels of various liver antioxidant enzymes viz. CAT, GR, and GSH were signi cantly ameliorated by the pre-administration of rats with different doses (40, 80, and 160 mg kg-1 bw) of trans-Anethole. Furthermore, pre-treatment of trans-Anethole reduced phase I enzymes level, whereas elevated level of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Furthermore, histopathological examination showed that the treatment with trans-Anethole was potent in defending the liver from CCl 4 toxic injury and restored normal hepatic architecture. Also, trans-Anethole regulated p53 and Cyclin D1 expressions in liver tissue relative to group II treated with CCl 4. Collectively, the ndings of the study showed a strong e ciency of trans-Anethole in ameliorating the effects caused by CCl 4 through modulation of antioxidants and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.

Onosma bracteata Wall. induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells via ROS generation and AKT/GSK3β/cyclin E pathway

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Nov 22, 2020

Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae), commonly known as "gaozaban" is a highly valuable medicina... more Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae), commonly known as "gaozaban" is a highly valuable medicinal herb, useful in the treatment of body swellings, abdominal pain, eye-related problems, fever, and urinary calculi. The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidant properties of extract/fractions, viz. ethanol (Obeth) extract, hexane (Obhex) fraction, chloroform (Obcl) fraction, ethyl acetate (Obea) fraction, butanol (Obbu) fraction, and aqueous (Obaq) fraction isolated from O. bracteata. Obea fraction showed stronger free radical quenching ability in various antioxidant assays, as compared to the other fractions. Obea fraction with effective free radical-scavenging properties was further evaluated for the antiproliferative activity against human osteosarcoma MG-63, human neuroblastoma IMR-32, and human lung cancer A549 cell lines using MTT assay. Obea fraction showed strong cytotoxicity with GI 50 value of 88.56, 101.61, and 112.7 μg/ml towards MG-63, IMR-32, and A549 cells respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that Obea fraction in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. In the presence of Obea, the cells were found to be arrested in the G 0 /G 1 phase in a dose-dependent manner which is also confirmed by the enhancement in the early apoptotic cell population in flow cytometer analysis. Western blotting demonstrated the decrease in expression of p-NFκB, COX-2, p-Akt, and Bcl-xL, whereas upregulation was observed in the expression of GSK-3β, p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9 proteins. RT-qPCR studies revealed downregulation of Bcl-2, cyclin E, CDK2, and mortalin gene expression and upregulation in the expression of p53 genes. The antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Obea was attributed to the presence of catechin, kaempferol, onosmin A, and epicatechin, as revealed by HPLC analysis. This is the first report regarding the antiproliferative potential of O. bracteata against osteosarcoma.

Hepatoprotective Molecules from Himalayan Plants and their Role in Xenobiotic Mechanisms: A Tabulated Review

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Jan 30, 2023

Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Stress

Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity, 2021

Fabrication of a Bicycle without a Chain

International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, Apr 30, 2017

This work is developed for the users to rotate the back wheel of a two wheeler using propeller sh... more This work is developed for the users to rotate the back wheel of a two wheeler using propeller shaft. Usually in two wheelers, chain and sprocket method is used to drive the back wheel. But in this project, the Engine is connected at the front part of the vehicle. The shaft of the engine is connected with along rod. The other side of the long disconnected with a set of bevel gears. The bevel gears are used to rotate the shaft in 90o angle. The back wheel of the vehicle is connected with the bevel gear (drive). Thus the back wheel is rotated in perpendicular to the engine shaft. Thus the two wheeler will move forward. According to the direction of motion of the engine, the wheel will be moved forward or reverse. This avoids the usage of chain and sprocket method.

Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis and its Protective Effects against Plants Stress

Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity, 2021

Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants and Natural Products: A Human Health Perspective

Potential Health Benefits of Nutraceuticals for Human Health

Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants and Natural Products: A Human Health Perspective, 2019

Onosma bracteata Wall. induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells via ROS generation and AKT/GSK3β/cyclin E pathway

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae), commonly known as "gaozaban" is a highly valuable medicina... more Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae), commonly known as "gaozaban" is a highly valuable medicinal herb, useful in the treatment of body swellings, abdominal pain, eye-related problems, fever, and urinary calculi. The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidant properties of extract/fractions, viz. ethanol (Obeth) extract, hexane (Obhex) fraction, chloroform (Obcl) fraction, ethyl acetate (Obea) fraction, butanol (Obbu) fraction, and aqueous (Obaq) fraction isolated from O. bracteata. Obea fraction showed stronger free radical quenching ability in various antioxidant assays, as compared to the other fractions. Obea fraction with effective free radical-scavenging properties was further evaluated for the antiproliferative activity against human osteosarcoma MG-63, human neuroblastoma IMR-32, and human lung cancer A549 cell lines using MTT assay. Obea fraction showed strong cytotoxicity with GI 50 value of 88.56, 101.61, and 112.7 μg/ml towards MG-63, IMR-32, and A549 cells respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that Obea fraction in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. In the presence of Obea, the cells were found to be arrested in the G 0 /G 1 phase in a dose-dependent manner which is also confirmed by the enhancement in the early apoptotic cell population in flow cytometer analysis. Western blotting demonstrated the decrease in expression of p-NFκB, COX-2, p-Akt, and Bcl-xL, whereas upregulation was observed in the expression of GSK-3β, p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9 proteins. RT-qPCR studies revealed downregulation of Bcl-2, cyclin E, CDK2, and mortalin gene expression and upregulation in the expression of p53 genes. The antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Obea was attributed to the presence of catechin, kaempferol, onosmin A, and epicatechin, as revealed by HPLC analysis. This is the first report regarding the antiproliferative potential of O. bracteata against osteosarcoma.

Amelioration of oxidative stress by trans-Anethole via modulating phase I and phase II enzymes against hepatic damage induced by CCl4 in male Wistar rats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021

The current study was designed to assess the in vivo hepatoprotective properties of trans-Anethol... more The current study was designed to assess the in vivo hepatoprotective properties of trans-Anethole and it is a principal aromatic component of star anise possessed several therapeutic properties. Results showed that CCl 4 treatment elevated the levels of different serum markers like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) by 4.74 fold, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) by 3.47 fold, aspartate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 3.55 fold, direct bilirubin by 3.48 fold and total bilirubin by 2.38 fold in contrast with control. It was observed that decreased levels of various liver antioxidant enzymes viz. CAT, GR, and GSH were signi cantly ameliorated by the pre-administration of rats with different doses (40, 80, and 160 mg kg-1 bw) of trans-Anethole. Furthermore, pre-treatment of trans-Anethole reduced phase I enzymes level, whereas elevated level of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Furthermore, histopathological examination showed that the treatment with trans-Anethole was potent in defending the liver from CCl 4 toxic injury and restored normal hepatic architecture. Also, trans-Anethole regulated p53 and Cyclin D1 expressions in liver tissue relative to group II treated with CCl 4. Collectively, the ndings of the study showed a strong e ciency of trans-Anethole in ameliorating the effects caused by CCl 4 through modulation of antioxidants and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.

$Research paper thumbnail of Modulation of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects of fractions from Cassia fistula L. on human cervical HeLa and breast MCF-7 cancer cells$

Modulation of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects of fractions from Cassia fistula L. on human cervical HeLa and breast MCF-7 cancer cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

The present study investigated the antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties o... more The present study investigated the antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties of extracts of Cassia fistula prepared by sequentially fractionation of 80% methanolic (CaLM extract) extract of C. fistula leaves, namely CaLH (hexane), CaLC (chloroform), CaLE (ethyl acetate), CaLB (n-butanol), and CaLA (aqueous) fractions. The antimutagenicity of the fractions was tested against mutagens viz. S9-independent, namely 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98) and sodium azide (TA100) and S9-dependent, 2-AF (2-aminofluorene). Among the tested fractions, CaLE fraction showed a potent efficacy with an inhibition percentage of 85.57% (TA98) and 89.93% (TA100) against the mutagenicity induced by 2-aminofluorene. The CaLE fraction could significantly scavenge free radicals in various assays, namely DPPH, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays with an IC 50 of 12.80, 144, and 257.3 μg/ml respectively. The antiproliferative potential of the effective CaLE fraction was assessed using MTT assay against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells with GI 50 value of 243.4 and 324.6 μg/ml respectively. The fraction exhibited remarkable apoptosis-inducing effects through the externalization of phosphatidylserine in HeLa cells as analyzed by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay. The HPLC analysis of CaLE revealed the presence of catechin, epiafzelechin, and chlorogenic acid which are responsible for its antimutagenic and antiproliferative efficacy. Keywords Cassia fistula. Antioxidant. Antimutagenic. Antiproliferative. Apoptosis Highlights • CaLE fraction of C. fistula rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds modulated the mutagenicity of 2-aminofluorene and base-pair substitution of mutagen, sodium azide. • An ethyl acetate fraction (CaLE) was observed to be a potent scavenger of free radicals as tested in in vitro assays. • The marked antiproliferative activity of CaLE may be attributed to its apoptosis-inducing potential in cancer cells.

trans-Anethole Abrogates Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through the Mitochondrial-Mediated Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma Cells

Nutrition and Cancer, 2020

trans-Anethole, the major bioactive component of Illicium verum Hook. commonly known as star anis... more trans-Anethole, the major bioactive component of Illicium verum Hook. commonly known as star anise exhibits various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and antitumor. Osteosarcoma is an extremely aggressive malignant bone tumor that affects children and young adults and accounts for around 60% of all sarcomas. The study was planned to evaluate the potential of trans-Anethole against Human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. The antiproliferative activity of trans-Anethole was assessed by MTT assay. trans-Anethole exhibited apoptotic cell death as monitored by confocal/electron microscopy and flow cytometry studies. Modulation of gene expression was studied by Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. The present study revealed that trans-Anethole inhibited osteosarcoma proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with a GI 50 value of 60.25 mM and showed pro-apoptotic activity as analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that trans-Anethole induced cell cycle arrest at the G 0 /G 1 phase with the generation of reactive oxygen species and reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (DWm). Immunoblotting results showed the increased expression of caspase-9/-3, p53, and decreased expression of Bcl-xL suggesting the involvement of the p53 and mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. This work provides a rationale that trans-Anethole might be considered as a promising chemotherapeutic/nutraceutical agent for the management of osteosarcoma. HIGHLIGHTS trans-Anethole inhibited cell growth and caused G 0 /G 1 arrest in Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line. trans-Anethole led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane permeability along with ROS generation. trans-Anethole upregulates the expression of p53, Caspase-9/-3, and downregulate Bcl-xL expression.

Antioxidant Phytoconstituents From Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae) Ameliorate the CCl4 Induced Hepatic Damage: In Vivo Study in Male Wistar Rats

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2020

Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae) is a highly valuable medicinal herb that is used for the tr... more Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae) is a highly valuable medicinal herb that is used for the treatment of fever, bronchitis, asthma, rheumatism, stomach irritation, and other inflammatory disorders. The present study aims to explore the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract (Obeth) from O. bracteata aerial parts against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) which causes hepatic damage in the male Wistar rats. Obeth showed effective radical quenching activity with an EC 50 of 115.14 and 199.33 µg/mL in superoxide radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation analyses respectively along with plasmid DNA protective potential in plasmid nicking assay. The Obeth modulated mutagenicity of 2 Aminofluorine (2AF) in the pre-incubation mode of investigation (EC 50 10.48 µg/0.1 mL/ plate) in TA100 strain of Salmonella typhimurium. In in vivo studies, pretreatment of Obeth (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) had the potential to normalize the biochemical markers aggravated by CCl 4 (1mL/kg b.wt.) including liver antioxidative enzymes. Histopathological analysis also revealed the restoration of CCl 4-induced liver histopathological alterations. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the treatment of Obeth downregulated the expression levels of p53 and cyclin D in hepatocytes. and downregulation in the Western blotting analysis revealed the downregulation of p-NF-kB, COX-2, and p53. HPLC data analysis showed the supremacy of major compounds namely, catechin, kaempferol, epicatechin, and Onosmin A in Obeth. The present investigation establishes the hepatoprotective and chemopreventive potential of O. bracteata against CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity via antioxidant defense system and modulation of the expression of proteins associated with the process of carcinogenesis in hepatic cells.

Chemical composition and inhibitory effects of water extract of Henna leaves on reactive oxygen species, DNA scission and proliferation of cancer cells

EXCLI journal, 2016

From the centuries, Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) is utilized in traditional health care system as ... more From the centuries, Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) is utilized in traditional health care system as a medicinal and cosmetic agent. The present study was intended to assess antiradical, DNA protective and antiproliferative activity of water extract of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves (W-LI). Antioxidant activity was estimated using various in vitro assays such as DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical scavenging, FRAP, deoxyribose degradation and DNA protection assay. Growth inhibitory effects of W-LI were assessed using MTT assay against different cancer cell lines viz. HeLa, MCF-7, A549, C6 and COLO-205. From the results of antioxidant assays, it was found that W-LI quenched DPPH and ABTS cation radicals with IC50 value of 352.77 µg/ml and 380.87 µg/ml respectively. It demonstrated hydroxyl radical scavenging potential of 59.75 % at highest test dose of 1000 µg/ml in deoxyribose degradation assay. The results of FRAP assay showed that W-LI also possesses significant reducing activity. Extrac...

Molecular Mechanisms of Flavonoids Mediated Therapy and Chemoprevention of Cancer

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Aug 29, 2023

Mechanistic Insight into the Chemotherapeutic Potential of Dietary Phytochemicals

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Aug 29, 2023

Amelioration of Oxidative Stress by Trans-anethole via Modulating Phase I and Phase II Enzymes Against Hepatic Damage Induced by Ccl4 in Male Wistar Rats

Research Square (Research Square), Mar 22, 2021

The current study was designed to assess the in vivo hepatoprotective properties of trans-Anethol... more The current study was designed to assess the in vivo hepatoprotective properties of trans-Anethole and it is a principal aromatic component of star anise possessed several therapeutic properties. Results showed that CCl 4 treatment elevated the levels of different serum markers like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) by 4.74 fold, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) by 3.47 fold, aspartate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 3.55 fold, direct bilirubin by 3.48 fold and total bilirubin by 2.38 fold in contrast with control. It was observed that decreased levels of various liver antioxidant enzymes viz. CAT, GR, and GSH were signi cantly ameliorated by the pre-administration of rats with different doses (40, 80, and 160 mg kg-1 bw) of trans-Anethole. Furthermore, pre-treatment of trans-Anethole reduced phase I enzymes level, whereas elevated level of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Furthermore, histopathological examination showed that the treatment with trans-Anethole was potent in defending the liver from CCl 4 toxic injury and restored normal hepatic architecture. Also, trans-Anethole regulated p53 and Cyclin D1 expressions in liver tissue relative to group II treated with CCl 4. Collectively, the ndings of the study showed a strong e ciency of trans-Anethole in ameliorating the effects caused by CCl 4 through modulation of antioxidants and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.

Onosma bracteata Wall. induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells via ROS generation and AKT/GSK3β/cyclin E pathway

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Nov 22, 2020

Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae), commonly known as "gaozaban" is a highly valuable medicina... more Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae), commonly known as "gaozaban" is a highly valuable medicinal herb, useful in the treatment of body swellings, abdominal pain, eye-related problems, fever, and urinary calculi. The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidant properties of extract/fractions, viz. ethanol (Obeth) extract, hexane (Obhex) fraction, chloroform (Obcl) fraction, ethyl acetate (Obea) fraction, butanol (Obbu) fraction, and aqueous (Obaq) fraction isolated from O. bracteata. Obea fraction showed stronger free radical quenching ability in various antioxidant assays, as compared to the other fractions. Obea fraction with effective free radical-scavenging properties was further evaluated for the antiproliferative activity against human osteosarcoma MG-63, human neuroblastoma IMR-32, and human lung cancer A549 cell lines using MTT assay. Obea fraction showed strong cytotoxicity with GI 50 value of 88.56, 101.61, and 112.7 μg/ml towards MG-63, IMR-32, and A549 cells respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that Obea fraction in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. In the presence of Obea, the cells were found to be arrested in the G 0 /G 1 phase in a dose-dependent manner which is also confirmed by the enhancement in the early apoptotic cell population in flow cytometer analysis. Western blotting demonstrated the decrease in expression of p-NFκB, COX-2, p-Akt, and Bcl-xL, whereas upregulation was observed in the expression of GSK-3β, p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9 proteins. RT-qPCR studies revealed downregulation of Bcl-2, cyclin E, CDK2, and mortalin gene expression and upregulation in the expression of p53 genes. The antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Obea was attributed to the presence of catechin, kaempferol, onosmin A, and epicatechin, as revealed by HPLC analysis. This is the first report regarding the antiproliferative potential of O. bracteata against osteosarcoma.

Hepatoprotective Molecules from Himalayan Plants and their Role in Xenobiotic Mechanisms: A Tabulated Review

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks, Jan 30, 2023

Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Stress

Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity, 2021

Fabrication of a Bicycle without a Chain

International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, Apr 30, 2017

This work is developed for the users to rotate the back wheel of a two wheeler using propeller sh... more This work is developed for the users to rotate the back wheel of a two wheeler using propeller shaft. Usually in two wheelers, chain and sprocket method is used to drive the back wheel. But in this project, the Engine is connected at the front part of the vehicle. The shaft of the engine is connected with along rod. The other side of the long disconnected with a set of bevel gears. The bevel gears are used to rotate the shaft in 90o angle. The back wheel of the vehicle is connected with the bevel gear (drive). Thus the back wheel is rotated in perpendicular to the engine shaft. Thus the two wheeler will move forward. According to the direction of motion of the engine, the wheel will be moved forward or reverse. This avoids the usage of chain and sprocket method.

Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis and its Protective Effects against Plants Stress

Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity, 2021

Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants and Natural Products: A Human Health Perspective

Potential Health Benefits of Nutraceuticals for Human Health

Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants and Natural Products: A Human Health Perspective, 2019

Onosma bracteata Wall. induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells via ROS generation and AKT/GSK3β/cyclin E pathway

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae), commonly known as "gaozaban" is a highly valuable medicina... more Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae), commonly known as "gaozaban" is a highly valuable medicinal herb, useful in the treatment of body swellings, abdominal pain, eye-related problems, fever, and urinary calculi. The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidant properties of extract/fractions, viz. ethanol (Obeth) extract, hexane (Obhex) fraction, chloroform (Obcl) fraction, ethyl acetate (Obea) fraction, butanol (Obbu) fraction, and aqueous (Obaq) fraction isolated from O. bracteata. Obea fraction showed stronger free radical quenching ability in various antioxidant assays, as compared to the other fractions. Obea fraction with effective free radical-scavenging properties was further evaluated for the antiproliferative activity against human osteosarcoma MG-63, human neuroblastoma IMR-32, and human lung cancer A549 cell lines using MTT assay. Obea fraction showed strong cytotoxicity with GI 50 value of 88.56, 101.61, and 112.7 μg/ml towards MG-63, IMR-32, and A549 cells respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that Obea fraction in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. In the presence of Obea, the cells were found to be arrested in the G 0 /G 1 phase in a dose-dependent manner which is also confirmed by the enhancement in the early apoptotic cell population in flow cytometer analysis. Western blotting demonstrated the decrease in expression of p-NFκB, COX-2, p-Akt, and Bcl-xL, whereas upregulation was observed in the expression of GSK-3β, p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9 proteins. RT-qPCR studies revealed downregulation of Bcl-2, cyclin E, CDK2, and mortalin gene expression and upregulation in the expression of p53 genes. The antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Obea was attributed to the presence of catechin, kaempferol, onosmin A, and epicatechin, as revealed by HPLC analysis. This is the first report regarding the antiproliferative potential of O. bracteata against osteosarcoma.

Amelioration of oxidative stress by trans-Anethole via modulating phase I and phase II enzymes against hepatic damage induced by CCl4 in male Wistar rats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021

The current study was designed to assess the in vivo hepatoprotective properties of trans-Anethol... more The current study was designed to assess the in vivo hepatoprotective properties of trans-Anethole and it is a principal aromatic component of star anise possessed several therapeutic properties. Results showed that CCl 4 treatment elevated the levels of different serum markers like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) by 4.74 fold, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) by 3.47 fold, aspartate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 3.55 fold, direct bilirubin by 3.48 fold and total bilirubin by 2.38 fold in contrast with control. It was observed that decreased levels of various liver antioxidant enzymes viz. CAT, GR, and GSH were signi cantly ameliorated by the pre-administration of rats with different doses (40, 80, and 160 mg kg-1 bw) of trans-Anethole. Furthermore, pre-treatment of trans-Anethole reduced phase I enzymes level, whereas elevated level of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Furthermore, histopathological examination showed that the treatment with trans-Anethole was potent in defending the liver from CCl 4 toxic injury and restored normal hepatic architecture. Also, trans-Anethole regulated p53 and Cyclin D1 expressions in liver tissue relative to group II treated with CCl 4. Collectively, the ndings of the study showed a strong e ciency of trans-Anethole in ameliorating the effects caused by CCl 4 through modulation of antioxidants and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.

$Research paper thumbnail of Modulation of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects of fractions from Cassia fistula L. on human cervical HeLa and breast MCF-7 cancer cells$

Modulation of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects of fractions from Cassia fistula L. on human cervical HeLa and breast MCF-7 cancer cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

The present study investigated the antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties o... more The present study investigated the antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties of extracts of Cassia fistula prepared by sequentially fractionation of 80% methanolic (CaLM extract) extract of C. fistula leaves, namely CaLH (hexane), CaLC (chloroform), CaLE (ethyl acetate), CaLB (n-butanol), and CaLA (aqueous) fractions. The antimutagenicity of the fractions was tested against mutagens viz. S9-independent, namely 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98) and sodium azide (TA100) and S9-dependent, 2-AF (2-aminofluorene). Among the tested fractions, CaLE fraction showed a potent efficacy with an inhibition percentage of 85.57% (TA98) and 89.93% (TA100) against the mutagenicity induced by 2-aminofluorene. The CaLE fraction could significantly scavenge free radicals in various assays, namely DPPH, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays with an IC 50 of 12.80, 144, and 257.3 μg/ml respectively. The antiproliferative potential of the effective CaLE fraction was assessed using MTT assay against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells with GI 50 value of 243.4 and 324.6 μg/ml respectively. The fraction exhibited remarkable apoptosis-inducing effects through the externalization of phosphatidylserine in HeLa cells as analyzed by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay. The HPLC analysis of CaLE revealed the presence of catechin, epiafzelechin, and chlorogenic acid which are responsible for its antimutagenic and antiproliferative efficacy. Keywords Cassia fistula. Antioxidant. Antimutagenic. Antiproliferative. Apoptosis Highlights • CaLE fraction of C. fistula rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds modulated the mutagenicity of 2-aminofluorene and base-pair substitution of mutagen, sodium azide. • An ethyl acetate fraction (CaLE) was observed to be a potent scavenger of free radicals as tested in in vitro assays. • The marked antiproliferative activity of CaLE may be attributed to its apoptosis-inducing potential in cancer cells.

trans-Anethole Abrogates Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through the Mitochondrial-Mediated Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma Cells

Nutrition and Cancer, 2020

trans-Anethole, the major bioactive component of Illicium verum Hook. commonly known as star anis... more trans-Anethole, the major bioactive component of Illicium verum Hook. commonly known as star anise exhibits various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and antitumor. Osteosarcoma is an extremely aggressive malignant bone tumor that affects children and young adults and accounts for around 60% of all sarcomas. The study was planned to evaluate the potential of trans-Anethole against Human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. The antiproliferative activity of trans-Anethole was assessed by MTT assay. trans-Anethole exhibited apoptotic cell death as monitored by confocal/electron microscopy and flow cytometry studies. Modulation of gene expression was studied by Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. The present study revealed that trans-Anethole inhibited osteosarcoma proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with a GI 50 value of 60.25 mM and showed pro-apoptotic activity as analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that trans-Anethole induced cell cycle arrest at the G 0 /G 1 phase with the generation of reactive oxygen species and reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (DWm). Immunoblotting results showed the increased expression of caspase-9/-3, p53, and decreased expression of Bcl-xL suggesting the involvement of the p53 and mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. This work provides a rationale that trans-Anethole might be considered as a promising chemotherapeutic/nutraceutical agent for the management of osteosarcoma. HIGHLIGHTS trans-Anethole inhibited cell growth and caused G 0 /G 1 arrest in Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line. trans-Anethole led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane permeability along with ROS generation. trans-Anethole upregulates the expression of p53, Caspase-9/-3, and downregulate Bcl-xL expression.

Antioxidant Phytoconstituents From Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae) Ameliorate the CCl4 Induced Hepatic Damage: In Vivo Study in Male Wistar Rats

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2020

Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae) is a highly valuable medicinal herb that is used for the tr... more Onosma bracteata Wall. (Boraginaceae) is a highly valuable medicinal herb that is used for the treatment of fever, bronchitis, asthma, rheumatism, stomach irritation, and other inflammatory disorders. The present study aims to explore the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract (Obeth) from O. bracteata aerial parts against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) which causes hepatic damage in the male Wistar rats. Obeth showed effective radical quenching activity with an EC 50 of 115.14 and 199.33 µg/mL in superoxide radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation analyses respectively along with plasmid DNA protective potential in plasmid nicking assay. The Obeth modulated mutagenicity of 2 Aminofluorine (2AF) in the pre-incubation mode of investigation (EC 50 10.48 µg/0.1 mL/ plate) in TA100 strain of Salmonella typhimurium. In in vivo studies, pretreatment of Obeth (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) had the potential to normalize the biochemical markers aggravated by CCl 4 (1mL/kg b.wt.) including liver antioxidative enzymes. Histopathological analysis also revealed the restoration of CCl 4-induced liver histopathological alterations. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the treatment of Obeth downregulated the expression levels of p53 and cyclin D in hepatocytes. and downregulation in the Western blotting analysis revealed the downregulation of p-NF-kB, COX-2, and p53. HPLC data analysis showed the supremacy of major compounds namely, catechin, kaempferol, epicatechin, and Onosmin A in Obeth. The present investigation establishes the hepatoprotective and chemopreventive potential of O. bracteata against CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity via antioxidant defense system and modulation of the expression of proteins associated with the process of carcinogenesis in hepatic cells.

Chemical composition and inhibitory effects of water extract of Henna leaves on reactive oxygen species, DNA scission and proliferation of cancer cells

EXCLI journal, 2016

From the centuries, Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) is utilized in traditional health care system as ... more From the centuries, Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) is utilized in traditional health care system as a medicinal and cosmetic agent. The present study was intended to assess antiradical, DNA protective and antiproliferative activity of water extract of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves (W-LI). Antioxidant activity was estimated using various in vitro assays such as DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical scavenging, FRAP, deoxyribose degradation and DNA protection assay. Growth inhibitory effects of W-LI were assessed using MTT assay against different cancer cell lines viz. HeLa, MCF-7, A549, C6 and COLO-205. From the results of antioxidant assays, it was found that W-LI quenched DPPH and ABTS cation radicals with IC50 value of 352.77 µg/ml and 380.87 µg/ml respectively. It demonstrated hydroxyl radical scavenging potential of 59.75 % at highest test dose of 1000 µg/ml in deoxyribose degradation assay. The results of FRAP assay showed that W-LI also possesses significant reducing activity. Extrac...