Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most widelygrown cereal crops in the world with approximatel... more Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most widelygrown cereal crops in the world with approximately 782 million tonnes of annual production (FAO 2018). In Turkey, the average rice yield is 7 824 kg/ha, while the world average is 4 678 kg/ha (FAO 2018). The total annual rice production in Turkey is about 940 000 tonnes, which is not sufficient to meet the domestic demand (FAO 2018). Monoculture paddy rice production is common in Turkey's Marmara region, which is the most important rice-producing area. Weed infestation is among the major constraints for sustainable rice production in the country as weed competes with rice for nutrients and other important resources and acts as host for insect pests and diseases. Yield losses in rice caused by uncontrolled weeds have been reported between 15% and 42% in Turkey depending on rice cultivar, crop establishment method, type of weed species and weed densities (Mennan et al. 2012). Herbicides are commonly used for controlling weeds in crop production system. However, repeated and extensive use of the same (one) herbicide or different herbicides with the same mode of action over time has led to the development of herbicide resistance worldwide since the 1970's (Holt 1992,
Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat fakültesi dergisi, Mar 30, 2018
Bu çalışma 2013-2014 yıllarında İzmir ili Karaburun ilçesinde nergis ve sümbül tarlalarında sorun... more Bu çalışma 2013-2014 yıllarında İzmir ili Karaburun ilçesinde nergis ve sümbül tarlalarında sorun olan yabancı otların ve mücadelelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yabancı ot survey çalışmasında en fazla rastlanma sıklığına sahip olan yabancı otun Oxalis pes-caprae L. (% 94.7) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu yabancı ot ile birlikte Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. ex Aiton (% 52.0), Bromus tectorum L. (% 50.0), Hordeum murinum L. (% 44.74) ve Gallium aparine L. (% 44.7) ilk beş sırayı almışlardır. Rastlanma sıklığı en çok olan yabancı ot türü, ekşi ot (Oxalis pes-caprae L.) olup istilacı yabancı ot olmasından dolayı ileriki yıllarda daha fazla yayılım göstereceği tahmin edilmektedir. Yabancı ot yoğunluğu bakımından en yoğun yabancı ot Oxalis pes-caprae L. (115.42 Adet/m2) olarak bulunmuştur. Bunu sırasıyla, Hordeum murinum L. (34.38 Adet/m2), Avena sterilis L. (26.29 Adet/m2), Trifolium repens L. (14.29 Adet/m2), Bromus tectorum L. (11.42 Adet/m2), (L.) L'Her. ex Aiton (8.47 Adet/m2) izlemişlerdir. Mücadele çalışmalarında 4 farklı etkili maddeli herbisit (Pendimethalin, Oxyfluorfen, Picloram+2,4 D, Aclonifen) tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Herbisitlerin yabancı ot kuru ağırlıklarına etkileri incelediğimizde ise, en yüksek etki, Oxyfluorfen herbisitinden (% 43.20) elde edilmiştir. Bu etkiyi en yakın etki olarak Picloram + 2,4 D (%43.18) izlemiştir. Diğer bir etkili uygulama olan Aclonifen etkileri (% 38.10) ve Phendimethalin (% 36.00), Solarizasyon (% 5.60) uygulamaları olmuştur.
This study was carried out to determine the presence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in green... more This study was carried out to determine the presence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in greenhouse-grown tomatoes and some weeds during growing seasons of 2005 and 2006 in Denizli Province of Turkey. 71 leaf samples and 7 fruit samples showing TSWV-like symptoms were tested using ELISA. The leaf samples showing positive results to ELISA test were also inoculated to indicator test plants. According to the results of ELISA tests, 43 out of 71 leaf samples, with the rate of 60,6% and 7 out of 7 fruit samples were found to be infected by TSWV. On the inoculated senstive herbaceous host plants including Nicotiana tabaccum cvs. "Samsun", N. rustica L., N. glutinosa L. and Datura stramonium L. were observed necrotic local lesion, chlorotic and necrotic spots and rings on inoculated leaves and systemic mosaic, necrotic pattern, leaf deformation and stunding. The effect of some weed species that may act as reservoir of TSWV were also investigated in the region. 10 weed species belonging to 9 families were tested and 7 weed species were found to be infected by TSWV.
This study was carried out to determine the presence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in green... more This study was carried out to determine the presence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in greenhouse-grown tomatoes and some weeds during growing seasons of 2005 and 2006 in Denizli Province of Turkey. 71 leaf samples and 7 fruit samples showing TSWV-like symptoms were tested using ELISA. The leaf samples showing positive results to ELISA test were also inoculated to indicator test plants. According to the results of ELISA tests, 43 out of 71 leaf samples, with the rate of 60,6% and 7 out of 7 fruit samples were found to be infected by TSWV. On the inoculated senstive herbaceous host plants including Nicotiana tabaccum cvs. "Samsun", N. rustica L., N. glutinosa L. and Datura stramonium L. were observed necrotic local lesion, chlorotic and necrotic spots and rings on inoculated leaves and systemic mosaic, necrotic pattern, leaf deformation and stunding. The effect of some weed species that may act as reservoir of TSWV were also investigated in the region. 10 weed species belonging to 9 families were tested and 7 weed species were found to be infected by TSWV.
Background and aimsBarnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv) is a major C4 weed in ric... more Background and aimsBarnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv) is a major C4 weed in rice fields. We aimed to explore a management strategy to reduce its competition with rice (Oryza sativa L.) (C3) in low-phosphorus (P) soil with varying soil moisture availability. Therefore, we investigated the effect of P placement at different depths.MethodsThe main experiment was conducted in pots (15 cm diameter, 70 cm height) filled with P-deficient soil as a replacement series with different plant combinations (rice and barnyard grass monocultures; four plants per pot, and a mixture of rice and barnyard grass; two plants of each species per pot) with two P placement depths (0–5 and 15–20 cm from the soil surface) and three moisture treatments (continuous flooding - CF, alternate wetting and drying - AWD, and top soil drying - TSD from flowering). The pots were maintained until crop maturity. A rhizobox experiment supplemented the main experiment to study the root system plasticity during the initial growth stages (i.e., after 14 and 28 days of growth).Key resultsPlacement of P in a deeper soil layer (15–20 cm) reduced the growth and P uptake of barnyard grass by over 70 and 80 %, respectively, irrespective of the plant combination, and moisture treatments, while such reductions were not observed in rice. Reduced growth and P uptake of barnyard grass were associated with the arrested root elongation even from the very early growth stages failing to search for P applied to 15–20 cm soil layer. In contrast, root elongation of rice increased from early growth stages when P was applied at 15–20 cm soil depth and reached the P-supplied soil layer to ensure P uptake. Average root diameter decreased by 12 %, and the percentage fine root production (i.e., < 0.4 mm diameter) increased by 8 % when P was applied at 15–20 cm deep compared with those at 0–5 cm depth.ConclusionsPhosphorous placement at 15–20 cm soil depth reduced the competitive ability of barnyard grass over rice in P-deficient soils, irrespective of the soil moisture management method.
Bu çalışma, 2009-2011 yıllarında Manisa ilinde geleneksel ve organik üzüm üretim yapılan bağlarda... more Bu çalışma, 2009-2011 yıllarında Manisa ilinde geleneksel ve organik üzüm üretim yapılan bağlarda sorun olan yabancı otların saptanması ve bu yabancı otlara karşı mücadele yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Manisa ili geleneksel ve organik üzüm üretimi yapılan bağlarda sorun olan yabancı otların belirlenmesi amacıyla 48 organik ve 76 geleneksel bağ alanında survey gerçekleştirilmiştir. Survey sonucunda; organik bağ alanlarında sıra arasında toplamda 54 adet yabancı ot türü belirlenmiştir. Bu türlerden 9'u Asteraceae, 5'i ise Poaceae familyasına ait türlerdir. Sıra üzerinde ise Poaceae familyasına ait 7 tür, Asteraceae familyasından 6 tür ve Brassicaceae familyasından 2 tür olmak üzere toplamda 44 tür tespit edilmiştir. Geleneksel bağ alanlarında sıra arasında Poaceae familyasına ait 6 tür, Asteraceae familyasından 4 tür başta olmak üzere 28 tür, sıra üzerinde ise Poaceae familyasına ait 5 tür, Asteraceae familyasından 4 tür başta olmak üzere 24 adet yabancı ot ...
This study was carried out to determine the effects of some tillage methods; it included conventi... more This study was carried out to determine the effects of some tillage methods; it included conventional tillage and conservation tillage with some weed control applications on weed manifestation in organic vineyards. The organic vineyard experiment area was designed as main and sub-plots. The effects of some methods of conventional tillage, no-tillage, and conservation tillage on weed coverage, densities, fresh weight, and dry weight were determined in the organic vineyard experiment area. These tillage methods were applied in the main plots. A chisel and heavy-duty disk harrow were used for conservation tillage methods. The plough and disc harrow were also applied as conventional methods. Other allelopathic methods (olive mill wastewater, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) were applied as sub-plots in the experiment area. As a result of the statistical analysis of the values obtained in the study, the most effective method, the application of the plough...
###EgeUn###Different methods other than herbicides are used for controlling weeds, especially in ... more ###EgeUn###Different methods other than herbicides are used for controlling weeds, especially in organic farming. New methods such as microwave applications are considered for controlling weed plants due to the growing concerns about herbicide resistance and chemical residues in the environment. In this study, different levels of microwave power with different forward speeds effects on the killing efficiency were determined on four weed varieties in three growing stages; cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.), Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.), Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) at laboratory conditions. For this purpose, weeds with three different development stages: weeds with four leaves, eight leaves, and weeds at seeding stage were exposed to minimum 1.6 kW and maximum 5.6 kW microwave power using laboratory prototype microwave oven with forward speeds in the range of 1 0.1 m s(-1). The 0-5 scale method was used for the evaluation of the data. Results showed that weeds could be killed only at lower speeds. Generally, cocklebur was required 2.4 kW energy at 0.3 m s(-1) forward speed. Black Nightshade, Johnson Grass and Bermuda Grass required much power than cocklebur. Johnson Grass and Bermuda Grass were killed at 4 and 5.6 kW microwave power level at 0.1 m s(-1) forward speed respectively.Ministry of Science, Industry, and Technology of TurkeyMinistry of Science, Industry & Technology - TurkeyThis research was supported by The Ministry of Science, Industry, and Technology of Turkey. The research was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey in the years of 2014-2017
Weeds are the main problems for organic and traditional cropping system. According to the researc... more Weeds are the main problems for organic and traditional cropping system. According to the researches, it was found that weeds decrease the yield by 21-61% especially in cotton and corn production. Herbicides use for controlling weeds destroys the environment and increases the cost. Recently microwave applications are considered for controlling weed plants due to the growing concerns about herbicide resistance and chemical residues in the environment. Recent studies proved that microwave can kill the weeds effectively. In this study, the possibilities of using microwave energy to kill the weeds between the rows were investigated in corn and cotton production at laboratory conditions. Four weed varieties cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense (L.)), Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum), Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon) were selected since they are the most common weeds found at corn and cotton production. In the experiment, weeds with three different developmen...
Çalışma 2007 yürütülmüştür. ve 2008 yıllarında Araştırmada İzmir İli kontrol, Ödemiş rimsulfuron’... more Çalışma 2007 yürütülmüştür. ve 2008 yıllarında Araştırmada İzmir İli kontrol, Ödemiş rimsulfuron’un İlçesi Bozdağ Beldesi 5 g/da (15 Ovacık gün ara ile 2 uygulama), imazapic’ın 2.5 ml/da (15 gün ara ile 2 uygulama), imazapic’ın 5 ml/da (tek uygulama 2.uygulama zamanında), glyphosate’ın 2.5 ml/da (15 gün ara ile 2 uygulama), glyphosate’ın 2.5 ml/da (tek uygulama 2.uygulama zamanında), glyphosate’ın 5 ml/da (15 gün ara ile 2 uygulama), messenger’ın 30 g/da (çiçeklenme öncesi ve hasattan 1 ay önce) patateste canavar otuna etkileri araştırılmıştır. Canavar otuna etkilerde kriter olarak toprak üstü canavar otu dal sayısı, bunların yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları alınmıştır. Ayrıca bu uygulamaların patates verimine etkileri de saptanmıştır. Bu amaçla denemeler her iki yılda da tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre sekiz karakter ve dört tekerürlü olarak kurulmuş ve değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Genel olarak denemelerin sonuçlarına bakıldığında; glyphosate’ı 5+5 ml/da dozu, canavar otu dal sayısı (% 94.8; % 66.1) ve kuru ağırlığını (% 97.8 ; % 62.2) her iki yılda da yüksek oranda azaltmıştır. Glyphosate’ın 2.5+2.5 ml/da dozu, canavar otu dal sayısı (% 85.2; % 71.5) ve kuru ağırlığını (% 91.5 ; % 65.62) her iki yılda da yüksek oranda azaltmıştır. İmazapic’ 2007 yılında her iki uygulaması % 50 civarında etkili olurken, 2008 yılında etki % 20 dolaylarında bulunmuştur. Messenger her iki yılda da canavar otuna karşı yetersiz etki göstermiştir. Rimsulfuron, 2007 yılında canavar otu dal sayısına etki bakımından % 46.5 etki gösterirken bu oran 2008 yılında % 67.6’ya çıkmıştır.This Ovacık study village. was In carried this study out in control, 2007 and rimsulfuron 2008 in 5 İzmir, g/da &Ouml;demiş (two applications – Bozdağ, with an interval of 15 days), imazapic 2.5 cc/da (two applications with an interval of 15 days), imazapic 2.5 cc/da (at the second treatment date), glyphosate 2.5 cc/da (two applications with an interval of 15 days), glyphosate 2.5 cc/da (at th second treatment date), glyphosate 5 cc/da (two applications with an interval of 15 days), messenger 30 g/da (1 mounth before the flowering and the harvest) effect of broomrape. The effects of the herbicides were evaluated by means of, broomrape above-ground bough number and it’s fresh and dry weights criteria. The effects of treatments on potato yield was also assessed. For this purpose studies were conducted in both years, according to randomized complete block design with four replications of eight characters. Results of the studies showed that glyphosate at 5 + 5 ml/da dose reduced broomrape number of branches (94.8%, 66.1%), and dry weight (97.8%, 62.2%) in both years. Glyphosate at 2.5+ 2.5 ml / da dose reduced branch number of broomrape (85.2%, 71.5%) and dry weight (91.5%, 65.62%) in both years. While efficacy of imazapic was around 50 % in 2007, it was around by 20 % in 2008. Messenger was ineffective broomrape in both years. Rimsulfuron affected the branches of broomrape by 46.5 % in 2007, but it inreased by 67.6 % in 2008
Bu calisma, 2009-2011 yillarinda Manisa ilinde geleneksel ve organik uzum uretim yapilan baglarda... more Bu calisma, 2009-2011 yillarinda Manisa ilinde geleneksel ve organik uzum uretim yapilan baglarda sorun olan yabanci otlarin saptanmasi ve bu yabanci otlara karsi mucadele yontemlerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. Organik bag alaninda bazi mucadele yontemlerin etkisini belirlemek amaciyla da calismalar yurutulmustur. Organik mucadele yontemlerinde ise malc tekstili, saman, talas, yer fistigi kabugu, tuylu fig, alevle yakma, zeytin karasuyu, traktor capasi, el capasi, arpa-fig karisik ekimi ve lahana artigi uygulamalari yer almistir. Calismada organik uygulamalarin yabanci otlara, verim, kalite kriterleri ve topragin fiziksel ve kimyasal ozelliklerine etkileri de belirlenmistir. Organik uygulamalarin topraga etkileri incelendiginde; en yuksek fosfor (P) zeytin karasuyu uygulamasindan, en yuksek organik madde miktari arpa + fig ve zeytin karasuyu uygulamalarindan elde edilmistir. Potasyum (K) degerleri incelendiginde ise en yuksek degerler traktor capasi ve zeytin karasuyu uygu...
In our study, we investigated how crop rotation of a spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), broccoli (Br... more In our study, we investigated how crop rotation of a spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mixture and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with maize (Zea mays L.) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) products affected the weed density and coverage area in organic crop production. The weed coverage areas and densities (weeds m–2) of summer crops produced in rotation with winter crops were compared with those of control plots in the experimental area. As a result of this comparison, the most effective winter crops for reducing weed density in silage maize were found to be broccoli (50.4%), barley + vetch (48.3%) and faba bean (45.3%). When the effect of winter crops on weeds in terms of muskmelon production was examined, barley + vetch (53.2%), broccoli (36.1%) and faba bean (33.4%) were found to reduce the density of weeds. In contrast, the application of barley + vetch (67.0%), faba bean (65.3) and bro...
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 2019
Arastirma 2015 yilinda Balikesir ve Canakkale illerinde bugday urunune karisan yabanci ot tohumla... more Arastirma 2015 yilinda Balikesir ve Canakkale illerinde bugday urunune karisan yabanci ot tohumlarinin tur ve miktarlarini belirlemek amaciyla 93 farkli yerden alinan 1 kg’lik orneklerle yurutulmustur. Calisma sonunda 1 kg urune ortalama, Balikesir il genelinde 207 adet, agirlik olarak ise 3.06 g yabanci ot tohumunun karistigi, Canakkale il genelinde ise 181 adet ve 2.98 g yabanci ot tohumu karistigi hesaplanmistir. Her iki ilde de bugday urunu icerisine 15 familyaya ait 45 farkli yabanci ot tohumunun karistigi belirlenmistir. Balikesir il genelinde sayisal olarak en fazla karisan yabanci ot tohumunun Sinapis arvensis L. (77.,53 adet/kg) oldugu belirlenirken, agirlik olarak ise Hordeum vulgare L. (0.7034 g/kg) oldugu saptanmistir. Canakkale il genelinde bugday urunune karisan yabanci ot tohumlari incelendiginde; sayisal olarak Galium aparine L.’nin (35.18 adet/kg) en fazla karisan yabanci ot oldugu, agirlik olarak ise H. vulgare (0.558 g/kg) en fazla bugday urunune karisan yabanci ot oldugu bulunmustur.
u çalışma 2013-2014 yıllarında İzmir ili Karaburun ilçesinde nergis ve sümbül tarlalarında sorun ... more u çalışma 2013-2014 yıllarında İzmir ili Karaburun ilçesinde nergis ve sümbül tarlalarında sorun olan yabancı otların ve mücadelelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yabancı ot survey çalışmasında en fazla rastlanma sıklığına sahip olan yabancı otun Oxalis pes-caprae L. (%94.7) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu yabancı ot ile birlikte Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. ex Aiton (%52.0), Bromus tectorum L. (% 50.0), Hordeum murinum L. (% 44.74) ve Gallium aparine L. (%44.7) ilk beş sırayı almışlardır. Rastlanma sıklığı en çok olan yabancı ot türü, ekşi ot (O. pes-caprae L.) olup istilacı yabancı ot olmasından dolayı ileriki yıllarda daha fazla yayılım göstereceği tahmin edilmektedir. Yabancı ot yoğunluğu bakımından en yoğun yabancı ot O. pes-caprae L. (115.42 adet/m 2) olarak bulunmuştur. Bunu sırasıyla, H. murinum L. (34.38 adet/m 2), Avena sterilis L. (26.29 adet/m 2), Trifolium repens L. (14.29 adet/m 2), B. tectorum L. (11.42 adet/m 2), E. cicutarium (8.47 adet/m 2) izlemişlerdir. Mücadele çalışmalarında 4 farklı etkili maddeli herbisit (pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, picloram+2,4 D, aclonifen) tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Herbisitlerin yabancı ot kuru ağırlıklarına etkileri incelediğimizde ise, en yüksek etki, oxyfluorfen herbisitinden (% 43.20) elde edilmiştir. Bunu picloram + 2,4 D (%43.18) izlemiştir. Diğer uygulamalardan olan aclonifen, pendimethalin ve solarizasyonun etkileri sırasıyla %38.10, %36.00 ve %5.60 olarak saptanmıştır. ABSTRACT his study was carried out for determine the problem weeds on daffodils and hyacinth in İzmir between 2013 and 2014. O. pes-caprae (94.74%) was determined as highest frequency of occurrence in study. E. cicutarium (52.0%), B. tectorum (50,0 %), H. murinum (44.74 %) and G.aparine (44.73%) together with this weed were listed in the survey as the first five weeds. As sour grass is the weed type with the highest frequency of occurrence (O. pes-caprae) and as it is an invasive weed, it is estimated that it will spread more in the following years. O. pes-caprae (115.42 Weeds/m 2) has been identified as the densest weed in terms of the weed density. H. murinum (34.38 Weeds/m 2), A. sterilis (26.29 Weeds/m 2), T. repens (14.29 Weeds/m 2), B. tectorum (11.42 Weeds/m 2), E. cicutarium (8.47 Weeds/m 2) followed it respectively. Herbicides with 4 different active substances were taken under evaluation in 3 replications according to a randomized complete block experiment design. When the effects of herbicides on weed dry weights, the greatest effect was obtained from Oxyfluorfen herbicide (43.20%). This effect was closely followed by Picloram + 2,4 D (43,18%). Other effective applications were Aclonifen effect (38.10%) and Phendimethalin (36.00%) and Solarization (5.60%).
Tamamlanmış olan TUBITAK 105G080 no'lu Ülkesel Canavar Otu (Orobanche spp.) Projesine bağlı 106G0... more Tamamlanmış olan TUBITAK 105G080 no'lu Ülkesel Canavar Otu (Orobanche spp.) Projesine bağlı 106G074 no'lu alt projedir.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most widelygrown cereal crops in the world with approximatel... more Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most widelygrown cereal crops in the world with approximately 782 million tonnes of annual production (FAO 2018). In Turkey, the average rice yield is 7 824 kg/ha, while the world average is 4 678 kg/ha (FAO 2018). The total annual rice production in Turkey is about 940 000 tonnes, which is not sufficient to meet the domestic demand (FAO 2018). Monoculture paddy rice production is common in Turkey's Marmara region, which is the most important rice-producing area. Weed infestation is among the major constraints for sustainable rice production in the country as weed competes with rice for nutrients and other important resources and acts as host for insect pests and diseases. Yield losses in rice caused by uncontrolled weeds have been reported between 15% and 42% in Turkey depending on rice cultivar, crop establishment method, type of weed species and weed densities (Mennan et al. 2012). Herbicides are commonly used for controlling weeds in crop production system. However, repeated and extensive use of the same (one) herbicide or different herbicides with the same mode of action over time has led to the development of herbicide resistance worldwide since the 1970's (Holt 1992,
Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat fakültesi dergisi, Mar 30, 2018
Bu çalışma 2013-2014 yıllarında İzmir ili Karaburun ilçesinde nergis ve sümbül tarlalarında sorun... more Bu çalışma 2013-2014 yıllarında İzmir ili Karaburun ilçesinde nergis ve sümbül tarlalarında sorun olan yabancı otların ve mücadelelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yabancı ot survey çalışmasında en fazla rastlanma sıklığına sahip olan yabancı otun Oxalis pes-caprae L. (% 94.7) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu yabancı ot ile birlikte Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. ex Aiton (% 52.0), Bromus tectorum L. (% 50.0), Hordeum murinum L. (% 44.74) ve Gallium aparine L. (% 44.7) ilk beş sırayı almışlardır. Rastlanma sıklığı en çok olan yabancı ot türü, ekşi ot (Oxalis pes-caprae L.) olup istilacı yabancı ot olmasından dolayı ileriki yıllarda daha fazla yayılım göstereceği tahmin edilmektedir. Yabancı ot yoğunluğu bakımından en yoğun yabancı ot Oxalis pes-caprae L. (115.42 Adet/m2) olarak bulunmuştur. Bunu sırasıyla, Hordeum murinum L. (34.38 Adet/m2), Avena sterilis L. (26.29 Adet/m2), Trifolium repens L. (14.29 Adet/m2), Bromus tectorum L. (11.42 Adet/m2), (L.) L'Her. ex Aiton (8.47 Adet/m2) izlemişlerdir. Mücadele çalışmalarında 4 farklı etkili maddeli herbisit (Pendimethalin, Oxyfluorfen, Picloram+2,4 D, Aclonifen) tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Herbisitlerin yabancı ot kuru ağırlıklarına etkileri incelediğimizde ise, en yüksek etki, Oxyfluorfen herbisitinden (% 43.20) elde edilmiştir. Bu etkiyi en yakın etki olarak Picloram + 2,4 D (%43.18) izlemiştir. Diğer bir etkili uygulama olan Aclonifen etkileri (% 38.10) ve Phendimethalin (% 36.00), Solarizasyon (% 5.60) uygulamaları olmuştur.
This study was carried out to determine the presence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in green... more This study was carried out to determine the presence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in greenhouse-grown tomatoes and some weeds during growing seasons of 2005 and 2006 in Denizli Province of Turkey. 71 leaf samples and 7 fruit samples showing TSWV-like symptoms were tested using ELISA. The leaf samples showing positive results to ELISA test were also inoculated to indicator test plants. According to the results of ELISA tests, 43 out of 71 leaf samples, with the rate of 60,6% and 7 out of 7 fruit samples were found to be infected by TSWV. On the inoculated senstive herbaceous host plants including Nicotiana tabaccum cvs. "Samsun", N. rustica L., N. glutinosa L. and Datura stramonium L. were observed necrotic local lesion, chlorotic and necrotic spots and rings on inoculated leaves and systemic mosaic, necrotic pattern, leaf deformation and stunding. The effect of some weed species that may act as reservoir of TSWV were also investigated in the region. 10 weed species belonging to 9 families were tested and 7 weed species were found to be infected by TSWV.
This study was carried out to determine the presence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in green... more This study was carried out to determine the presence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in greenhouse-grown tomatoes and some weeds during growing seasons of 2005 and 2006 in Denizli Province of Turkey. 71 leaf samples and 7 fruit samples showing TSWV-like symptoms were tested using ELISA. The leaf samples showing positive results to ELISA test were also inoculated to indicator test plants. According to the results of ELISA tests, 43 out of 71 leaf samples, with the rate of 60,6% and 7 out of 7 fruit samples were found to be infected by TSWV. On the inoculated senstive herbaceous host plants including Nicotiana tabaccum cvs. "Samsun", N. rustica L., N. glutinosa L. and Datura stramonium L. were observed necrotic local lesion, chlorotic and necrotic spots and rings on inoculated leaves and systemic mosaic, necrotic pattern, leaf deformation and stunding. The effect of some weed species that may act as reservoir of TSWV were also investigated in the region. 10 weed species belonging to 9 families were tested and 7 weed species were found to be infected by TSWV.
Background and aimsBarnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv) is a major C4 weed in ric... more Background and aimsBarnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv) is a major C4 weed in rice fields. We aimed to explore a management strategy to reduce its competition with rice (Oryza sativa L.) (C3) in low-phosphorus (P) soil with varying soil moisture availability. Therefore, we investigated the effect of P placement at different depths.MethodsThe main experiment was conducted in pots (15 cm diameter, 70 cm height) filled with P-deficient soil as a replacement series with different plant combinations (rice and barnyard grass monocultures; four plants per pot, and a mixture of rice and barnyard grass; two plants of each species per pot) with two P placement depths (0–5 and 15–20 cm from the soil surface) and three moisture treatments (continuous flooding - CF, alternate wetting and drying - AWD, and top soil drying - TSD from flowering). The pots were maintained until crop maturity. A rhizobox experiment supplemented the main experiment to study the root system plasticity during the initial growth stages (i.e., after 14 and 28 days of growth).Key resultsPlacement of P in a deeper soil layer (15–20 cm) reduced the growth and P uptake of barnyard grass by over 70 and 80 %, respectively, irrespective of the plant combination, and moisture treatments, while such reductions were not observed in rice. Reduced growth and P uptake of barnyard grass were associated with the arrested root elongation even from the very early growth stages failing to search for P applied to 15–20 cm soil layer. In contrast, root elongation of rice increased from early growth stages when P was applied at 15–20 cm soil depth and reached the P-supplied soil layer to ensure P uptake. Average root diameter decreased by 12 %, and the percentage fine root production (i.e., < 0.4 mm diameter) increased by 8 % when P was applied at 15–20 cm deep compared with those at 0–5 cm depth.ConclusionsPhosphorous placement at 15–20 cm soil depth reduced the competitive ability of barnyard grass over rice in P-deficient soils, irrespective of the soil moisture management method.
Bu çalışma, 2009-2011 yıllarında Manisa ilinde geleneksel ve organik üzüm üretim yapılan bağlarda... more Bu çalışma, 2009-2011 yıllarında Manisa ilinde geleneksel ve organik üzüm üretim yapılan bağlarda sorun olan yabancı otların saptanması ve bu yabancı otlara karşı mücadele yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Manisa ili geleneksel ve organik üzüm üretimi yapılan bağlarda sorun olan yabancı otların belirlenmesi amacıyla 48 organik ve 76 geleneksel bağ alanında survey gerçekleştirilmiştir. Survey sonucunda; organik bağ alanlarında sıra arasında toplamda 54 adet yabancı ot türü belirlenmiştir. Bu türlerden 9'u Asteraceae, 5'i ise Poaceae familyasına ait türlerdir. Sıra üzerinde ise Poaceae familyasına ait 7 tür, Asteraceae familyasından 6 tür ve Brassicaceae familyasından 2 tür olmak üzere toplamda 44 tür tespit edilmiştir. Geleneksel bağ alanlarında sıra arasında Poaceae familyasına ait 6 tür, Asteraceae familyasından 4 tür başta olmak üzere 28 tür, sıra üzerinde ise Poaceae familyasına ait 5 tür, Asteraceae familyasından 4 tür başta olmak üzere 24 adet yabancı ot ...
This study was carried out to determine the effects of some tillage methods; it included conventi... more This study was carried out to determine the effects of some tillage methods; it included conventional tillage and conservation tillage with some weed control applications on weed manifestation in organic vineyards. The organic vineyard experiment area was designed as main and sub-plots. The effects of some methods of conventional tillage, no-tillage, and conservation tillage on weed coverage, densities, fresh weight, and dry weight were determined in the organic vineyard experiment area. These tillage methods were applied in the main plots. A chisel and heavy-duty disk harrow were used for conservation tillage methods. The plough and disc harrow were also applied as conventional methods. Other allelopathic methods (olive mill wastewater, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) were applied as sub-plots in the experiment area. As a result of the statistical analysis of the values obtained in the study, the most effective method, the application of the plough...
###EgeUn###Different methods other than herbicides are used for controlling weeds, especially in ... more ###EgeUn###Different methods other than herbicides are used for controlling weeds, especially in organic farming. New methods such as microwave applications are considered for controlling weed plants due to the growing concerns about herbicide resistance and chemical residues in the environment. In this study, different levels of microwave power with different forward speeds effects on the killing efficiency were determined on four weed varieties in three growing stages; cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.), Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.), Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) at laboratory conditions. For this purpose, weeds with three different development stages: weeds with four leaves, eight leaves, and weeds at seeding stage were exposed to minimum 1.6 kW and maximum 5.6 kW microwave power using laboratory prototype microwave oven with forward speeds in the range of 1 0.1 m s(-1). The 0-5 scale method was used for the evaluation of the data. Results showed that weeds could be killed only at lower speeds. Generally, cocklebur was required 2.4 kW energy at 0.3 m s(-1) forward speed. Black Nightshade, Johnson Grass and Bermuda Grass required much power than cocklebur. Johnson Grass and Bermuda Grass were killed at 4 and 5.6 kW microwave power level at 0.1 m s(-1) forward speed respectively.Ministry of Science, Industry, and Technology of TurkeyMinistry of Science, Industry & Technology - TurkeyThis research was supported by The Ministry of Science, Industry, and Technology of Turkey. The research was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey in the years of 2014-2017
Weeds are the main problems for organic and traditional cropping system. According to the researc... more Weeds are the main problems for organic and traditional cropping system. According to the researches, it was found that weeds decrease the yield by 21-61% especially in cotton and corn production. Herbicides use for controlling weeds destroys the environment and increases the cost. Recently microwave applications are considered for controlling weed plants due to the growing concerns about herbicide resistance and chemical residues in the environment. Recent studies proved that microwave can kill the weeds effectively. In this study, the possibilities of using microwave energy to kill the weeds between the rows were investigated in corn and cotton production at laboratory conditions. Four weed varieties cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense (L.)), Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum), Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon) were selected since they are the most common weeds found at corn and cotton production. In the experiment, weeds with three different developmen...
Çalışma 2007 yürütülmüştür. ve 2008 yıllarında Araştırmada İzmir İli kontrol, Ödemiş rimsulfuron’... more Çalışma 2007 yürütülmüştür. ve 2008 yıllarında Araştırmada İzmir İli kontrol, Ödemiş rimsulfuron’un İlçesi Bozdağ Beldesi 5 g/da (15 Ovacık gün ara ile 2 uygulama), imazapic’ın 2.5 ml/da (15 gün ara ile 2 uygulama), imazapic’ın 5 ml/da (tek uygulama 2.uygulama zamanında), glyphosate’ın 2.5 ml/da (15 gün ara ile 2 uygulama), glyphosate’ın 2.5 ml/da (tek uygulama 2.uygulama zamanında), glyphosate’ın 5 ml/da (15 gün ara ile 2 uygulama), messenger’ın 30 g/da (çiçeklenme öncesi ve hasattan 1 ay önce) patateste canavar otuna etkileri araştırılmıştır. Canavar otuna etkilerde kriter olarak toprak üstü canavar otu dal sayısı, bunların yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları alınmıştır. Ayrıca bu uygulamaların patates verimine etkileri de saptanmıştır. Bu amaçla denemeler her iki yılda da tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre sekiz karakter ve dört tekerürlü olarak kurulmuş ve değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Genel olarak denemelerin sonuçlarına bakıldığında; glyphosate’ı 5+5 ml/da dozu, canavar otu dal sayısı (% 94.8; % 66.1) ve kuru ağırlığını (% 97.8 ; % 62.2) her iki yılda da yüksek oranda azaltmıştır. Glyphosate’ın 2.5+2.5 ml/da dozu, canavar otu dal sayısı (% 85.2; % 71.5) ve kuru ağırlığını (% 91.5 ; % 65.62) her iki yılda da yüksek oranda azaltmıştır. İmazapic’ 2007 yılında her iki uygulaması % 50 civarında etkili olurken, 2008 yılında etki % 20 dolaylarında bulunmuştur. Messenger her iki yılda da canavar otuna karşı yetersiz etki göstermiştir. Rimsulfuron, 2007 yılında canavar otu dal sayısına etki bakımından % 46.5 etki gösterirken bu oran 2008 yılında % 67.6’ya çıkmıştır.This Ovacık study village. was In carried this study out in control, 2007 and rimsulfuron 2008 in 5 İzmir, g/da &Ouml;demiş (two applications – Bozdağ, with an interval of 15 days), imazapic 2.5 cc/da (two applications with an interval of 15 days), imazapic 2.5 cc/da (at the second treatment date), glyphosate 2.5 cc/da (two applications with an interval of 15 days), glyphosate 2.5 cc/da (at th second treatment date), glyphosate 5 cc/da (two applications with an interval of 15 days), messenger 30 g/da (1 mounth before the flowering and the harvest) effect of broomrape. The effects of the herbicides were evaluated by means of, broomrape above-ground bough number and it’s fresh and dry weights criteria. The effects of treatments on potato yield was also assessed. For this purpose studies were conducted in both years, according to randomized complete block design with four replications of eight characters. Results of the studies showed that glyphosate at 5 + 5 ml/da dose reduced broomrape number of branches (94.8%, 66.1%), and dry weight (97.8%, 62.2%) in both years. Glyphosate at 2.5+ 2.5 ml / da dose reduced branch number of broomrape (85.2%, 71.5%) and dry weight (91.5%, 65.62%) in both years. While efficacy of imazapic was around 50 % in 2007, it was around by 20 % in 2008. Messenger was ineffective broomrape in both years. Rimsulfuron affected the branches of broomrape by 46.5 % in 2007, but it inreased by 67.6 % in 2008
Bu calisma, 2009-2011 yillarinda Manisa ilinde geleneksel ve organik uzum uretim yapilan baglarda... more Bu calisma, 2009-2011 yillarinda Manisa ilinde geleneksel ve organik uzum uretim yapilan baglarda sorun olan yabanci otlarin saptanmasi ve bu yabanci otlara karsi mucadele yontemlerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. Organik bag alaninda bazi mucadele yontemlerin etkisini belirlemek amaciyla da calismalar yurutulmustur. Organik mucadele yontemlerinde ise malc tekstili, saman, talas, yer fistigi kabugu, tuylu fig, alevle yakma, zeytin karasuyu, traktor capasi, el capasi, arpa-fig karisik ekimi ve lahana artigi uygulamalari yer almistir. Calismada organik uygulamalarin yabanci otlara, verim, kalite kriterleri ve topragin fiziksel ve kimyasal ozelliklerine etkileri de belirlenmistir. Organik uygulamalarin topraga etkileri incelendiginde; en yuksek fosfor (P) zeytin karasuyu uygulamasindan, en yuksek organik madde miktari arpa + fig ve zeytin karasuyu uygulamalarindan elde edilmistir. Potasyum (K) degerleri incelendiginde ise en yuksek degerler traktor capasi ve zeytin karasuyu uygu...
In our study, we investigated how crop rotation of a spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), broccoli (Br... more In our study, we investigated how crop rotation of a spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mixture and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with maize (Zea mays L.) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) products affected the weed density and coverage area in organic crop production. The weed coverage areas and densities (weeds m–2) of summer crops produced in rotation with winter crops were compared with those of control plots in the experimental area. As a result of this comparison, the most effective winter crops for reducing weed density in silage maize were found to be broccoli (50.4%), barley + vetch (48.3%) and faba bean (45.3%). When the effect of winter crops on weeds in terms of muskmelon production was examined, barley + vetch (53.2%), broccoli (36.1%) and faba bean (33.4%) were found to reduce the density of weeds. In contrast, the application of barley + vetch (67.0%), faba bean (65.3) and bro...
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 2019
Arastirma 2015 yilinda Balikesir ve Canakkale illerinde bugday urunune karisan yabanci ot tohumla... more Arastirma 2015 yilinda Balikesir ve Canakkale illerinde bugday urunune karisan yabanci ot tohumlarinin tur ve miktarlarini belirlemek amaciyla 93 farkli yerden alinan 1 kg’lik orneklerle yurutulmustur. Calisma sonunda 1 kg urune ortalama, Balikesir il genelinde 207 adet, agirlik olarak ise 3.06 g yabanci ot tohumunun karistigi, Canakkale il genelinde ise 181 adet ve 2.98 g yabanci ot tohumu karistigi hesaplanmistir. Her iki ilde de bugday urunu icerisine 15 familyaya ait 45 farkli yabanci ot tohumunun karistigi belirlenmistir. Balikesir il genelinde sayisal olarak en fazla karisan yabanci ot tohumunun Sinapis arvensis L. (77.,53 adet/kg) oldugu belirlenirken, agirlik olarak ise Hordeum vulgare L. (0.7034 g/kg) oldugu saptanmistir. Canakkale il genelinde bugday urunune karisan yabanci ot tohumlari incelendiginde; sayisal olarak Galium aparine L.’nin (35.18 adet/kg) en fazla karisan yabanci ot oldugu, agirlik olarak ise H. vulgare (0.558 g/kg) en fazla bugday urunune karisan yabanci ot oldugu bulunmustur.
u çalışma 2013-2014 yıllarında İzmir ili Karaburun ilçesinde nergis ve sümbül tarlalarında sorun ... more u çalışma 2013-2014 yıllarında İzmir ili Karaburun ilçesinde nergis ve sümbül tarlalarında sorun olan yabancı otların ve mücadelelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yabancı ot survey çalışmasında en fazla rastlanma sıklığına sahip olan yabancı otun Oxalis pes-caprae L. (%94.7) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu yabancı ot ile birlikte Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. ex Aiton (%52.0), Bromus tectorum L. (% 50.0), Hordeum murinum L. (% 44.74) ve Gallium aparine L. (%44.7) ilk beş sırayı almışlardır. Rastlanma sıklığı en çok olan yabancı ot türü, ekşi ot (O. pes-caprae L.) olup istilacı yabancı ot olmasından dolayı ileriki yıllarda daha fazla yayılım göstereceği tahmin edilmektedir. Yabancı ot yoğunluğu bakımından en yoğun yabancı ot O. pes-caprae L. (115.42 adet/m 2) olarak bulunmuştur. Bunu sırasıyla, H. murinum L. (34.38 adet/m 2), Avena sterilis L. (26.29 adet/m 2), Trifolium repens L. (14.29 adet/m 2), B. tectorum L. (11.42 adet/m 2), E. cicutarium (8.47 adet/m 2) izlemişlerdir. Mücadele çalışmalarında 4 farklı etkili maddeli herbisit (pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, picloram+2,4 D, aclonifen) tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Herbisitlerin yabancı ot kuru ağırlıklarına etkileri incelediğimizde ise, en yüksek etki, oxyfluorfen herbisitinden (% 43.20) elde edilmiştir. Bunu picloram + 2,4 D (%43.18) izlemiştir. Diğer uygulamalardan olan aclonifen, pendimethalin ve solarizasyonun etkileri sırasıyla %38.10, %36.00 ve %5.60 olarak saptanmıştır. ABSTRACT his study was carried out for determine the problem weeds on daffodils and hyacinth in İzmir between 2013 and 2014. O. pes-caprae (94.74%) was determined as highest frequency of occurrence in study. E. cicutarium (52.0%), B. tectorum (50,0 %), H. murinum (44.74 %) and G.aparine (44.73%) together with this weed were listed in the survey as the first five weeds. As sour grass is the weed type with the highest frequency of occurrence (O. pes-caprae) and as it is an invasive weed, it is estimated that it will spread more in the following years. O. pes-caprae (115.42 Weeds/m 2) has been identified as the densest weed in terms of the weed density. H. murinum (34.38 Weeds/m 2), A. sterilis (26.29 Weeds/m 2), T. repens (14.29 Weeds/m 2), B. tectorum (11.42 Weeds/m 2), E. cicutarium (8.47 Weeds/m 2) followed it respectively. Herbicides with 4 different active substances were taken under evaluation in 3 replications according to a randomized complete block experiment design. When the effects of herbicides on weed dry weights, the greatest effect was obtained from Oxyfluorfen herbicide (43.20%). This effect was closely followed by Picloram + 2,4 D (43,18%). Other effective applications were Aclonifen effect (38.10%) and Phendimethalin (36.00%) and Solarization (5.60%).
Tamamlanmış olan TUBITAK 105G080 no'lu Ülkesel Canavar Otu (Orobanche spp.) Projesine bağlı 106G0... more Tamamlanmış olan TUBITAK 105G080 no'lu Ülkesel Canavar Otu (Orobanche spp.) Projesine bağlı 106G074 no'lu alt projedir.
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