Papers by jose Martinez Zapater
Plant Journal, 1999
Conditions to promote dark morphogenesis and¯owering in Arabidopsis have previously been limited ... more Conditions to promote dark morphogenesis and¯owering in Arabidopsis have previously been limited to liquid cultures and to a few laboratory ecotypes. We have obtained development and¯owering of Arabidopsis plants under complete darkness by growing them on vertical Petri dishes containing solid agar medium with sucrose. Under these conditions, all the ecotypes tested were able to develop, giving rise to etiolated plants that¯owered after producing a certain number of leaves. Dark-grown plants showed similarities with phytochrome-de®cient mutants and were different from de-etiolated or constitutive photomorphogenesis mutants such as det and cop. Late-and early-¯owering ecotypes, showing large differences in¯owering time and leaf number under long days,¯owered with a similar number of leaves when grown in the dark. Rapid dark¯owering of late-¯owering ecotypes was not an effect of darkness but the result of the interaction between dark and sucrose availability at the aerial part of the plant, since sucrose also had an effect when plants were grown in the light. Gibberellin-de®cient and insensitive mutants were delayed in the initiation of owers in the dark, indicating a role for these hormones in¯owering promotion in the dark. The late-¯owering phenotype of mutants at different loci of the autonomous and long-day-dependent¯owering induction pathways was rescued in dark growth conditions. However, the late-¯owering phenotype of ft and fwa mutants was not rescued by sucrose either in the dark or in the light, suggesting a different role for these genes in¯owering induction.
BMC Genomics, 2007
Background: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant type of DNA sequence pol... more Background: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant type of DNA sequence polymorphisms. Their higher availability and stability when compared to simple sequence repeats (SSRs) provide enhanced possibilities for genetic and breeding applications such as cultivar identification, construction of genetic maps, the assessment of genetic diversity, the detection of genotype/phenotype associations, or marker-assisted breeding. In addition, the efficiency of these activities can be improved thanks to the ease with which SNP genotyping can be automated. Expressed sequence tags (EST) sequencing projects in grapevine are allowing for the in silico detection of multiple putative sequence polymorphisms within and among a reduced number of cultivars. In parallel, the sequence of the grapevine cultivar Pinot Noir is also providing thousands of polymorphisms present in this highly heterozygous genome. Still the general application of those SNPs requires further validation since their use could be restricted to those specific genotypes.
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2000
Genetic similarities between 13 samples belonging to nine reference biotypes and two field popula... more Genetic similarities between 13 samples belonging to nine reference biotypes and two field populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), one field population of B. medinae Gómez-Menor and another of B. afer Priesner & Hosny, were evaluated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The results indicate that B. tabaci biotypes can be grouped together with a minimum similarity coefficient of 0.32 and separated from the two other species with a similarity coefficient of 0.07. Bemisia tabaci biotypes were grouped in four clusters which comprised: (i) Near East and Indian subcontinent biotypes; (ii) B and Q biotypes plus a Nigerian population from cowpea; (iii) New World A biotype; and (iv) S biotype and a Nigerian population from cassava. These results were consistent with a previous grouping of biotypes based on RAPD-PCR analysis. The AFLP assay allowed the scoring of a total of 354 polymorphic bands in two reaction events with the use of two primer combinations.
Anthocyanins, which accumulate in leaves and stems in response to low temperature and changes in ... more Anthocyanins, which accumulate in leaves and stems in response to low temperature and changes in light intensity, are synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway that is controlled by key enzymes that include phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS). In this work we demonstrate that PAL and CHS mRNAs accumulate in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (1.) Heynh. upon exposure to low temperature in a light-dependent manner. The regulation of the PALl gene expression by low temperature and light was examined by analyzing the expression of the P-glucuronidase (uidA) reporter gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing the uidA gene of Escherichia coli under the control of the PALl promoter. The results indicate that the accumulation of PAL 7 mRNA is transcriptionally regulated. Histochemical staining for P-glucuronidase activity showed that the PAL7 promoter i s preferentially activated in photosynthetically active cells, paralleling anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, we show that light may also be implicated in the regulation of the CHS gene in response to bacterial infiltration. Finally, using two fransparent testa Arabidopsis mutants that are unable to accumulate anthocyanins, we demonstrate that these pigments are not required for successful development of freezing tolerance in this species. ACKNOWLEDCMENTS We gratefully acknowledge C.J. Lamb for providing the PALZ probe and the transgenic Arabidopsis plants containi ng the PALZ promoter fusion; J.L. Dangl for providing the ELI3-2 probe and the www.plant.org on October 18, 2014 -Published by www.plantphysiol.org Downloaded from Cold-lnducible Accumulation of Arabidopsis PAL and CHS mRNAs 45 P. syringae strains distributed by the EC BRIDGE Arabidopsis T-Project DNA Stock Center in Koln; F.M. Ausubel for providing the CHS probe; and M. Koorneef for providing the tt mutant seeds. We also acknowledge the expert technical assistance of Juan Capel, Meza-Basso L (1990) Cold resistance in rapeseed (Brassicu nupus) seedlings. Searching biochemical markers of cold-tolerance. Arch Biol Med Exp 23: 187-194 41: 187-223 693-704 67-88 www.plant.org on October 18, 2014 -Published by www.plantphysiol.org Downloaded from
Transient increases in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca 2 ؉ ] cyt ) are essential for pl... more Transient increases in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca 2 ؉ ] cyt ) are essential for plant responses to a variety of environmental stimuli, including low temperature. Subsequent reestablishment of [Ca 2 ؉ ] cyt to resting levels by Ca 2 ؉ pumps and C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR/DEHYDRATION RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 1 ( Ca 2 ؉ /H ؉ ) antiporters is required for the correct transduction of the signal. We have isolated a cDNA from Arabidopsis that corresponds to a new cold-inducible gene, RARE COLD INDUCIBLE4 ( RCI4 ), which was identical to CALCIUM EXCHANGER 1 ( CAX1 ), a gene that encodes a vacuolar Ca 2 ؉ /H ؉ antiporter involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca 2 ؉ levels. The expression of CAX1 was induced in response to low temperature through an abscisic acid-independent pathway. To determine the function of CAX1 in Arabidopsis stress tolerance, we identified two T-DNA insertion mutants, cax1-3 and cax1-4 , that display reduced tonoplast Ca 2 ؉ /H ؉ antiport activity. The mutants showed no significant differences with respect to the wild type when analyzed for dehydration, high-salt, chilling, or constitutive freezing tolerance. However, they exhibited increased freezing tolerance after cold acclimation, demonstrating that CAX1 plays an important role in this adaptive response. This phenotype correlates with the enhanced expression of CBF/DREB1 genes and their corresponding targets in response to low temperature. Our results indicate that CAX1 ensures the accurate development of the cold-acclimation response in Arabidopsis by controlling the induction of CBF/DREB1 and downstream genes. 2 fax 34-91-357-3107. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/. Stimulation of the blue light phototropic receptor NPH1 causes a transient increase in cytosolic Ca 2ϩ . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 13554-13559. lase secretion from barley aleurone protoplasts. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 46, 466-469. Camacho, P., and Lechleiter, J.D. (1993). Increased frequency of calcium waves in Xenopus laevis oocytes that express a calcium-ATPase. Science 260, 226-229. Capel, J., Jarillo, J.A., Salinas, J., and Martinez-Zapater, J.M. (1997).
Gene, 2007
We report the generation and analysis of a total of 77,583 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from tw... more We report the generation and analysis of a total of 77,583 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars, Cabernet Sauvignon (wine grape) and Muscat Hamburg (table grape) with a focus on EST sequence quality and assembly optimization. The majority of the ESTs were derived from normalized cDNA libraries representing berry pericarp and seed developmental series, pooled non-berry tissues including root, flower, and leaf in Cabernet Sauvignon, and pooled tissues of berry, seed, and flower in Muscat Hamburg. EST and unigene sequence quality were determined by computational filtering coupled with small-scale contig reassembly, manual review, and BLAST analyses. EST assembly was optimized to better discriminate among closely related paralogs using two independent grape sequence sets, a previously published set of Vitis spp. gene families and our EST dataset derived from pooled leaf, flower, and root tissues of Cabernet Sauvignon. Sequence assembly within individual libraries indicated that those prepared from pooled tissues contributed the most to gene discovery. Annotations based upon searches against multiple databases including tomato and strawberry sequences helped to identify putative functions of ESTs and unigenes, particularly with respect to fleshy fruit development. Sequence comparison among the three wine grape libraries identified a number of genes preferentially expressed in the pericarp tissue, including transcription factors, receptor-like protein kinases, and hexose transporters. Gene ontology (GO) classification in the biological process aspect showed that GO categories corresponding to 'transport' and 'cell organization and biogenesis', which are associated with metabolite movement and cell wall structural changes during berry ripening, were higher in pericarp than in other tissues in the wine grape studied. The sequence data were used to characterize potential roles of new genes in berry development and composition.
Plant Molecular Biology, 1994
The abscisic acid-responsive gene rab17 is induced during maize embryo maturation and in vegetati... more The abscisic acid-responsive gene rab17 is induced during maize embryo maturation and in vegetative tissues under water stress conditions. To investigate how ABA is involved in the induction of the rab17 gene, we present here a genetic approach to analyse the transcriptional regulation of the 1.3 kb rab17 promoter fragment in transgenic wild-type Arabidopsis and mutants which are deficient (aba) and insensitive (abi1, abi2 and abi3) to ABA. During seed development the rab17 promoter fragment confers similar temporal and spatial regulation on the reporter gene GUS, both in transgenic wild-type and ABA-deficient and ABA-insensitive mutants. The rab17 promoter was only active in embryo and endosperm during late seed development, although the ABA-deficient embryo mutant showed a reduction in the level of GUS activity. During germination rab17 promoter activity decreases, and GUS activity is not enhanced by water stress in transgenic wild-type and mutant plants. In contrast, transcription of the Arabidopsis endogenous rab gene is stimulated by water stress, both in wild-type and ABA-insensitive mutants. Our data suggest that different molecular mechanisms mediate seed-specific expression and ABA water stress induction of the rab17 gene and indicate strong conservation of the seed-specific regulatory mechanism for rab genes in monocot and dicot plants.
Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2002
AFLP analysis using restriction enzyme isoschizomers that differ in their sensitivity to methylat... more AFLP analysis using restriction enzyme isoschizomers that differ in their sensitivity to methylation of their recognition sites has been used to analyse the methylation state of anonymous CCGG sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana. The technique was modified to improve the quality of fingerprints and to visualise larger numbers of scorable fragments. Sequencing of amplified fragments indicated that detection was generally associated with non-methylation of the cytosine to which the isoschizomer is sensitive. Comparison of EcoRI/HpaII and EcoRI/MspI patterns in different ecotypes revealed that 35–43% of CCGG sites were differentially digested by the isoschizomers. Interestingly, the pattern of digestion among different plants belonging to the same ecotype is highly conserved, with the rate of intra-ecotype methylation-sensitive polymorphisms being less than 1%. However, pairwise comparisons of methylation patterns between samples belonging to different ecotypes revealed differences in up to 34% of the methylation-sensitive polymorphisms. The lack of correlation between inter-ecotype similarity matrices based on methylation-insensitive or methylation-sensitive polymorphisms suggests that whatever the mechanisms regulating methylation may be, they are not related to nucleotide sequence variation.
Kimmerer TW, Kozlowsky TT (1982) Ethylene, ethane, acetaldehyde, and ethanol production by plants... more Kimmerer TW, Kozlowsky TT (1982) Ethylene, ethane, acetaldehyde, and ethanol production by plants under stress. Plant Physiol Koornneef M, Jorna ML, Brikhorst-Van der Swan DLC, Karssen CM (1982) The isolation of abscisic acid (ABA) deficient mutants by selection of induced revertants in non-germinating gibberellin sensitive lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Theor Appl Genet Koornneef M, Reuling G, Karssen CM (1984) The isolation and
Plant Journal, 1998
An As-hypertolerant Alishewanella sp. GIDC-5 (Accession no. HQ659190) was isolated from an efflue... more An As-hypertolerant Alishewanella sp. GIDC-5 (Accession no. HQ659190) was isolated from an effluent treatment plant of the industrial area near Sachin, Gujarat (India). In vitro studies revealed that GIDC-5 can tolerate 18 mM of arsenite [As(III)] and 220 mM of arsenate [As(V)]. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of arsenite transporters [arsB and ACR3(1)] and arsenite oxidase gene [aioB]. Specific activities of arsenite oxidase and arsenate reductase, located on membrane and cytoplasmic fractions respectively, increased in dose dependent manner with arsenite concentration. Also, specific activities of antioxidant enzymes viz., catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase increased in presence of arsenite. Increased exposure to arsenite changes enzyme activities of the glycolysis, Krebs and glyoxylate branches dramatically. These results reveal that along with ars operon, metabolic adaptation and antioxidant activities participate in As(III) tolerance in Alishewanella sp. GIDC-5.
Genome, 2002
The use of consensus chloroplast microsatellites primers for dicotyledonous chloroplast genomes r... more The use of consensus chloroplast microsatellites primers for dicotyledonous chloroplast genomes revealed the existence of intra and interspecific length variation within the genus Vitis. Three chloroplast microsatellite loci were found to be polymorphic in samples of Vitis vinifera, Vitis berlandieri, Vitis riparia, and Vitis rupestris out of a total of 10 consensus primer pairs tested. These polymorphisms were always due to a variable number of mononucleotide residues within A and (or) T stretches in the amplified regions. Chloroplast microsatellite polymorphisms were used to demonstrate the maternal inheritance of chloroplast in V. vinifera and to characterise the chloroplast haplotypes present in wine grape cultivars of this species grown in Spain and Greece. The different distribution of haplotype frequencies in the two ends of the Mediterranean growth area suggests the existence of independent domestication events for grapevine.
Plant Cell, 1997
We have analyzed double mutants that combine late-flowering mutations at four flowering-time loci... more We have analyzed double mutants that combine late-flowering mutations at four flowering-time loci (f E, FPA, F WA, and F T ) with mutations at the LEAFY ( L N ) , APETALA7 (AP7), and TERMlNAL FLOWER7 (TFL7) loci involved in the floral initiation process (FLIP). Double mutants between ft-7 or fwa-7 and lfy-6 completely lack flowerlike structures, indicating that both F WA and F T act redundantly with LF Y to control AP7. Moreover, the phenotypes of ft-7 ap7-7 and fwa-7 ap7-7 double mutants are reminiscent of the phenotype of ap7-7 cal-7 double mutants, suggesting that FWA and F T could also be involved in the control of other FLlP genes. Such extreme phenotypes were not observed in double mutants between f v e d or fpa-7 and lfy-6 or ap7-7. Each of these showed a phenotype similar to that of ap7-7 or lfy-6 mutants grown under noninductive photoperiods, suggesting a redundant interaction with FLlP genes. Finally, the phenotype of double mutants combining the late-flowering mutations with tfH-2 were also consistent with the different roles of flowering-time genes. 995). UFO: An Arabidopsis gene involved in both floral meristem and floral organ development. Plant Cell 7, 529-548.
BMC Research Notes, 2008
Background: Plant cell cultures have been shown as feasible systems for the production of seconda... more Background: Plant cell cultures have been shown as feasible systems for the production of secondary metabolites, being the elicitation with biotic or abiotic stimuli the most efficient strategy to increase the production of those metabolites. Vitaceae phytoalexins constitute a group of molecules belonging to the stilbene family which are derivatives of the trans-resveratrol structure and are produced by plants and cell cultures as a response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The potential benefits of resveratrol on human health have made it one of the most thoroughly studied phytochemical molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elicitor effect of both cyclodextrin (CD) and methyljasmonate (MeJA) on grapevine cell cultures by carrying out a quantitative analysis of their role on resveratrol production and on the expression of stilbene biosynthetic genes in Vitis vinifera cv Monastrell albino cell suspension cultures.
Plant Journal, 1995
... José M. Martínez-Zapater,; José A. Jarillo,; Marilyn Cruz-Alvarez ,; Marta Roldán,; Julio S... more ... José M. Martínez-Zapater,; José A. Jarillo,; Marilyn Cruz-Alvarez ,; Marta Roldán,; Julio Salinas. ... In wild-type plants, short-day photoperiods delay the floral transition as a consequence of lengthening all the developmental phases of the plant. ...
Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2006
The genetics and biochemistry of anthocyanins and flavonol biosynthesis and their role in plant o... more The genetics and biochemistry of anthocyanins and flavonol biosynthesis and their role in plant organ pigmentation is well established in model species. However, the genetic basis of colour variation is species specific and understanding this variation is very relevant in many fruit and flower crop species. Among grape cultivars, there is a wide genetic variation for berry colour ranging from yellow-green (“white” cultivars) to dark blue berries. Berry colour results from the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in the berry skin, which in plants is commonly regulated by transcription factors belonging to the MYB and bHLH families. In this work, we aimed to identify the major genetic determinants of berry colour variation in a large collection of table grape cultivars and somatic variants. The genetic analyses of berry colour in a few grape segregating progenies had previously identified a single locus on linkage group 2 responsible for colour variation. Furthermore, somatic variation for berry skin colour in cultivar Italia had been associated with the presence of a Gret1 retrotransposon in the promoter region of VvmybA1, a Myb gene whose expression is associated to skin colouration. The results show that VvmybA1 is the gene underlying the mapped locus controlling berry colour in grape. Additionally, the molecular analyses indicate that genetic and somatic berry colour variation can be associated to molecular variation at VvmybA1 in more than 95% of the analyzed cultivars. Thus, VvmybA1 is a major determinant of berry colour variation in table grape and its instability is the major cause of somatic variation for this trait.
Plant Journal, 1998
Low temperature treatment of dark-grown seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana results in a rapid incr... more Low temperature treatment of dark-grown seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana results in a rapid increase in the amount of mRNAs encoding for the major polypeptides of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (Lhcb1 genes). This increase is transient and seems to be due mainly to the accumulation of Lhcb1*3 transcripts, indicating that low temperature differentially regulates the expression of the Arabidopsis Lhcb1 gene family in the dark. A 1.34 kb fragment of the Lhcb1*3 promoter is sufficient to confer low temperature regulation to a reporter gene in transgenic Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings, suggesting that the regulation is occurring at the transcriptional level. The cold-induced accumulation of Lhcb1*3 mRNA is not part of a general response to stressful conditions since no accumulation is detected in response to water stress, anaerobiosis or salt stress. The amount of Lhcb1*3 mRNA decrease in response to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) suggesting that this phytohormone acts as a negative regulator. Moreover, the accumulation of Lhcb1*3 mRNAs in cold-treated ABA deficient etiolated seedlings is higher than that of wild-type and ABA insensitive etiolated seedlings, indicating that low temperature regulation of Lhcb1*3 is not mediated by ABA.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002
The Mediterranean populations of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) are typically small and have... more The Mediterranean populations of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) are typically small and have a scattered distribution, being threatened by human activities and forest fires. In the framework of the genetic-resources conservation program of this species, a native multi-age stand located in a Mediterranean area (central Spain) was studied using three highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellites (SSRs). Spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted using Moran's index in order to detect fine-scale structure in both natural regeneration and mature trees. The spatial pattern of seed flow based on dispersed progeny was studied using a highly reliable subset of parent-offspring matches obtained by means of parentage analysis and simulation-based calculation of statistical confidence. Maritime pine showed a fine-scale structure at the seedling stage. In natural regeneration, the autocorrelograms indicated a patch size of approximately 10 m. The fine-scale structure seems to be produced by a restricted seed gene flow. In fact, there was an excess of parent-offspring matches in a radius of 15 m from the parent trees. Pines with a heavy seed, such as P. pinaster, are expected to have a short dispersal distance, thus producing a fine-scale structure. However, the fine-scale structure did not persist in the mature trees. Within-population genetic structure in Mediterranean pines may be affected by a number of post-dispersal events (e.g. mortality due to the severity of the Mediterranean climate and animal-mediated secondary dispersal during the summer period). Thus, great alteration in the pattern produced by the initial seed rain and differences in genetic structure between tree cohorts are expected.
Plant Molecular Biology, 2007
The FT/TFL1 gene family encodes proteins with similarity to phosphatidylethanolamine binding prot... more The FT/TFL1 gene family encodes proteins with similarity to phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins which function as flowering promoters and repressors. We show here that the FT/TFL1 gene family in Vitis vinifera is composed of at least five genes. Sequence comparisons with homologous genes identified in other dicot species group them in three major clades, the FT, MFT and TFL1 subfamilies, the latter including three of the Vitis sequences. Gene expression patterns are in agreement with a role of VvFT and VvMFT as flowering promoters; while VvTFL1A, VvTFL1B and VvTFL1C could be associated with vegetative development and maintenance of meristem indetermination. Overexpression of VvFT in transgenic Arabidopsis plants generates early flowering phenotypes similar to those produced by FT supporting a role for this gene in flowering promotion. Overexpression of VvTFL1A does not affect flowering time but the determination of flower meristems, strongly altering inflorescence structure, which is consistent with the biological roles assigned to similar genes in other species.
Molecular and General Genetics, 1986
Three members of a family of highly repeated DNA sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana have been cl... more Three members of a family of highly repeated DNA sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana have been cloned and characterized. The repeat unit has an average length of 180 bp and is tandemly repeated in arrays longer than 50 kb. This family represents more than one percent of the Arabidopsis genome. Sequence comparisons with tandemly repeated DNA sequences from other Cruciferae species show several regions of homology and a similar length of the repeat unit. Homologies are also found to highly repeated sequences from other plant species. When the sequence CCGG occurs in the repeated DNA, the inner cytosine is generally methylated.
Planta, 2000
The roles of gibberellins, abscisic acid and phytochrome B in the vernalization response were in... more The roles of gibberellins, abscisic acid and phytochrome B in the vernalization response were investigated by combining mutations causing defects in their biosynthesis and response with the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. fca-1 mutation. The fca-1 mutation confers a very late-flowering phenotype which can be reversed to wild-type flowering if the seedlings are vernalized. Vernalization was unaffected in ga1-3, gai, abi1-1, abi2-1, abi3-1 and phyB-1 backgrounds, suggesting that gibberellin action mediated via GA1 and GAI, abscisic acid action mediated through ABI1 and ABI2, and phytochrome B, function independently of vernalization. However, the mutations did interact with fca-1 to change flowering time in the absence of vernalization. The abi1 fca-1 and abi2 fca-1 double mutants flowered earlier than fca-1 implying a role for abscisic acid in floral repression. Combination of ga1-3 or gai with fca-1 unexpectedly resulted in opposite interactions, with gai partially suppressing the late flowering of fca-1.
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Papers by jose Martinez Zapater