Lymantria dispar (Gypsy moths) are an invasive species in North America that devastate forests by... more Lymantria dispar (Gypsy moths) are an invasive species in North America that devastate forests by causing mass defoliation. While L. dispar populations persist each year in an expanding range, defoliation events are most extreme during outbreak years.
El sector electrico es considerado como uno de los sectores con mayor importancia y sensibilidad ... more El sector electrico es considerado como uno de los sectores con mayor importancia y sensibilidad en temas economicos, sociales y ambientales, ya que este es impulsado por el crecimiento de las industrias y desarrollo de las ciudades, lo que a su vez, genera impactos de gran magnitud en cada uno de estos ambitos. El sector se ha convertido en uno de los referentes institucionales y regulatorios para otros servicios publicos. La contextualizacion de las generalidades del sector, el analisis de los eslabones de la cadena de abastecimiento y el analisis del potencial electrico Colombiano, hacen posible un conocimiento amplio de sus condiciones, fortalezas y debilidades, que permiten dar un pronostico aproximado de la viabilidad de llevar a cabo los proyectos de expansion e internacionalizacion que se han propuesto.
Diabetics rationing their insulin because they can't afford the full dose. Senior citizens ch... more Diabetics rationing their insulin because they can't afford the full dose. Senior citizens choosing between filling their prescriptions and buying groceries. Parents hoping an expired EpiPen will still work if their child has an allergic reaction. {{p}} Stories about Americans unable to pay the high cost of prescription drugs are not new. But in recent years, drug prices have drawn increased attention from policymakers on both sides of the aisle, prompted by the advent of expensive new treatments for Hepatitis C, cancer, and other illnesses, as well as steep price increases for existing treatments such as EpiPens and insulin. Prices look especially high when compared to those in many other developed countries, particularly in Europe.
The local conformation of DNA plays a critical role in the recognition-andbinding process of tran... more The local conformation of DNA plays a critical role in the recognition-andbinding process of transcription factors. In particular, the most common form of the DNA double helix, B-DNA, exists as a conformational equilibrium between BI and BII substates that are associated with changes in major and minor groove dimensions. It has been hypothesized that cytosine methylation, the most common epigenetic modification and one that is often found in so-called CpG islands, modulates transcription factor binding affinity by altering the BI-BII equilibrium in the neighborhood of methylation sites. Indeed, previous molecular dynamics studies have suggested that cytosine methylation leads to a uniform stabilization of the BI substate in CpG islands. In this work we first benchmark the ability of the latest Amber DNA force fields and a variety of three-point water models to reproduce BI-BII equilibrium in the Dickerson dodecamer and reduce terminal base pair fraying. Using the best-performing combinations, we then reexamine the conformational effects of cytosine methylation in a prototypical CpG island, (GC) 5. We find that the BI substate is stabilized for GpC steps in such sequences, but that the BII substate is stabilized for the CpG steps. More interestingly, the Amber ff99bsc0 DNA force field used in previous studies yields opposite conclusions. These findings highlight the need for continued fixed-charge force field development for nucleic acids, as well as solution state experimental datasets involving epigenetic modification that can serve as benchmarks for simulation accuracy.
Arizona matters to us. Arizona is what Jacqueline Jones Royster would call our "home place." 1 We... more Arizona matters to us. Arizona is what Jacqueline Jones Royster would call our "home place." 1 We studied together at the University of Arizona during the passing of SB 1070, which legalized racially profiling Latin@s "reasonably suspected" of being undocumented, and HB 2281, which outlawed Mexican American Studies in Tucson Unified School District. Because of our research and Arizona ties, we are responding to the recent
The design of a drug that successfully overcomes the constraints imposed by the blood−brain barri... more The design of a drug that successfully overcomes the constraints imposed by the blood−brain barrier (BBB, which acts as a gatekeeper to the entry of substances into the brain) requires an understanding of the biological firewall. It is also of utmost importance to understand the physicochemical properties of the said drug and how it engages the BBB to avoid undesired side effects. Since fewer than 5% of the tested molecules can pass through the BBB, drug development pertaining to brain-related disorders takes inordinately long to develop. Furthermore, in most cases it is also unsuccessful for allied reasons. Several drug delivery systems (DDSs) have shown excellent potential in drug delivery across the BBB while demonstrating minimal side effects. This mini-review summarizes key features of the BBB, recapitulates recent advances in our understanding of the BBB, and highlights existing strategies for the delivery of drug to the brain parenchyma.
El derecho de acceso a la justicia, derecho humano y principio básico del Estado de Derecho, es e... more El derecho de acceso a la justicia, derecho humano y principio básico del Estado de Derecho, es esencial para garantizar un desarrollo sostenible y sociedades más justas y pacíficas. Para asegurar su efectividad, los Estados deben implementar medidas para salvaguardar, entre otros, derechos, garantías y protección judicial. Razón por la que creemos, debemos referirnos a la Agenda de la ONU sobre los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, particularmente el objetivo 16: Acceso a la justicia, para hacer una crítica respecto de la creación de estrategias y acciones en un tema que se ha omitido por el legislador mexicano, la indemnización por error judicial. Ya que el marco legal y de interpretación no contribuye a exigirle al Estado una responsabilidad directa y objetiva por los daños causados a una persona que ha sido privada de su libertad injustamente.
Los patrones de conducta femeninos tienden a ser más rígidos en la vida cotidiana que en las tele... more Los patrones de conducta femeninos tienden a ser más rígidos en la vida cotidiana que en las telenovelas; esta investigación se propone como objetivo central reflexionar acerca de los límites que establecen las representaciones al modelo femenino vigente, y sobre las transgresiones que propone la telenovela argentina.Ante esto, nos interesa interrogar acerca de las rupturas y continuidades que se pueden hallar en las narrativas de ficción contemporáneas, qué patrones se repiten y cuáles se han transformado.
he gap between people in the highest percentiles of earnings and wealth distributions and the res... more he gap between people in the highest percentiles of earnings and wealth distributions and the rest of society has grown sig-ni…cantly during the past several decades, a fact that has led to considerable public discussion about the nature of opportunities available in the United States. Often overlooked in this debate, however, is the importance of economic mobility-the extent to which people are able to move up and down the income ladder-in determining what inequality implies for opportunity. If mobility is high, for example, the level of inequality at any point in time is not necessarily cause for concern, since it's possible that today's poor will be tomorrow's rich. The potential for such upward mobility is the foundation of the American dream that has lured generations of immigrants to the United States. The dream endures today. Nearly half of Americans aged 18-29 believe they will become rich at some point in their lifetimes, according to a 2012 Gallup Poll. But the odds are against them: In 2010 (the most recent year for which the Internal Revenue Service has published data), only about 5 percent of U.S. households earned more than $150,000 per year, and about 1 percent earned more than $350,000 per year. (See Figure 1). Most of those people, moreover, were not born to poor parents-especially not in recent years. Understanding economic mobility is essential to understanding how observed levels and patterns of economic inequality relate to the implicit promise of American life. But this is complicated. Mobility and The authors would like to thank Huberto Ennis, Arantxa Jarque, Marianna Kudlyak, Karl Rhodes, and Aaron Steelman for valuable discussions and insights. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond or the Federal Reserve System.
Resumen: En este trabajo abordaremos de forma detallada la cria en cautividad de un pinguino maga... more Resumen: En este trabajo abordaremos de forma detallada la cria en cautividad de un pinguino magallanico (Spheniscus magellanicus). Explicaremos el manejo de la incubadora y la nacedora, la pauta de alimentacion y los registros de los pesos diarios. Una vez alcanzada la edad y el peso optimos se pasara a la cuarentena, describiremos en que consiste y que condiciones debe cumplir. Una vez finalizado este periodo se llevara a cabo la reintroduccion en el grupo.
The "unemployment gap" is an important factor in monetary policy decisions. But the siz... more The "unemployment gap" is an important factor in monetary policy decisions. But the size of the gap depends on the level of natural rate of unemployment, which is inherently unobservable. The uncertainty surrounding estimates of the natural rate, and the costs of mismeasuring it, may recommend a policy rule that responds to the rate of change in the actual unemployment
Lymantria dispar (Gypsy moths) are an invasive species in North America that devastate forests by... more Lymantria dispar (Gypsy moths) are an invasive species in North America that devastate forests by causing mass defoliation. While L. dispar populations persist each year in an expanding range, defoliation events are most extreme during outbreak years.
El sector electrico es considerado como uno de los sectores con mayor importancia y sensibilidad ... more El sector electrico es considerado como uno de los sectores con mayor importancia y sensibilidad en temas economicos, sociales y ambientales, ya que este es impulsado por el crecimiento de las industrias y desarrollo de las ciudades, lo que a su vez, genera impactos de gran magnitud en cada uno de estos ambitos. El sector se ha convertido en uno de los referentes institucionales y regulatorios para otros servicios publicos. La contextualizacion de las generalidades del sector, el analisis de los eslabones de la cadena de abastecimiento y el analisis del potencial electrico Colombiano, hacen posible un conocimiento amplio de sus condiciones, fortalezas y debilidades, que permiten dar un pronostico aproximado de la viabilidad de llevar a cabo los proyectos de expansion e internacionalizacion que se han propuesto.
Diabetics rationing their insulin because they can't afford the full dose. Senior citizens ch... more Diabetics rationing their insulin because they can't afford the full dose. Senior citizens choosing between filling their prescriptions and buying groceries. Parents hoping an expired EpiPen will still work if their child has an allergic reaction. {{p}} Stories about Americans unable to pay the high cost of prescription drugs are not new. But in recent years, drug prices have drawn increased attention from policymakers on both sides of the aisle, prompted by the advent of expensive new treatments for Hepatitis C, cancer, and other illnesses, as well as steep price increases for existing treatments such as EpiPens and insulin. Prices look especially high when compared to those in many other developed countries, particularly in Europe.
The local conformation of DNA plays a critical role in the recognition-andbinding process of tran... more The local conformation of DNA plays a critical role in the recognition-andbinding process of transcription factors. In particular, the most common form of the DNA double helix, B-DNA, exists as a conformational equilibrium between BI and BII substates that are associated with changes in major and minor groove dimensions. It has been hypothesized that cytosine methylation, the most common epigenetic modification and one that is often found in so-called CpG islands, modulates transcription factor binding affinity by altering the BI-BII equilibrium in the neighborhood of methylation sites. Indeed, previous molecular dynamics studies have suggested that cytosine methylation leads to a uniform stabilization of the BI substate in CpG islands. In this work we first benchmark the ability of the latest Amber DNA force fields and a variety of three-point water models to reproduce BI-BII equilibrium in the Dickerson dodecamer and reduce terminal base pair fraying. Using the best-performing combinations, we then reexamine the conformational effects of cytosine methylation in a prototypical CpG island, (GC) 5. We find that the BI substate is stabilized for GpC steps in such sequences, but that the BII substate is stabilized for the CpG steps. More interestingly, the Amber ff99bsc0 DNA force field used in previous studies yields opposite conclusions. These findings highlight the need for continued fixed-charge force field development for nucleic acids, as well as solution state experimental datasets involving epigenetic modification that can serve as benchmarks for simulation accuracy.
Arizona matters to us. Arizona is what Jacqueline Jones Royster would call our "home place." 1 We... more Arizona matters to us. Arizona is what Jacqueline Jones Royster would call our "home place." 1 We studied together at the University of Arizona during the passing of SB 1070, which legalized racially profiling Latin@s "reasonably suspected" of being undocumented, and HB 2281, which outlawed Mexican American Studies in Tucson Unified School District. Because of our research and Arizona ties, we are responding to the recent
The design of a drug that successfully overcomes the constraints imposed by the blood−brain barri... more The design of a drug that successfully overcomes the constraints imposed by the blood−brain barrier (BBB, which acts as a gatekeeper to the entry of substances into the brain) requires an understanding of the biological firewall. It is also of utmost importance to understand the physicochemical properties of the said drug and how it engages the BBB to avoid undesired side effects. Since fewer than 5% of the tested molecules can pass through the BBB, drug development pertaining to brain-related disorders takes inordinately long to develop. Furthermore, in most cases it is also unsuccessful for allied reasons. Several drug delivery systems (DDSs) have shown excellent potential in drug delivery across the BBB while demonstrating minimal side effects. This mini-review summarizes key features of the BBB, recapitulates recent advances in our understanding of the BBB, and highlights existing strategies for the delivery of drug to the brain parenchyma.
El derecho de acceso a la justicia, derecho humano y principio básico del Estado de Derecho, es e... more El derecho de acceso a la justicia, derecho humano y principio básico del Estado de Derecho, es esencial para garantizar un desarrollo sostenible y sociedades más justas y pacíficas. Para asegurar su efectividad, los Estados deben implementar medidas para salvaguardar, entre otros, derechos, garantías y protección judicial. Razón por la que creemos, debemos referirnos a la Agenda de la ONU sobre los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, particularmente el objetivo 16: Acceso a la justicia, para hacer una crítica respecto de la creación de estrategias y acciones en un tema que se ha omitido por el legislador mexicano, la indemnización por error judicial. Ya que el marco legal y de interpretación no contribuye a exigirle al Estado una responsabilidad directa y objetiva por los daños causados a una persona que ha sido privada de su libertad injustamente.
Los patrones de conducta femeninos tienden a ser más rígidos en la vida cotidiana que en las tele... more Los patrones de conducta femeninos tienden a ser más rígidos en la vida cotidiana que en las telenovelas; esta investigación se propone como objetivo central reflexionar acerca de los límites que establecen las representaciones al modelo femenino vigente, y sobre las transgresiones que propone la telenovela argentina.Ante esto, nos interesa interrogar acerca de las rupturas y continuidades que se pueden hallar en las narrativas de ficción contemporáneas, qué patrones se repiten y cuáles se han transformado.
he gap between people in the highest percentiles of earnings and wealth distributions and the res... more he gap between people in the highest percentiles of earnings and wealth distributions and the rest of society has grown sig-ni…cantly during the past several decades, a fact that has led to considerable public discussion about the nature of opportunities available in the United States. Often overlooked in this debate, however, is the importance of economic mobility-the extent to which people are able to move up and down the income ladder-in determining what inequality implies for opportunity. If mobility is high, for example, the level of inequality at any point in time is not necessarily cause for concern, since it's possible that today's poor will be tomorrow's rich. The potential for such upward mobility is the foundation of the American dream that has lured generations of immigrants to the United States. The dream endures today. Nearly half of Americans aged 18-29 believe they will become rich at some point in their lifetimes, according to a 2012 Gallup Poll. But the odds are against them: In 2010 (the most recent year for which the Internal Revenue Service has published data), only about 5 percent of U.S. households earned more than $150,000 per year, and about 1 percent earned more than $350,000 per year. (See Figure 1). Most of those people, moreover, were not born to poor parents-especially not in recent years. Understanding economic mobility is essential to understanding how observed levels and patterns of economic inequality relate to the implicit promise of American life. But this is complicated. Mobility and The authors would like to thank Huberto Ennis, Arantxa Jarque, Marianna Kudlyak, Karl Rhodes, and Aaron Steelman for valuable discussions and insights. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond or the Federal Reserve System.
Resumen: En este trabajo abordaremos de forma detallada la cria en cautividad de un pinguino maga... more Resumen: En este trabajo abordaremos de forma detallada la cria en cautividad de un pinguino magallanico (Spheniscus magellanicus). Explicaremos el manejo de la incubadora y la nacedora, la pauta de alimentacion y los registros de los pesos diarios. Una vez alcanzada la edad y el peso optimos se pasara a la cuarentena, describiremos en que consiste y que condiciones debe cumplir. Una vez finalizado este periodo se llevara a cabo la reintroduccion en el grupo.
The "unemployment gap" is an important factor in monetary policy decisions. But the siz... more The "unemployment gap" is an important factor in monetary policy decisions. But the size of the gap depends on the level of natural rate of unemployment, which is inherently unobservable. The uncertainty surrounding estimates of the natural rate, and the costs of mismeasuring it, may recommend a policy rule that responds to the rate of change in the actual unemployment
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