The Internet and the Web are evolving embracing semantics and pragmatics of data, information and... more The Internet and the Web are evolving embracing semantics and pragmatics of data, information and knowledge. Part of this evolution is Internet-ofThings (IoT) in various forms. This includes design principles based on the original idea of the Internet and the Web: free of charge, bottom-up approach, self-organizing and co-creation. In this paper we will unfold how it is possible to use the IoT as a playground in a digital and social development, where the traditional simple dichotomy between state and market description of economies is challenged by the complexity of new institutional economies, transaction cost theories, commons based peer-production and governance of common pool resources. By using these new economies we envision that Participatory Innovation and Business Opportunity should take place in polycentric units of relations, where production, exchange and consumption of IoT resources are ‘designed’ based on selforganizing principles. We identify and combine four approac...
In this paper we report on a explorative empirical study on implementing ERP systems in SMEs. Rep... more In this paper we report on a explorative empirical study on implementing ERP systems in SMEs. Representatives from the different links in the value chain; user, customer, consultant and vendor were interviewed to investigate the process. The function of the qualitative interviews is probing for information. The interviews were conducted to shed light on the experiences of the different links across the value chain, and to uncover potential challenges in the implementation process. The analysis shows that the informants have radically different experiences and understandings of the ERP implementation process, depending upon their position in the value chain. An example, the consultants argue that they implement a system based upon the "right" information that the customer has delivered. The customer, on the other hand, chooses a consulting company that can provide trust and safety-because he does not understand the technicalities of customized ERP systems. We argue that the views uncovered through the informants retrospective stories, if understood as complementary, may be used to identify future challenges that the ERP community must address.
To solve common bottlenecks in the innovation and development process known as the "European Para... more To solve common bottlenecks in the innovation and development process known as the "European Paradox" or the "Latin American Innovative Gap", we introduce different experiences of training and education at graduate level. The main objective of this study is to analyze different cases from Europe and Latin America to synthetize a model of technology and innovation management. Conceptually, the model focuses on competences, tools, skills and behaviors. From this knowledge base, we derive a new model of learning for higher education, using an organizational framework. Our model of learning includes different ways to obtain a panoply of competencies to identify technology and innovation management issues at individual business and regional level, particularly for small-and-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The model addresses innovation challenges related to new innovative relationships and product opportunities emerging from traditional sectors, but also from nanotechnology, biotech and ICT fields, with particular emphasis on environmental and sustainability problems. We suggest that our two models may serve as the foundation for designing a curricular master's program for higher education, in accordance with the Latin American and European realities.
... 385-397 [11] Nielsen Janni, Clemmensen T., Yssing C.(2002), Getting access to what goes on in... more ... 385-397 [11] Nielsen Janni, Clemmensen T., Yssing C.(2002), Getting access to what goes on in people's heads ... Polanyi, Michael (1967) Logic and Psychology, American Psychologist 23, p. 27-43 [14] Schooler Jonathan W., Stellan Uhlsson and Kevin Brooks (1993), Thoughts ...
I dette paper argumenterer vi for brugen af kunde centreret design i foranalysen, når der designe... more I dette paper argumenterer vi for brugen af kunde centreret design i foranalysen, når der designes komplekse systemer. gennem kunde centreret design kan HCI udvide fokus på slutbrugerne så der skabes overensstemmelse mellem kunde og slutbrugers behov, kontext og ressourcer.
Kekule is describing hon'' in 1890 he discovered the benzol rine. It was not the ter.t wh... more Kekule is describing hon'' in 1890 he discovered the benzol rine. It was not the ter.t which made him see the light. On the contrary, the new insight was born from an associative, half conscious perception of visual dynamic images: the snakes dance, and one of them, and notice this mockinglv gets hold of its own taii. Was it mockingly because the scientific discovery was right there before his very eyes, but he could not see itbecause of all the words? It was seeing with the mind's eye which was the basis for a new understanding, and it was imagination which played a crucial role in bringing forward a new scientific discovery. It is this ability to imagine things, to disregard the written word, and see the meaning in a visual image which catches my attention, because the human being is a visual being. It is with the eyes we meet the world. And whether it is images in the outer world, or images seen with our mind's eye, it is visual perception which rules.r
International journal of humanities and social sciences, 2013
This paper invites to dialogue and reflections on innovation and entrepreneurship by presenting c... more This paper invites to dialogue and reflections on innovation and entrepreneurship by presenting concepts of innovation leading to the introduction of a complex theoretical framework; Cooperative Innovation (CO-IN). CO-IN is a didactic model enhancing and scaffolding processes of cooperation creating innovation drawing on a Scandinavian tradition. CO-IN is based on a cross-sectorial and multidisciplinary approach. We introduce the concept of complementarity to help capture the validity of diversity and we suggest the concept of “the space in between” to understand the creation of identity as a collective mind. We see dialogue and the use of multi modal techniques as essential tools for conceptualizations giving possibility for clarification of the complexity and diversity leading to decision making based on knowledge as commons. We introduce the didactic design and present our empirical findings from an innovation workshop in Argentina. In a final paragraph we reflect on the design a...
Think Aloud is cost effective, promises access to the user’s mind and is the applied usability te... more Think Aloud is cost effective, promises access to the user’s mind and is the applied usability technique. But ”keep talking” is difficult, besides, the multimodal interface is visual not verbal. Eye-tracking seems to get around the verbalisation problem. It captures the visual focus of attention. However, it is expensive, obtrusive and produces huge amount of data. Besides, eye-tracking do not give access to user’s mind. Capturing interface/cursor tracking may be cost effective. It is easy to install, data collection is automatic and unobtrusive and replaying the captured recording to the user and probing about her actions and thoughts open for participatory analysis.
The paper presents different theoretical perspectives on visual communication all of which point ... more The paper presents different theoretical perspectives on visual communication all of which point towards design of IT-media. The authors represented come from communication studies, film and media analysis and architecture, but they all aim to contribute to a theoretical framework of digital design. The intention of the paper is to discuss the different theoretical perspectives and see how far they may take us towards and to which extent it will be possible to contribute to an interdisciplinary theoretical framework for design of interactive interfaces. The interface is visual and designed to communicate, but it is interaction that distinguishes digital interfaces from the more traditional media. It is argued that without the imaginative power of the user’s mind, visual communication will not open for interaction. Hence, it is necessary to integrate a psychological theory into the interdisciplinary theoretical framework.
The transition from the industrial to the networked society produces contradictions that challeng... more The transition from the industrial to the networked society produces contradictions that challenges the educational system and force it to adapt to new conditions. In a Danish virtual Master in Information and Communication Technologies and Learning (MIL) these contradictions appear as a field of tension between time resources and the demand for educational quality. Our approach is based on constructivist and social constructivist traditions but we are required to measure students according to a list of learning goals. ...
Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction - NordiCHI '02, 2002
One of the basic usability testing techniques the HCI community draws on, and which stands out as... more One of the basic usability testing techniques the HCI community draws on, and which stands out as unique, is thinking aloud. We introduce the many names, uses and modifications of the classical think aloud technique, and ask the rhetorical question: What do researchers think they get when they ask people to think aloud? We answer it by discussing the classical work of Ericsson and Simon(1984), in particular their distinction between vocalisation, verbalisation and retrospective reports and the relation to short term memory. Reintroducing the psychological perspective and the focus on higher order cognitive processes, we argue that access to subjective experience is possible in terms of introspection and describe a technique that invites the user to become a participant in the analysis of his or her own cognitive processes. We suggest that use of think aloud has as a prerequisite explicit descriptions of design, test procedure and framework for analysis. We point out, however, that if the aim is to get access to human thinking, HCI research may benefit from experimental research.
This paper builds on a key finding of a 5-year Danish research project concerning children in the... more This paper builds on a key finding of a 5-year Danish research project concerning children in the 7 to 15 age group: children's principal use of computers and the internet takes place in their spare time, and it is during their spare time that the majority of children really learn how to use interactive media. The project shows that in children's spare-time use of ICT they employ informal forms of learning based to a large extent on their social interaction both in physical and virtual spaces. These informal learning forms can be identified as learning hierarchies, learning communities and learning networks; they are important contributions to the school of the knowledge society. The ICT in New Learning Environments project based on anthropologically inspired methods and social learning theories shows that students bring their informal forms of learning into the school context. This happens particularly when the school has undergone physical alterations and when its organisation of learning and teaching are also restructured, with project-based learning becoming an important part of the school work and with the media available in the learning environment. Using organisation theory, the school working with ICT and projectbased learning is shown to simultaneously constitute a mixed mode between the school of the industrial and the knowledge society. The research shows that it is possible to tip the balance in the direction of the school of the knowledge society, and thus of the future, by comprehensively using ICT and project work in the day-today activities of the school, alongside and integrated with the traditional forms of learning, and not least by employing the informal learning processes children develop outside school. For teachers this will mean an extension of their function: no longer merely communicators of knowledge, they will have to become knowledge managers and overall leaders of projects, and this entails much more dialogue with the pupils.
The Internet and the Web are evolving embracing semantics and pragmatics of data, information and... more The Internet and the Web are evolving embracing semantics and pragmatics of data, information and knowledge. Part of this evolution is Internet-ofThings (IoT) in various forms. This includes design principles based on the original idea of the Internet and the Web: free of charge, bottom-up approach, self-organizing and co-creation. In this paper we will unfold how it is possible to use the IoT as a playground in a digital and social development, where the traditional simple dichotomy between state and market description of economies is challenged by the complexity of new institutional economies, transaction cost theories, commons based peer-production and governance of common pool resources. By using these new economies we envision that Participatory Innovation and Business Opportunity should take place in polycentric units of relations, where production, exchange and consumption of IoT resources are ‘designed’ based on selforganizing principles. We identify and combine four approac...
In this paper we report on a explorative empirical study on implementing ERP systems in SMEs. Rep... more In this paper we report on a explorative empirical study on implementing ERP systems in SMEs. Representatives from the different links in the value chain; user, customer, consultant and vendor were interviewed to investigate the process. The function of the qualitative interviews is probing for information. The interviews were conducted to shed light on the experiences of the different links across the value chain, and to uncover potential challenges in the implementation process. The analysis shows that the informants have radically different experiences and understandings of the ERP implementation process, depending upon their position in the value chain. An example, the consultants argue that they implement a system based upon the "right" information that the customer has delivered. The customer, on the other hand, chooses a consulting company that can provide trust and safety-because he does not understand the technicalities of customized ERP systems. We argue that the views uncovered through the informants retrospective stories, if understood as complementary, may be used to identify future challenges that the ERP community must address.
To solve common bottlenecks in the innovation and development process known as the "European Para... more To solve common bottlenecks in the innovation and development process known as the "European Paradox" or the "Latin American Innovative Gap", we introduce different experiences of training and education at graduate level. The main objective of this study is to analyze different cases from Europe and Latin America to synthetize a model of technology and innovation management. Conceptually, the model focuses on competences, tools, skills and behaviors. From this knowledge base, we derive a new model of learning for higher education, using an organizational framework. Our model of learning includes different ways to obtain a panoply of competencies to identify technology and innovation management issues at individual business and regional level, particularly for small-and-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The model addresses innovation challenges related to new innovative relationships and product opportunities emerging from traditional sectors, but also from nanotechnology, biotech and ICT fields, with particular emphasis on environmental and sustainability problems. We suggest that our two models may serve as the foundation for designing a curricular master's program for higher education, in accordance with the Latin American and European realities.
... 385-397 [11] Nielsen Janni, Clemmensen T., Yssing C.(2002), Getting access to what goes on in... more ... 385-397 [11] Nielsen Janni, Clemmensen T., Yssing C.(2002), Getting access to what goes on in people's heads ... Polanyi, Michael (1967) Logic and Psychology, American Psychologist 23, p. 27-43 [14] Schooler Jonathan W., Stellan Uhlsson and Kevin Brooks (1993), Thoughts ...
I dette paper argumenterer vi for brugen af kunde centreret design i foranalysen, når der designe... more I dette paper argumenterer vi for brugen af kunde centreret design i foranalysen, når der designes komplekse systemer. gennem kunde centreret design kan HCI udvide fokus på slutbrugerne så der skabes overensstemmelse mellem kunde og slutbrugers behov, kontext og ressourcer.
Kekule is describing hon'' in 1890 he discovered the benzol rine. It was not the ter.t wh... more Kekule is describing hon'' in 1890 he discovered the benzol rine. It was not the ter.t which made him see the light. On the contrary, the new insight was born from an associative, half conscious perception of visual dynamic images: the snakes dance, and one of them, and notice this mockinglv gets hold of its own taii. Was it mockingly because the scientific discovery was right there before his very eyes, but he could not see itbecause of all the words? It was seeing with the mind's eye which was the basis for a new understanding, and it was imagination which played a crucial role in bringing forward a new scientific discovery. It is this ability to imagine things, to disregard the written word, and see the meaning in a visual image which catches my attention, because the human being is a visual being. It is with the eyes we meet the world. And whether it is images in the outer world, or images seen with our mind's eye, it is visual perception which rules.r
International journal of humanities and social sciences, 2013
This paper invites to dialogue and reflections on innovation and entrepreneurship by presenting c... more This paper invites to dialogue and reflections on innovation and entrepreneurship by presenting concepts of innovation leading to the introduction of a complex theoretical framework; Cooperative Innovation (CO-IN). CO-IN is a didactic model enhancing and scaffolding processes of cooperation creating innovation drawing on a Scandinavian tradition. CO-IN is based on a cross-sectorial and multidisciplinary approach. We introduce the concept of complementarity to help capture the validity of diversity and we suggest the concept of “the space in between” to understand the creation of identity as a collective mind. We see dialogue and the use of multi modal techniques as essential tools for conceptualizations giving possibility for clarification of the complexity and diversity leading to decision making based on knowledge as commons. We introduce the didactic design and present our empirical findings from an innovation workshop in Argentina. In a final paragraph we reflect on the design a...
Think Aloud is cost effective, promises access to the user’s mind and is the applied usability te... more Think Aloud is cost effective, promises access to the user’s mind and is the applied usability technique. But ”keep talking” is difficult, besides, the multimodal interface is visual not verbal. Eye-tracking seems to get around the verbalisation problem. It captures the visual focus of attention. However, it is expensive, obtrusive and produces huge amount of data. Besides, eye-tracking do not give access to user’s mind. Capturing interface/cursor tracking may be cost effective. It is easy to install, data collection is automatic and unobtrusive and replaying the captured recording to the user and probing about her actions and thoughts open for participatory analysis.
The paper presents different theoretical perspectives on visual communication all of which point ... more The paper presents different theoretical perspectives on visual communication all of which point towards design of IT-media. The authors represented come from communication studies, film and media analysis and architecture, but they all aim to contribute to a theoretical framework of digital design. The intention of the paper is to discuss the different theoretical perspectives and see how far they may take us towards and to which extent it will be possible to contribute to an interdisciplinary theoretical framework for design of interactive interfaces. The interface is visual and designed to communicate, but it is interaction that distinguishes digital interfaces from the more traditional media. It is argued that without the imaginative power of the user’s mind, visual communication will not open for interaction. Hence, it is necessary to integrate a psychological theory into the interdisciplinary theoretical framework.
The transition from the industrial to the networked society produces contradictions that challeng... more The transition from the industrial to the networked society produces contradictions that challenges the educational system and force it to adapt to new conditions. In a Danish virtual Master in Information and Communication Technologies and Learning (MIL) these contradictions appear as a field of tension between time resources and the demand for educational quality. Our approach is based on constructivist and social constructivist traditions but we are required to measure students according to a list of learning goals. ...
Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction - NordiCHI '02, 2002
One of the basic usability testing techniques the HCI community draws on, and which stands out as... more One of the basic usability testing techniques the HCI community draws on, and which stands out as unique, is thinking aloud. We introduce the many names, uses and modifications of the classical think aloud technique, and ask the rhetorical question: What do researchers think they get when they ask people to think aloud? We answer it by discussing the classical work of Ericsson and Simon(1984), in particular their distinction between vocalisation, verbalisation and retrospective reports and the relation to short term memory. Reintroducing the psychological perspective and the focus on higher order cognitive processes, we argue that access to subjective experience is possible in terms of introspection and describe a technique that invites the user to become a participant in the analysis of his or her own cognitive processes. We suggest that use of think aloud has as a prerequisite explicit descriptions of design, test procedure and framework for analysis. We point out, however, that if the aim is to get access to human thinking, HCI research may benefit from experimental research.
This paper builds on a key finding of a 5-year Danish research project concerning children in the... more This paper builds on a key finding of a 5-year Danish research project concerning children in the 7 to 15 age group: children's principal use of computers and the internet takes place in their spare time, and it is during their spare time that the majority of children really learn how to use interactive media. The project shows that in children's spare-time use of ICT they employ informal forms of learning based to a large extent on their social interaction both in physical and virtual spaces. These informal learning forms can be identified as learning hierarchies, learning communities and learning networks; they are important contributions to the school of the knowledge society. The ICT in New Learning Environments project based on anthropologically inspired methods and social learning theories shows that students bring their informal forms of learning into the school context. This happens particularly when the school has undergone physical alterations and when its organisation of learning and teaching are also restructured, with project-based learning becoming an important part of the school work and with the media available in the learning environment. Using organisation theory, the school working with ICT and projectbased learning is shown to simultaneously constitute a mixed mode between the school of the industrial and the knowledge society. The research shows that it is possible to tip the balance in the direction of the school of the knowledge society, and thus of the future, by comprehensively using ICT and project work in the day-today activities of the school, alongside and integrated with the traditional forms of learning, and not least by employing the informal learning processes children develop outside school. For teachers this will mean an extension of their function: no longer merely communicators of knowledge, they will have to become knowledge managers and overall leaders of projects, and this entails much more dialogue with the pupils.
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