Objective. The aim of this study is to analyze the variation of color among the maxillary anterio... more Objective. The aim of this study is to analyze the variation of color among the maxillary anterior teeth. Additionally, this variation has been correlated with the age of the patients. Means and method. One examiner, free of any visual color deficiencies, has studied the chromatic behavior within the maxillary anterior dental group (13-23) for 30 subjects with ages between 23 and 34. With the help of the Vita Easy Shade (Vita Zahnfabrik – Germany), CIEL*a*b* chromatic parameters have been recorded for each tooth. Chromatic differences have been calculated for each set of adjacent teeth. The stated null hypothesis „There is no statistically relevant correlation between patients age and color variation among the maxillary anterior dental group“ was evaluated with the help of the Spearman/Pearson tests. Additional linear regression calculations have been made in order to estimate the color variation among anterior maxillary teeth in relation to age. Within the age limits of the study g...
Objective. The aim of this study was to check whether the ways in which the color of anterior max... more Objective. The aim of this study was to check whether the ways in which the color of anterior maxillary teeth varies in artificial dental sets matches the way in which color varies in the anterior maxillary natural dentition. Material and method. One examiner, free of any visual color deficiencies, experienced in the use of intraoral shade matching devices, has studied the chromatic behavior within the maxillary anterior dental group (13-23) for 8 types of artificial denture teeth sets. Four of these sets are made out of acrylic resin: Star Lux (Ruthinium Grup, Italia), Vita MTF (Vita, North America), Spofadent Plus (SpofaDent s.a, Cehia) and Acry Rock (Ruthinium Grup, Italia), 2 sets are made of composite resin: Ivoclar Ivostar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Lichtenstein) and Pigeon Summit (Pigeon Dental, China) and 2 of them are ceramic sets of denture teeth: Vita Lumin Vacuum (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germania) and Enta Ceram (Enta B.V., Olanda). With the help of the Vita Easy Shade (Vita Zahnfabrik...
Objectives Surveillance of antibiotic consumption in the community is of utmost importance to inf... more Objectives Surveillance of antibiotic consumption in the community is of utmost importance to inform and evaluate control strategies. Data on two decades of antibiotic consumption in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries. This article reviews temporal trends and the presence of abrupt changes in subgroups of relevance in antimicrobial stewardship. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on yearly antibiotic consumption in the community, aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC classification and expressed in DDD (ATC/DDD index 2019) per 1000 inhabitants per day. We applied a range of non-linear mixed models to assess the presence of changes in the consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC group J01) and eight antibiotic subgroups. Results For the majority of the studied groups, a country-specific change-point model provided the best fit. Depending on the antibiotic group/subgroup and on the co...
Objectives This article introduces a series of articles on antibiotic consumption in the communit... more Objectives This article introduces a series of articles on antibiotic consumption in the community between 1997 and 2017, which provide an update of previous articles covering the periods 1997–2003 and 1997–2009. Methods In this article, differences in participating countries, the ATC/DDD classification system, and data collection, validation and analysis between the current and previous series are described. Results In the previous series, 33 European countries provided valid data for further analysis, while the current series focused on 30 countries belonging to the EU or the European Economic Area (EEA). For both series, data were collected in accordance with the WHO ATC classification system. While the previous series reported data in accordance with the ATC/DDD index 2011, the current series employed the ATC/DDD index 2019. Both series focused on consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC J01) and collected data expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and package...
Investments to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the European Union have bee... more Investments to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the European Union have been made, including efforts to strengthen prudent antimicrobial use. Using segmented regression, we report decreasing and stabilising trends in data reported to the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network and stabilising trends in data reported to the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network. Our results could be an early indication of the effect of prioritising AMR on the public health agenda.
More recently, formalised approaches to drug re-profiling have been initiated using computational... more More recently, formalised approaches to drug re-profiling have been initiated using computational tools developed to assess drug-drug and target-target likeness. By analysing existing targets and ligands it was thought that formal principles can be deduced to help predict the nature and number of all potential targets and thus determine the size of the druggable genome. Prior to sequencing the human genome up to 10,000 drug targets were predicted but a post-sequencing 2002 study set the number closer to ~3,000 [3]. By contrast, a recent study puts the number of confirmed drug targets at only 218 [4]. These predictions
The aim of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of darunavir (Prezista(®)) used in sub... more The aim of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of darunavir (Prezista(®)) used in subtype F human immunodeficiency virus - type 1 (HIV-1) infected, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced patients in Romania in routine clinical practice. This was a post-authorization, open-label, one-cohort, non-interventional, prospective study conducted at multiple sites in Romania to assess efficacy (CD4 cell count, viral load, and treatment compliance) and safety ([serious] adverse events, clinical laboratory evaluation, and vital signs) of darunavir in combination with low-dose ritonavir (DRV/r) and other antiretroviral (ARV) medications in subtype F HIV-1 infected subjects in naturalistic settings. Seventy-eight subjects were recruited by 9 investigational sites and received 600/100 mg DRV/r twice daily. Treatment with DRV/r administered with other ARV medications resulted in the expected, statistically relevant improvement of CD4 cell count and viral load in subjects eligible for...
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous clonal stem cell disorders character... more Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous clonal stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis with dysplastic changes in one or more myeloid cell lines and increased risk of progression to acute leukemia. The current diagnosis criteria include the morphology of peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM), bone marrow biopsy and cytogenetic exam. Material and method. For this study, we have analyzed 33 patients diagnosed with lower-risk MDS (IPSS 0 and intermediate-1) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (2001) between 2008 and 2012. The diagnosis was confirmed by blood cell counts, bone marrow (aspirate and biopsy) exam and cytogenetic exam. Other causes of cytopenia or dysplastic changes were excluded. Results. The types of MDS according to the WHO classification were: nine patients with refractory anemia (RA) (27.27%), sixteen patients with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) (48.48%), and eight patients with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) (24.24%) out of which two with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia with ringed sideroblasts (RCMD-RS). Cytogenetic exam was performed in all patients, but analyzable metaphases for cytogenetic exam were obtained only from twenty five patients. The patients who did not have analyzable metaphases on cytogenetic exam were considered low risk if: they had only one cytopenia and the percent of bone marrow blasts was less than 5%. For all patients who had analyzable metaphases at cytogenetic exam, the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (R-IPSS) scores were determined, and their survival and the death leading events were observed. According to IPPS (1997), the cytogenetic exam was good in 17
Objective. The aim of this study is to analyze the variation of color among the maxillary anterio... more Objective. The aim of this study is to analyze the variation of color among the maxillary anterior teeth. Additionally, this variation has been correlated with the age of the patients. Means and method. One examiner, free of any visual color deficiencies, has studied the chromatic behavior within the maxillary anterior dental group (13-23) for 30 subjects with ages between 23 and 34. With the help of the Vita Easy Shade (Vita Zahnfabrik – Germany), CIEL*a*b* chromatic parameters have been recorded for each tooth. Chromatic differences have been calculated for each set of adjacent teeth. The stated null hypothesis „There is no statistically relevant correlation between patients age and color variation among the maxillary anterior dental group“ was evaluated with the help of the Spearman/Pearson tests. Additional linear regression calculations have been made in order to estimate the color variation among anterior maxillary teeth in relation to age. Within the age limits of the study g...
Objective. The aim of this study was to check whether the ways in which the color of anterior max... more Objective. The aim of this study was to check whether the ways in which the color of anterior maxillary teeth varies in artificial dental sets matches the way in which color varies in the anterior maxillary natural dentition. Material and method. One examiner, free of any visual color deficiencies, experienced in the use of intraoral shade matching devices, has studied the chromatic behavior within the maxillary anterior dental group (13-23) for 8 types of artificial denture teeth sets. Four of these sets are made out of acrylic resin: Star Lux (Ruthinium Grup, Italia), Vita MTF (Vita, North America), Spofadent Plus (SpofaDent s.a, Cehia) and Acry Rock (Ruthinium Grup, Italia), 2 sets are made of composite resin: Ivoclar Ivostar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Lichtenstein) and Pigeon Summit (Pigeon Dental, China) and 2 of them are ceramic sets of denture teeth: Vita Lumin Vacuum (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germania) and Enta Ceram (Enta B.V., Olanda). With the help of the Vita Easy Shade (Vita Zahnfabrik...
Objectives Surveillance of antibiotic consumption in the community is of utmost importance to inf... more Objectives Surveillance of antibiotic consumption in the community is of utmost importance to inform and evaluate control strategies. Data on two decades of antibiotic consumption in the community were collected from 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries. This article reviews temporal trends and the presence of abrupt changes in subgroups of relevance in antimicrobial stewardship. Methods For the period 1997–2017, data on yearly antibiotic consumption in the community, aggregated at the level of the active substance, were collected using the WHO ATC classification and expressed in DDD (ATC/DDD index 2019) per 1000 inhabitants per day. We applied a range of non-linear mixed models to assess the presence of changes in the consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC group J01) and eight antibiotic subgroups. Results For the majority of the studied groups, a country-specific change-point model provided the best fit. Depending on the antibiotic group/subgroup and on the co...
Objectives This article introduces a series of articles on antibiotic consumption in the communit... more Objectives This article introduces a series of articles on antibiotic consumption in the community between 1997 and 2017, which provide an update of previous articles covering the periods 1997–2003 and 1997–2009. Methods In this article, differences in participating countries, the ATC/DDD classification system, and data collection, validation and analysis between the current and previous series are described. Results In the previous series, 33 European countries provided valid data for further analysis, while the current series focused on 30 countries belonging to the EU or the European Economic Area (EEA). For both series, data were collected in accordance with the WHO ATC classification system. While the previous series reported data in accordance with the ATC/DDD index 2011, the current series employed the ATC/DDD index 2019. Both series focused on consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC J01) and collected data expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and package...
Investments to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the European Union have bee... more Investments to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the European Union have been made, including efforts to strengthen prudent antimicrobial use. Using segmented regression, we report decreasing and stabilising trends in data reported to the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network and stabilising trends in data reported to the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network. Our results could be an early indication of the effect of prioritising AMR on the public health agenda.
More recently, formalised approaches to drug re-profiling have been initiated using computational... more More recently, formalised approaches to drug re-profiling have been initiated using computational tools developed to assess drug-drug and target-target likeness. By analysing existing targets and ligands it was thought that formal principles can be deduced to help predict the nature and number of all potential targets and thus determine the size of the druggable genome. Prior to sequencing the human genome up to 10,000 drug targets were predicted but a post-sequencing 2002 study set the number closer to ~3,000 [3]. By contrast, a recent study puts the number of confirmed drug targets at only 218 [4]. These predictions
The aim of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of darunavir (Prezista(®)) used in sub... more The aim of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of darunavir (Prezista(®)) used in subtype F human immunodeficiency virus - type 1 (HIV-1) infected, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced patients in Romania in routine clinical practice. This was a post-authorization, open-label, one-cohort, non-interventional, prospective study conducted at multiple sites in Romania to assess efficacy (CD4 cell count, viral load, and treatment compliance) and safety ([serious] adverse events, clinical laboratory evaluation, and vital signs) of darunavir in combination with low-dose ritonavir (DRV/r) and other antiretroviral (ARV) medications in subtype F HIV-1 infected subjects in naturalistic settings. Seventy-eight subjects were recruited by 9 investigational sites and received 600/100 mg DRV/r twice daily. Treatment with DRV/r administered with other ARV medications resulted in the expected, statistically relevant improvement of CD4 cell count and viral load in subjects eligible for...
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous clonal stem cell disorders character... more Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous clonal stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis with dysplastic changes in one or more myeloid cell lines and increased risk of progression to acute leukemia. The current diagnosis criteria include the morphology of peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM), bone marrow biopsy and cytogenetic exam. Material and method. For this study, we have analyzed 33 patients diagnosed with lower-risk MDS (IPSS 0 and intermediate-1) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (2001) between 2008 and 2012. The diagnosis was confirmed by blood cell counts, bone marrow (aspirate and biopsy) exam and cytogenetic exam. Other causes of cytopenia or dysplastic changes were excluded. Results. The types of MDS according to the WHO classification were: nine patients with refractory anemia (RA) (27.27%), sixteen patients with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) (48.48%), and eight patients with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) (24.24%) out of which two with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia with ringed sideroblasts (RCMD-RS). Cytogenetic exam was performed in all patients, but analyzable metaphases for cytogenetic exam were obtained only from twenty five patients. The patients who did not have analyzable metaphases on cytogenetic exam were considered low risk if: they had only one cytopenia and the percent of bone marrow blasts was less than 5%. For all patients who had analyzable metaphases at cytogenetic exam, the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (R-IPSS) scores were determined, and their survival and the death leading events were observed. According to IPPS (1997), the cytogenetic exam was good in 17
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