Papers by ijeoma joy ogbonna
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, May 13, 2016
Open Journal of Epidemiology, 2022
British journal of medicine and medical research, Jan 10, 2015
Aim: To achieve, at least, 95% clearance of loads of treated infections so that pathogens do not ... more Aim: To achieve, at least, 95% clearance of loads of treated infections so that pathogens do not develop resistance against drugs used for treatment. Materials and Methodology: Lower doses of Aluminum-magnesium silicate (AMS)-stabilized antimicrobials (Piparazine, Ampicillin, Chloroquine and Sulphadimidine), supported with immune stimulants, were used to treat respective sensitive and resistant infections. Results: Recommended doses of Piparazine, Ampicillin and Chloroquine cleared only 82.94%, 80.68% and 20% of Helignosomoides bakeri, Salmonella gallinarum and Plasmodium berghei infections, respectively. Lower doses (75%) of the AMS-stabilized Piparazine and Ampicillin cleared 96.82% and 97.84% of the treated infections. Supporting the lower doses of AMSstabilized Chloroquine and AMS-stabilized Ampicillin with immune stimulants led to 100% clearance of P. berghei infection and 95.80% clearance of Ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli infection, respectively. Original Research Article Ezeibe and Ogbonna; BJMMR, 9(6): 1-8, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.17768 2 Conclusion: Prolonging bioavailability of drugs with AMS, minimizing side effects of drugs by using their lower doses for treatment, and enhancing immune responses of treated patients, help treatments to prevent and cure resistant infections.
Health, 2020
To reduce Chloroquine's (CQ) side effects, so that increasing its duration for anti-Covid-19 tria... more To reduce Chloroquine's (CQ) side effects, so that increasing its duration for anti-Covid-19 trials could be safe, the drug was potentiated by stabilizing it with Medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate (MSAMS). CQ-treatment for five Plasmodium berghie-infected mice-groups were: 7 mg/kg (normal dose); 7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS); 7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins), 5.25 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins) and the control. Means of parasitaemia, 42.00 ± 15.74 of the normal-dose group, 37.22 ± 11.88 of the 7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS) group and 33.57 ± 12.62 of the 7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins) group showed no significant (P ≥ 0.05) reduction from 52.50 ± 11.99 of the control, but the 5.25 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins) dose, cleared (P ≤ 0.01) the parasiteamia (00.00 ± 00.00), showing that MSAMS-potentiated Chloroquine, has best efficacy at 75% of the recommended dose. Fever and anemia were absent at that 5.25 mg/kg, suggesting that lower doses of CQ have reduced side effects.
The Journal of medical research, Sep 29, 2020
Both bacteria and protozoa require Folic acid for replication and Cotrimoxazole inhibits synthesi... more Both bacteria and protozoa require Folic acid for replication and Cotrimoxazole inhibits synthesis of the vitamin. For its mechanism of inhibiting Folic acid, the medicine has been in use as antibacterial drug for many decades but it is not being used to treat trypanosomosis (protozoan disease). To enhance anti-Folic acid activity of the medicine in order to improve its anti-trypanosome efficacy and make it function as new medicine for sleeping sickness (tropical disease of man and animals) it was stabilized with Antivirt® (Medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate). At 100 % of its antibacterial dose, Cotrimoxazole significantly reduced (P≤ 0.05) trypanosome parasitemia in mice, from 12.76±1.20 to 5. 87± 0.43. When it was stabilized with the Antivirt®, 75 % of the antibacterial dose had slight reduction (P≥ 0.05) in the trypanosome parasitemia (11.30±1.01) while the 100 %-dose achieved zero (0.00±00) trypanosome parasitemia and improved total WBC counts (immunity) from 1.50±0.16 to 2.86±0.38.
Open Journal of Epidemiology, 2021
COVID-19 virus has positive electrical charges. So, particles that are negatively charged would, ... more COVID-19 virus has positive electrical charges. So, particles that are negatively charged would, by opposite charges-electrostatic attraction, inhibit its replication’s first stage (attachment to cells) and mop its extra-cellular particles. Positively charged particles would similarly mop/destroy cells it infects because unlike healthy cells which are neutral, infected/tumor cells have negative electrical charges. Nanoparticles (0.96 nm) of Aluminum-magnesium silicate (AMS), WHO-approved medicine/adjuvant have both negative and positive charged ends. As adjuvant it improves antimicrobials’ efficacies (clearing secondary infections) while as silicate it enhances immunity. By inhibiting viral replication; mopping extra-cellular viruses/abnormal cells; clearing secondary infections; enhancing immunity, AMS terminates viral-infections/abnormal cells’ metastases. Natural AMS has impurities and its deposits are not found in Nigeria. So, Aluminum silicate and Magnesium silicate (WHO-approv...
World Journal of AIDS, 2020
In verifying antiretroviral efficacy of a Nigerian broad spectrum antiviral medicine (Antivirt ®)... more In verifying antiretroviral efficacy of a Nigerian broad spectrum antiviral medicine (Antivirt ®), the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research certified it safe by toxicological test on laboratory animals, before commencing treatment of three HIV/AIDS patients whose viral loads varied widely (millions, hundreds of thousands and thousands). To overcome errors associated with such wide differences in subject-classes, percentages of viral load-reductions were calculated instead of comparing their viral loads. After first month of the Antivirt ®-treatment, means of ranked viral loads of the patients significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased from 10.00 ± 7.21 to 11.30 ± 5.51 (−41.03% infection-reduction rate) instead of reducing. From second month of the trial, their viral loads started to reduce, continuously, so that their infection-reduction rates have been increasing from that −41.03%, to −38.22% in the second month; 23.98% in the third month; 31.76% in the fourth month and 64.12% after the fifth month.
Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2018
Aim: To review mechanisms of actions of The medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate (MSAM... more Aim: To review mechanisms of actions of The medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate (MSAMS) as, antiviral, antiretroviral and anticancer medicine and as adjuvant. Materials and Methods: Literature-review for information on Aluminum-magnesium silicate (AMS) as a pharmaceutical binder/stabilizing agent and results of experiments on effects of electrostatic attraction, between AMS-Nanoparticles and opposite electrical charges, on diseaseagents. Findings: AMS is traditionally a pharmaceutical binder for drug-formulations. It binds medicines because its molecular Nanoparticles have negatively charged surfaces and positively charged edges. Viruses and abnormal cells (cancer and infected) are also electrically charged. So, AMS bonds to the disease-agents by opposite-charges` electrostatic attractions. For that reason, it has antiviral and anticancer effects. As a silicate, it stimulates immunity. It is also a stabilizing agent. Stabilizing medicines prolongs bioavailability. Again, Nanoparticles deliver drugs to targets. Prolonging bioavailability and improving delivery enhance efficacy of antimicrobials. Enhancing efficacy leads to enough clearance of infections so that immunity completes their termination to prevent development of drug-resistance. Enhancing efficacy of antimicrobials also reduces their doses, needed to achieve desired effects, thus reducing side effects of drugs, to further enhance patients` immune responses. Synergy between enhanced efficacy of medicines and enhanced patients` immunity, leads to clearance of resistant secondary infections and termination of viral infections. By reducing doses of drugs, concentrations of their active ingredients in formulations are reduced thus minimizing their cost. AMS is not found in every county and even in countries where it is found, it contains impurities. So it requires purifying to make it safe. However, oxides and silicates of Aluminum and Magnesium are already approved medicines bnused for treatments. So, Aluminum silicate was reacted with Magnesium silicate to get MSAMS: Al 4 (SiO 4) 3 + 3Mg 2 SiO 4 → 2Al 2 Mg 3 (SiO 4) 3. Conclusion: MSAMS mops HIV/other viruses and cancer-cells. It normalizes immunity and improves efficacy of medicines. Synergy between these MSAMS-effects inhibits electrically charged disease-agents.
World Journal of AIDS, 2019
HIV/AIDS is an immune deficiency disease, caused by an RNA virus (positively charged pathogen). I... more HIV/AIDS is an immune deficiency disease, caused by an RNA virus (positively charged pathogen). It is still being regarded as mysteriously incurable but in Nigeria many patients have been cured (they became HIV-antibody and antigen negative) by exploiting electrostatic attraction between pathogens and opposite electrical charges that are on Nanoparticles of Medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate (MSAMS) and by using antioxidants to relieve oxidative stress. To confirm the cure, as permanent, a patient (adult male) whose CD4 count increased (P < 0.05) from 685 to 820 while his viral load became undetectable (<20) and he became HIV-negative (antibody and antigen) following the treatment, was tested, every month, post treatment, for HIV-antibody. He has remained HIV-negative for 10 months without being on any antiretroviral medicine (ARV). Longest window period (period HIV-infected person may test antibody-negative) is only 6 months. These results confirm that treatment with the MSAMS and antioxidants normalizes immunity and terminates HIV-infections.
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016
World Journal of AIDS, 2016
Assessment of Antiretroviral Efficacy of the Medicinal Synthetic Aluminum-Magnesium Silicate {Al ... more Assessment of Antiretroviral Efficacy of the Medicinal Synthetic Aluminum-Magnesium Silicate {Al 4 (SiO 4) 3 + 3Mg 2 SiO 4 → 2Al 2 Mg 3 (SiO 4) 3 }.
World Journal of AIDS, 2016
For clinical trial of Medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate (MSAMS, Antivirt ®), on vir... more For clinical trial of Medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate (MSAMS, Antivirt ®), on viral loads and CD4-lymphocytes counts of HIV/AIDS patients, 10 volunteers were treated. Their blood samples were tested for viral loads and for CD4-lymphocytes counts, before the treatment and every 4 weeks during the medication. The regimen was: MSAMS (50 mg/kg), MSAMS-stabilized Ampicillin trihydrate (7.5 mg/kg) and immunace extra protection ® (1 tablet/day), for 4 weeks. Then, it was reduced to 50 mg/kg (MSAMS) and the immune stimulant. When their viral loads become undetectable, they would be treated for additional 4 weeks. Initially, the Antivirt ®-regimen appeared to worsen both HIV infection-load and immune deficiency but later relieved them. Patients' mean-viral load increased (P = 0.020), from 1820.30 ± 868.75 to 2855.90 ± 960.98, after 4 weeks before reducing (P = 0.030) to 1565.20 ± 743.17, after 8 weeks. Similarly, their mean-CD4lymphocytes count reduced (P = 0.008) from 496.80 ± 194.39 to 263.90 ± 149.26, after 4 weeks before improving (P = 0.001) to 507.90 ± 133.19, after 8 weeks.
World Journal of AIDS, 2016
Medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate (MSAMS), which has inhibited Human immune deficie... more Medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate (MSAMS), which has inhibited Human immune deficiency virus (HIV), in vitro, was used for trial-treatment of HIV/AIDS patients. Their plasma were tested for viral loads (VL): before and repeatedly during the treatment. The regimen was: MSAMS (50 mg/kg), MSAMS-stabilized Ampicillin trihydrate (7.5 mg/kg) and immunace extra protection®. After 4 weeks, it was reduced to 50 mg/kg (MSAMS) and the immune stimulant. When VL decreased bellow 50/ml, the treatment continued, 4 weeks before stopping. Mean-VL of four patients increased (P = 0.006) from 498.50 ± 33.37 to 1,072.50 ± 184.55, after 3.75±2.06 weeks and decreased (P = 0.040) to 407.33 ± 297.27 (18.29%) when the treatment-duration increased to 6.67 ± 2.31 weeks. Prolonging the duration to 12.00 ± 2.83 weeks led to 98.68% decrease of mean-VL of four other patients, from 24,250.00 ± 15,939.34 to 321.00 ± 229.38(P = 0.045). Two HIV positive persons treated for 4 weeks after their VL reduced bellow 50/ml have remained healthy, 10 and 16 months respectively, without routine antiretroviral medication.
International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2014
Aim: To investigate outbreak of IBD in Zaria, Nigeria. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and... more Aim: To investigate outbreak of IBD in Zaria, Nigeria. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Poultry Unit of the Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria between March 2009 to July 2009. Methodology: Poultry cases reported to the clinics were investigated. Date, age, address, flock size, morbidity rate, mortality rate, breed, species, type of birds, vaccination history were noted; post mortem and agar gel precipitation test were done on 10 flocks, the incidence rate, morbidity rate, mortality rate and organ (bursa, spleen and thymus) to body weight ratio of the 10 flocks were calculated. Results: Chicks in all the flocks revealed the clinicopathologic manisfestation of IBD which include depressions, somnolence, anorexia, ruffled feathers, trembling, postration followed by death. In all the flocks, the BF were either turgid, swollen and or Original Research Article International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 4(4): 411-426, 2014 412 haemorrhagic, severe haemorrhages on the thigh and pectoral muscles, haemorrhages at the junction of proventriculus and gizzard or oesophagus, congested or pale carcasses, swollen kidneys with prominent tubules and enlarged pale or congested liver were also observed during postmortem examination. All the bursal homogenates from the 10 flocks gave precipitation line in the AGPT. An incidence of 12.1% was recorded. Average morbidity (40.5%) and mortality (40.7%) rates were recorded in ten outbreaks of IBD. Improved breeds of chickens were more likely to suffer from IBD with broilers 3.87 times at risk. Birds, 3-6 weeks-old were at a risk of being infected with IBDV. Chickens vaccinated once against IBD were 4.8 times more likely to suffer from IBD. Conclusion: IBD is a disease of improved breeds of poultry with clinical disease seen only in chickens. The disease mostly affects chickens of 3 to 6 weeks of age. Birds vaccinated twice are less susceptible to the disease.
International Journal of Poultry Science, 2010
African Journal of Bacteriology Research, Apr 30, 2009
A five years retrospective study (2003-2007) of the prevalence of fowl typhoid (FT) and other pou... more A five years retrospective study (2003-2007) of the prevalence of fowl typhoid (FT) and other poultry diseases diagnosed at the avian unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Kaduna State, Nigeria was conducted. A prevalence rate of 18.4% (129 cases) was recorded for FT out of 700 cases of poultry disease. The highest number of outbreaks of FT was recorded during the rainy season (July-September). 48 cases (29.1%) of FT were recorded in birds 15 weeks and above, 124 cases (18.4%) in layers and only two cases (16.7%) in turkeys. Outbreaks of FT were closely associated with age, type and poultry species of birds (P < 0.05). The outbreaks of FT were also observed to be 3.1 times more likely to occur in December, 2.4 and 1.3 times more likely to occur in birds of 15 weeks and above and 1-5 weeks of age respectively. It was concluded from the study that FT is more commonly reported in the chicken than other poultry species and adult birds (>15 weeks) are more susceptible to the disease in Zaria, Nigeria. This study recommends that poultry farmers should be encouraged to practice prompt and regular vaccination of layers against fowl typhoid disease.
Tropical veterinarian, 2011
Animal Science Reporter, 2009
Uploads
Papers by ijeoma joy ogbonna