Background and Aim: The potential of plants as anthelmintics is very large, but there is still ve... more Background and Aim: The potential of plants as anthelmintics is very large, but there is still very little research conducted in the search for effective, safe, easily obtained, and affordable anthelmintic candidates. Palem putri (Veitchia merrillii) is an ornamental plant that is interesting to study because it is included in the areca nut group which is reported to have strong abilities as anthelmintics. The study aims to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Veitchia merrillii against trematode worms such as Paramphistomum spp. and Fasciola hepatica. Materials and Methods: This research employs both in vitro and computational techniques. An anthelmintic in vitro test was carried out on Paramphistomum spp. worms at concentrations of 10%, 25%, and 40% (gr/v), assessing mortality index as the observable outcome, followed by a histopathological investigation of the deceased worms for tissue and cellular damage evaluation. Seventeen compounds from V. merrillii seeds were studied in silico for their anthelmintic activity against F. hepatica worms using the quantitative structure-activity relationship technique, molecular docking, and Lipinski’s rule analysis for orally administered medication. Results: About 25% and 40% extracts of V. merrillii damaged the tegument organs in the worms. Seventeen compounds in V. merrillii seed extract, on average, yielded a higher anthelmintic index on F. hepatica than praziquantel. Eleven of the 17 compounds exhibit stronger affinity than praziquantel, with routine and gallic acid being the top two ligands (ΔGbinding values: −11.65 kcal/mol and −11.07 kcal/mol, respectively). According to Lipinski’s rule analysis, only routine compounds cannot be orally administered. Conclusion: The seeds of V. merrilli have potential as an anthelmintic agent for Paramphistomum spp. at concentrations of 25%–40% (gr/v). Keywords: Molecular docking, QSAR, Trematoda, Veitchia merillii.
Ascaridiasis caused by roundworm Ascaridia galli is one of important diseases in poultry industry... more Ascaridiasis caused by roundworm Ascaridia galli is one of important diseases in poultry industry in Indonesia. This disease can affect economic losses in the form of death, growth retardation, reduced egg production as well as trigger for secondary viral or bacteria infections. Control of this nematode requires a good strategy to avoid the risk of anthelmintic resistance, one of which is the use of herbal medicine such as black cumin seed (Nigella sativa). This study was aimed to determine the level of motility and mortality time of A. galli after treated with black cumin seed extract in vitro. In this study, black cumin seed was extracted using ethanol 96%, and then diluted to 15% (P1), 25% (P2), and 45% (P3) concentration. Pyrantel pamoate preparation was used as positive control (C1), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution as negative control (C0). Observations were carried out every 15 minutes until all the treatment worms died. The results revealed that the motility and mo...
The research has been conducted to determine hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extr... more The research has been conducted to determine hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. leaves on rats (Rattus novergicus) induced with paracetamol. The study was performed following a completely randomized design, using 45 male rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into 5 groups. Rats in group 1 (K1) were given CMC 1 % for 7 days and followed by aquadest administration 8 hours post given CMC on day 7. Group 2 was given CMC 1 % for 7 days and treated with paracetamol at dose 2,5 g/kg BW 8 hours post given CMC on day 7. Groups 3 (K3), 4 (K4), and 5 (K5) were pretreated with ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. leaves at the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW for 7 days respectively, followed by paracetamol administration at the dose of 2.5 g/kg BW in the next 8 hours on day 7. Paracetamol hepatotoxicity and extracts activity were measured based on SGPT and SGOT activity level on day 0, 8 hours aft...
Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that live in plant tissue without causing negative effects. Endo... more Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that live in plant tissue without causing negative effects. Endophytic bacteria can produce bioactive compounds that can be used as antibacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antimalarial and anti-immunosuppressive properties. Endophytic bacteria are found in all higher plants, one of which is balakacida (Chromolaena odorata). This study aims to isolate the endophytic bacteria balakacida plant from Banda Aceh, to test the antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria Pasteurella multocida and Bacillus subtilis. The samples used were young leaves of balakacida plant with the method of isolation and purification of endophytic bacteria and in vitro tests.The results showed that endophytic bacteria could be isolated from balakacida plant and showed inhibitory activity against the pathogenic bacteria Pasteurella multocida and Bacillus subtilis. Thus, the endophytic bacteria from balakacida have bioactive compounds that hav...
The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research
Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are still a problem in Indonesia, both humans and ... more Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are still a problem in Indonesia, both humans and animals. The problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has an impact on increasing morbidity, mortality, and health care. The problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has also been found in livestock, which can threaten human health. This situation has led many researchers to search for new bioactive compounds as alternative antibiotic candidates to fight multidrug resistant bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. This study aimed to discuss and determine the development of endophytic bacteria isolated from several plants so we can know the role of endophytic bacteria in producing bioactive compounds, especially for application in veterinary medicine. Endophytic bacteria provide great potential to produce various new bioactive compounds obtained from secondary metabolite compounds from their host. Plants are one of the hosts for...
Fasciola gigantica is a parasite that causes a disruption of the metabolism of fats, proteins, an... more Fasciola gigantica is a parasite that causes a disruption of the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, which interferes growth and causes death. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb extract is one of the medicinal plants which has been used to treat several diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of methanolic extract of C. aeruginosa Roxb on F. gigantica, including mortality time and histopathological changes that occurred after treatment. This study used a completely randomized design with five replications. The flukes were soaked in three different extract concentrations: 10% (T1), 25% (T2), and 50% (T3) (w/v). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution was used as a negative control (C1) and albendazole as the positive control (C2). The mortality time of F. gigantica in each group was calculated, and the dead flukes were prepared for histopathological study. The data were analyzed by Analysis of variance. The results showed that C. aeruginosa extracts at the conc...
Background and Aim: Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis is caused by larvae of the rat lungwo... more Background and Aim: Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis is caused by larvae of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis. It manifests as meningitis, radiculitis, cranial nerve abnormalities, and encephalitis, which can be fatal. A flavan-3-ol compound isolated from the bark of Calophyllum macrophyllum Scheff. has several medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities. This compound is stronger than other types of flavan-3-ols such as catechin. This study aimed to identify the hydroxylation pattern of this flavan-3-ol compound and evaluated its potential as an anti-meningitis drug, using an in silico approach through pharmacophore and molecular docking methods. Materials and Methods: Pharmacokinetic and toxicological data were analyzed and supported by the server http://www. swissadme.ch/index.php and https://tox-new.charite.de/protox_II/index.php. The hydroxylation pattern of the flavan-3-ol compound was identified ...
Snapper (Lutjanus sp.), which is an important marine fish resource, is known to have relatively l... more Snapper (Lutjanus sp.), which is an important marine fish resource, is known to have relatively low movement activity and form relatively small groups. These characteristics make these fish susceptible to various diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to identify the pathogenic bacterial species that contaminate snapper based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The samples used in this study were the pathogenic bacterial isolates BPK-1 and BPK-2 which had previously been isolated from snapper fish originating from Banda Aceh waters. The bacteria were previously grown in nutrient broth (NB) media, then DNA genome from the bacteria was isolated using Presto ™ Mini g DNA Bacteria Kit, followed by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene. PCR products were sequenced and nucleotide sequence data were analyzed by bioinformatics software to construct phylogenetic tree. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates BPK-1 and BPK-2 were two different bacterial species. BPK-2 isolate has similarities with Aeromonas sp. with a similarity percentage of 96.69%. While the BPK-1 isolate has similarities with Aeromonas salmonicida with a similarity percentage of 85.88%, so it is suspected that it is a novel species that needs further research.
This study was conducted to explore the effect of methanolic extract of Veithcia merrillii on mor... more This study was conducted to explore the effect of methanolic extract of Veithcia merrillii on mortality time and histopathological changes of Fasciola gigantica in vitro. This study used 25 adult flukes of F. gigantica, divided into five groups: C0 as negative control (0.9% PBS), C1 as positive control (0.024mg/ml albendazole), and treatment groups were P1, P2, and P3 used 10%, 25% and 50% extract, respectively. The observation was carried out every 15 minutes to monitor the motility and mortality of each treatment group. Mortality time of each group was determined by score index and analyzed descriptively. Dead flukes from each group were then prepared for histological examination. The results revealed that 50% of V. merrillii extract (P3) had the same mortality time as C1, where all the flukes died after 30 minutes of treatment. Group P2 had a longer mortality time at 45 minutes and P1 was at 75 minutes. Histopathological observation showed alteration on some organs for C1 and tre...
Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2020
Catechin and their derivatives have been studied to have antiviral potential against COVID-19 thr... more Catechin and their derivatives have been studied to have antiviral potential against COVID-19 through in silico method “pharmacokinetics screening and molecular docking”. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles were obtained through the ADMETSAR server and SwissADME server. Then proceed with the prediction of affinity through the method molecular docking using the software application MOE 2007.09. The testmaterial is in the form of a 3D catechin structure and its derivatives as well as several control ligands downloaded via Pubmed. While templatethe Receptor M pro protein and the Spike glycoprotein are downloaded from pdb.org (PDB ID: 6LU7 and 6LXT). The pharmacokinetic profile of catechins is relatively better than all control ligands with the lowest toxicity. Molecular docking results also show that catechins and theirderivatives have a stronger affinity than control ligands. This research proves that catechin has antiviral potential through inhibition of Mpro protein and Spike gly...
Black cumin (Nigella sativa) has been traditionally used as medicine for various infectious and n... more Black cumin (Nigella sativa) has been traditionally used as medicine for various infectious and non-infectious diseases, such as skin infection, conjunctivitis, hypertension, gastrointestinal problems, diabetes, and diarrhea. This study aimed at finding out the effect of black cumin, N. sativa on the survival and pathological changes of liver flukes Fasciola gigantica in vitro. The seeds of N. sativa were extracted with maceration using methanol. Mature F. gigantica flukes were stored in PBS solution and treated with different concentrations of N. sativa extract namely 10% (T1), 25% (T2), and 50% (T3). Similar experiment using Albendazole 0.24 mg/ml and 1xPBS was used as positive (C1) and negative (C2) controls, respectively. All treatments were done at room temperature. The dead flukes were further examined for histopathological changes. The results showed that 50% concentration of extract killed all flukes within 15 minutes, much faster than caused by albendazole (30 minutes). In T2 (25% extract), all flukes were died in 31.5 minutes. The extract of N. sativa caused severe disruption of tegument, the alteration of internal organs, and the absence of tegument spine. The intestine showed inflammation with severity levels were in line with the extract concentration. There was also disintegration of testicular cells observed in the flukes treated with black cumin. In conclusion, N. sativa seed extract has potential medical property against F. gigantica in vitro.
The aim of the study was to observe the histopathological changes of the entire egg cells in the ... more The aim of the study was to observe the histopathological changes of the entire egg cells in the uterine of Ascaridia galli worms treated with crude ethanolic extract of Veitchia merrillii nuts. Histopathological changes of the entire egg cells were observed to describe that the activity of extract V. merrillii nuts interfered the reproduction process could decrease the quantity and quality of A. galli eggs. The experiments consisted of 16 head A. galli female adult worms divided into four groups, contained four worms of each, and maintained in 0.9% phosphate buffered saline (PBS). First group, a negative control experiment consisted of A. galli in 0.9% PBS. Second group, concentration of 15 mg/mL albendazole was used as a positive control. Third group and fourth group, in vitro exposure of the worms to the crude ethanolic extract V. merrillii nuts at a concentration of 25 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL, respectively. The histopathological changes of egg cells in the uterine region of stained w...
The research has been conducted to determine hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Acal... more The research has been conducted to determine hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. leaves on rats (Rattus novergicus) induced with paracetamol. The study was performed following a completely randomized design, using 45 male rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into 5 groups. Rats in group 1 (K1) were given CMC 1 % for 7 days and followed by aquadest administration 8 hours post given CMC on day 7. Group 2 was given CMC 1 % for 7 days and treated with paracetamol at dose 2,5 g/kg BW 8 hours post given CMC on day 7. Groups 3 (K3), 4 (K4), and 5 (K5) were pretreated with ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. leaves at the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW for 7 days respectively, followed by paracetamol administration at the dose of 2.5 g/kg BW in 1 Staf Pengajar Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Mei, 2010, Vol. XIII, No. 6 Aktivitas Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kucing-kucingan Acalypha in...
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Veterinary, Animal, and Environmental Sciences (ICVAES 2020), 2021
This study was aimed to find out burden of nematode infection in aceh cattle with different skin ... more This study was aimed to find out burden of nematode infection in aceh cattle with different skin colors. The samples were 105 cattle consisting of adult male and female. Each of skin color consisted of 15 males and 20 females obtained from Aceh Besar District. The samples were examined in the laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Medicine faculty, Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh. The examination of nematode’s egg is done by observation on the cattle’ feces using centripus test and Mcmaster test. From the results of the study, it was revealed that the prevalence of Nematodiasis based on skin color are: Red 74.3%, Black 82.9%, and white 85.7%. The average number of eggs per gram of feces based on cattle skin color is obtained 23,07 from red, 413,7 black and 610 white. From this result, it can be stated that the lowest rate of infection and the amount of nematode’s egg in each gram of cattle’s feces on aceh cattle based on skin color is a cattle with the red color. These results are...
T rematode Paramphistomum cervi causes paramphisto- miasis in cattle, goats, sheep, and other rum... more T rematode Paramphistomum cervi causes paramphisto- miasis in cattle, goats, sheep, and other ruminants, including wildlife. This fluke is usually found in rumen and abomasum, and triggers annual economic loss up to US $ 3 billion . Paramphistomiasis usually have no significant clinical symptoms, in chronic infection, it will cause severe weight loss, low milk production, infertility, and even death . Synthetic Anthelmintic have been used for centuries as the most effective measure for the treatment, yet the infection rate is still high. Furthermore, synthetic drugs may cause several disadvantages, including drug resistance, adverse drug reaction, chemical residue, and high cost . All of these problems could be resolved by using common traditional herbs to replace synthetic drugs which would be more acceptable, easier to obtain, and low-cost. Nigella sativa Linn. has been used as a traditional medicine in the Middle East and South Asia for over 100 years, and it has been introduced and utilized in other parts of the world as one of the most promising treatment as antihypertensive, diuretics, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-diarrheal, immunostimulatory, bronchodilator, liver and gastro
This study aimed to determine the types of gastrointestinal protozoa that infested long-tailed ma... more This study aimed to determine the types of gastrointestinal protozoa that infested long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Sabang Municipality. This study could be used as a basis of consideration for controlling zoonotic diseases caused by gastrointestinal protozoa. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This study used 60 samples of M. fascicularis faeces collected from two sub-districts, 30 samples of Sukakarya District and 30 samples from Sukajaya District. Samples were examined using the floatation, formol ether, and modified acid-fast ziehl-neelsen method. The results showed that the highest infestation of protozoa in long-tailed macaque from Sukakarya was Cyclospora cayetanensis species (73%), followed by the genus Eimeria sp. (53%), Balantidium sp. (46%) and Cryptosporidium parvum species (43%). Long-tailed macaque from Sukajaya was found to be highly infested by Balantidium (53%), followed...
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Veterinary, Animal, and Environmental Sciences (ICVAES 2020), 2021
This study was aimed at finding out protein profile of excretory-secretory and somatic antigen of... more This study was aimed at finding out protein profile of excretory-secretory and somatic antigen of Paramphistomum spp. As many as 60 Paramphistomum spp. taken from cattle in Banda Aceh Municipality Slaughterhouse were placed into 80 ml Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 and incubated for 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Excretorysecretory as well as somatic antigen was isolated and the concentration of protein was determined using Bradford method, and calibration curve was conducted using Bovine Serum Albumin as standard. To find out the molecular weight of protein, SDS-PAGE method was employed. The linear regression of calibration curve was y= 0.451x + 0.651. The highest concentrations of excretory-secretory antigen protein obtained was 235 ppm, and the somatic protein was 261 ppm. Weight of protein molecules was ranging from 29-130 kDa.
This study aimed to determine the anatomical pathology and histopathological, and their relations... more This study aimed to determine the anatomical pathology and histopathological, and their relationship of the ascaridiosis caused by Ascaridia galli worms infection that have been found in layer chickens after necropsy, thus facilitating the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ascaridiosis. This study used 1 dead chicken from the Lambaro traditional market, Ingin Jaya District, Aceh Besar Regency. The sample was taken to the Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University for dissected and observed in anatomical pathology changes, then histopathological preparations were made to observe histopathological changes. Data were obtained then analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of images. The results of anatomical pathology examination in chickens infected with ascaridiosis were found the Ascaridia galli worms infestation in the intestinal lumen with moderate infestation rates and focal area of hemorrhage in the intestinal mucosa. Then, histopat...
The mutations of the KRAS gene at codons 12, 13, and 61 have been widely reported with different ... more The mutations of the KRAS gene at codons 12, 13, and 61 have been widely reported with different prognosis. In silico is one approach to explain the characteristics of the mutant genes. This study aimed to reveal the potential energy and fluctuations of the binding site and active site of wildtype KRAS (KRAS Wt) and mutant KRAS (KRAS Mt) at codons 12, 13, and 61. The samples used in this study were the sequences of KRAS Wt and KRAS Mt genes, which were subjected to in-silico analysis that included molecular homology, docking, and dynamics using MOE, PyMOL, and online CABS servers. The results showed that fluctuations in the binding site of all KRAS Mt were lower than that of KRAS Wt. On the contrary, the active site (switch I and switch II) of KRAS Mt fluctuated more widely than KRAS Wt. The potential energy of KRAS Mt before forming a complex with GTP was higher (p<0.01) than KRAS Wt. After this formation, it remained higher at codons 12 and 61 but lower at codons 11 and 13 (p <0.001). Mt G12A did not show any changes. The higher fluctuations in the switch I and switch II regions and the post energy of KRAS-GTP complexes may explain why types of cancers with mutations at codons 11 and 13 have a better prognosis than those with mutations at codons 12 and 61.
Background and Aim: The potential of plants as anthelmintics is very large, but there is still ve... more Background and Aim: The potential of plants as anthelmintics is very large, but there is still very little research conducted in the search for effective, safe, easily obtained, and affordable anthelmintic candidates. Palem putri (Veitchia merrillii) is an ornamental plant that is interesting to study because it is included in the areca nut group which is reported to have strong abilities as anthelmintics. The study aims to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Veitchia merrillii against trematode worms such as Paramphistomum spp. and Fasciola hepatica. Materials and Methods: This research employs both in vitro and computational techniques. An anthelmintic in vitro test was carried out on Paramphistomum spp. worms at concentrations of 10%, 25%, and 40% (gr/v), assessing mortality index as the observable outcome, followed by a histopathological investigation of the deceased worms for tissue and cellular damage evaluation. Seventeen compounds from V. merrillii seeds were studied in silico for their anthelmintic activity against F. hepatica worms using the quantitative structure-activity relationship technique, molecular docking, and Lipinski’s rule analysis for orally administered medication. Results: About 25% and 40% extracts of V. merrillii damaged the tegument organs in the worms. Seventeen compounds in V. merrillii seed extract, on average, yielded a higher anthelmintic index on F. hepatica than praziquantel. Eleven of the 17 compounds exhibit stronger affinity than praziquantel, with routine and gallic acid being the top two ligands (ΔGbinding values: −11.65 kcal/mol and −11.07 kcal/mol, respectively). According to Lipinski’s rule analysis, only routine compounds cannot be orally administered. Conclusion: The seeds of V. merrilli have potential as an anthelmintic agent for Paramphistomum spp. at concentrations of 25%–40% (gr/v). Keywords: Molecular docking, QSAR, Trematoda, Veitchia merillii.
Ascaridiasis caused by roundworm Ascaridia galli is one of important diseases in poultry industry... more Ascaridiasis caused by roundworm Ascaridia galli is one of important diseases in poultry industry in Indonesia. This disease can affect economic losses in the form of death, growth retardation, reduced egg production as well as trigger for secondary viral or bacteria infections. Control of this nematode requires a good strategy to avoid the risk of anthelmintic resistance, one of which is the use of herbal medicine such as black cumin seed (Nigella sativa). This study was aimed to determine the level of motility and mortality time of A. galli after treated with black cumin seed extract in vitro. In this study, black cumin seed was extracted using ethanol 96%, and then diluted to 15% (P1), 25% (P2), and 45% (P3) concentration. Pyrantel pamoate preparation was used as positive control (C1), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution as negative control (C0). Observations were carried out every 15 minutes until all the treatment worms died. The results revealed that the motility and mo...
The research has been conducted to determine hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extr... more The research has been conducted to determine hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. leaves on rats (Rattus novergicus) induced with paracetamol. The study was performed following a completely randomized design, using 45 male rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into 5 groups. Rats in group 1 (K1) were given CMC 1 % for 7 days and followed by aquadest administration 8 hours post given CMC on day 7. Group 2 was given CMC 1 % for 7 days and treated with paracetamol at dose 2,5 g/kg BW 8 hours post given CMC on day 7. Groups 3 (K3), 4 (K4), and 5 (K5) were pretreated with ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. leaves at the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW for 7 days respectively, followed by paracetamol administration at the dose of 2.5 g/kg BW in the next 8 hours on day 7. Paracetamol hepatotoxicity and extracts activity were measured based on SGPT and SGOT activity level on day 0, 8 hours aft...
Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that live in plant tissue without causing negative effects. Endo... more Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that live in plant tissue without causing negative effects. Endophytic bacteria can produce bioactive compounds that can be used as antibacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antimalarial and anti-immunosuppressive properties. Endophytic bacteria are found in all higher plants, one of which is balakacida (Chromolaena odorata). This study aims to isolate the endophytic bacteria balakacida plant from Banda Aceh, to test the antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria Pasteurella multocida and Bacillus subtilis. The samples used were young leaves of balakacida plant with the method of isolation and purification of endophytic bacteria and in vitro tests.The results showed that endophytic bacteria could be isolated from balakacida plant and showed inhibitory activity against the pathogenic bacteria Pasteurella multocida and Bacillus subtilis. Thus, the endophytic bacteria from balakacida have bioactive compounds that hav...
The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research
Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are still a problem in Indonesia, both humans and ... more Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are still a problem in Indonesia, both humans and animals. The problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has an impact on increasing morbidity, mortality, and health care. The problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has also been found in livestock, which can threaten human health. This situation has led many researchers to search for new bioactive compounds as alternative antibiotic candidates to fight multidrug resistant bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. This study aimed to discuss and determine the development of endophytic bacteria isolated from several plants so we can know the role of endophytic bacteria in producing bioactive compounds, especially for application in veterinary medicine. Endophytic bacteria provide great potential to produce various new bioactive compounds obtained from secondary metabolite compounds from their host. Plants are one of the hosts for...
Fasciola gigantica is a parasite that causes a disruption of the metabolism of fats, proteins, an... more Fasciola gigantica is a parasite that causes a disruption of the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, which interferes growth and causes death. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb extract is one of the medicinal plants which has been used to treat several diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of methanolic extract of C. aeruginosa Roxb on F. gigantica, including mortality time and histopathological changes that occurred after treatment. This study used a completely randomized design with five replications. The flukes were soaked in three different extract concentrations: 10% (T1), 25% (T2), and 50% (T3) (w/v). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution was used as a negative control (C1) and albendazole as the positive control (C2). The mortality time of F. gigantica in each group was calculated, and the dead flukes were prepared for histopathological study. The data were analyzed by Analysis of variance. The results showed that C. aeruginosa extracts at the conc...
Background and Aim: Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis is caused by larvae of the rat lungwo... more Background and Aim: Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis is caused by larvae of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis. It manifests as meningitis, radiculitis, cranial nerve abnormalities, and encephalitis, which can be fatal. A flavan-3-ol compound isolated from the bark of Calophyllum macrophyllum Scheff. has several medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities. This compound is stronger than other types of flavan-3-ols such as catechin. This study aimed to identify the hydroxylation pattern of this flavan-3-ol compound and evaluated its potential as an anti-meningitis drug, using an in silico approach through pharmacophore and molecular docking methods. Materials and Methods: Pharmacokinetic and toxicological data were analyzed and supported by the server http://www. swissadme.ch/index.php and https://tox-new.charite.de/protox_II/index.php. The hydroxylation pattern of the flavan-3-ol compound was identified ...
Snapper (Lutjanus sp.), which is an important marine fish resource, is known to have relatively l... more Snapper (Lutjanus sp.), which is an important marine fish resource, is known to have relatively low movement activity and form relatively small groups. These characteristics make these fish susceptible to various diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to identify the pathogenic bacterial species that contaminate snapper based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The samples used in this study were the pathogenic bacterial isolates BPK-1 and BPK-2 which had previously been isolated from snapper fish originating from Banda Aceh waters. The bacteria were previously grown in nutrient broth (NB) media, then DNA genome from the bacteria was isolated using Presto ™ Mini g DNA Bacteria Kit, followed by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene. PCR products were sequenced and nucleotide sequence data were analyzed by bioinformatics software to construct phylogenetic tree. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates BPK-1 and BPK-2 were two different bacterial species. BPK-2 isolate has similarities with Aeromonas sp. with a similarity percentage of 96.69%. While the BPK-1 isolate has similarities with Aeromonas salmonicida with a similarity percentage of 85.88%, so it is suspected that it is a novel species that needs further research.
This study was conducted to explore the effect of methanolic extract of Veithcia merrillii on mor... more This study was conducted to explore the effect of methanolic extract of Veithcia merrillii on mortality time and histopathological changes of Fasciola gigantica in vitro. This study used 25 adult flukes of F. gigantica, divided into five groups: C0 as negative control (0.9% PBS), C1 as positive control (0.024mg/ml albendazole), and treatment groups were P1, P2, and P3 used 10%, 25% and 50% extract, respectively. The observation was carried out every 15 minutes to monitor the motility and mortality of each treatment group. Mortality time of each group was determined by score index and analyzed descriptively. Dead flukes from each group were then prepared for histological examination. The results revealed that 50% of V. merrillii extract (P3) had the same mortality time as C1, where all the flukes died after 30 minutes of treatment. Group P2 had a longer mortality time at 45 minutes and P1 was at 75 minutes. Histopathological observation showed alteration on some organs for C1 and tre...
Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2020
Catechin and their derivatives have been studied to have antiviral potential against COVID-19 thr... more Catechin and their derivatives have been studied to have antiviral potential against COVID-19 through in silico method “pharmacokinetics screening and molecular docking”. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles were obtained through the ADMETSAR server and SwissADME server. Then proceed with the prediction of affinity through the method molecular docking using the software application MOE 2007.09. The testmaterial is in the form of a 3D catechin structure and its derivatives as well as several control ligands downloaded via Pubmed. While templatethe Receptor M pro protein and the Spike glycoprotein are downloaded from pdb.org (PDB ID: 6LU7 and 6LXT). The pharmacokinetic profile of catechins is relatively better than all control ligands with the lowest toxicity. Molecular docking results also show that catechins and theirderivatives have a stronger affinity than control ligands. This research proves that catechin has antiviral potential through inhibition of Mpro protein and Spike gly...
Black cumin (Nigella sativa) has been traditionally used as medicine for various infectious and n... more Black cumin (Nigella sativa) has been traditionally used as medicine for various infectious and non-infectious diseases, such as skin infection, conjunctivitis, hypertension, gastrointestinal problems, diabetes, and diarrhea. This study aimed at finding out the effect of black cumin, N. sativa on the survival and pathological changes of liver flukes Fasciola gigantica in vitro. The seeds of N. sativa were extracted with maceration using methanol. Mature F. gigantica flukes were stored in PBS solution and treated with different concentrations of N. sativa extract namely 10% (T1), 25% (T2), and 50% (T3). Similar experiment using Albendazole 0.24 mg/ml and 1xPBS was used as positive (C1) and negative (C2) controls, respectively. All treatments were done at room temperature. The dead flukes were further examined for histopathological changes. The results showed that 50% concentration of extract killed all flukes within 15 minutes, much faster than caused by albendazole (30 minutes). In T2 (25% extract), all flukes were died in 31.5 minutes. The extract of N. sativa caused severe disruption of tegument, the alteration of internal organs, and the absence of tegument spine. The intestine showed inflammation with severity levels were in line with the extract concentration. There was also disintegration of testicular cells observed in the flukes treated with black cumin. In conclusion, N. sativa seed extract has potential medical property against F. gigantica in vitro.
The aim of the study was to observe the histopathological changes of the entire egg cells in the ... more The aim of the study was to observe the histopathological changes of the entire egg cells in the uterine of Ascaridia galli worms treated with crude ethanolic extract of Veitchia merrillii nuts. Histopathological changes of the entire egg cells were observed to describe that the activity of extract V. merrillii nuts interfered the reproduction process could decrease the quantity and quality of A. galli eggs. The experiments consisted of 16 head A. galli female adult worms divided into four groups, contained four worms of each, and maintained in 0.9% phosphate buffered saline (PBS). First group, a negative control experiment consisted of A. galli in 0.9% PBS. Second group, concentration of 15 mg/mL albendazole was used as a positive control. Third group and fourth group, in vitro exposure of the worms to the crude ethanolic extract V. merrillii nuts at a concentration of 25 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL, respectively. The histopathological changes of egg cells in the uterine region of stained w...
The research has been conducted to determine hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Acal... more The research has been conducted to determine hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. leaves on rats (Rattus novergicus) induced with paracetamol. The study was performed following a completely randomized design, using 45 male rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into 5 groups. Rats in group 1 (K1) were given CMC 1 % for 7 days and followed by aquadest administration 8 hours post given CMC on day 7. Group 2 was given CMC 1 % for 7 days and treated with paracetamol at dose 2,5 g/kg BW 8 hours post given CMC on day 7. Groups 3 (K3), 4 (K4), and 5 (K5) were pretreated with ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. leaves at the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW for 7 days respectively, followed by paracetamol administration at the dose of 2.5 g/kg BW in 1 Staf Pengajar Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Mei, 2010, Vol. XIII, No. 6 Aktivitas Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kucing-kucingan Acalypha in...
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Veterinary, Animal, and Environmental Sciences (ICVAES 2020), 2021
This study was aimed to find out burden of nematode infection in aceh cattle with different skin ... more This study was aimed to find out burden of nematode infection in aceh cattle with different skin colors. The samples were 105 cattle consisting of adult male and female. Each of skin color consisted of 15 males and 20 females obtained from Aceh Besar District. The samples were examined in the laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Medicine faculty, Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh. The examination of nematode’s egg is done by observation on the cattle’ feces using centripus test and Mcmaster test. From the results of the study, it was revealed that the prevalence of Nematodiasis based on skin color are: Red 74.3%, Black 82.9%, and white 85.7%. The average number of eggs per gram of feces based on cattle skin color is obtained 23,07 from red, 413,7 black and 610 white. From this result, it can be stated that the lowest rate of infection and the amount of nematode’s egg in each gram of cattle’s feces on aceh cattle based on skin color is a cattle with the red color. These results are...
T rematode Paramphistomum cervi causes paramphisto- miasis in cattle, goats, sheep, and other rum... more T rematode Paramphistomum cervi causes paramphisto- miasis in cattle, goats, sheep, and other ruminants, including wildlife. This fluke is usually found in rumen and abomasum, and triggers annual economic loss up to US $ 3 billion . Paramphistomiasis usually have no significant clinical symptoms, in chronic infection, it will cause severe weight loss, low milk production, infertility, and even death . Synthetic Anthelmintic have been used for centuries as the most effective measure for the treatment, yet the infection rate is still high. Furthermore, synthetic drugs may cause several disadvantages, including drug resistance, adverse drug reaction, chemical residue, and high cost . All of these problems could be resolved by using common traditional herbs to replace synthetic drugs which would be more acceptable, easier to obtain, and low-cost. Nigella sativa Linn. has been used as a traditional medicine in the Middle East and South Asia for over 100 years, and it has been introduced and utilized in other parts of the world as one of the most promising treatment as antihypertensive, diuretics, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-diarrheal, immunostimulatory, bronchodilator, liver and gastro
This study aimed to determine the types of gastrointestinal protozoa that infested long-tailed ma... more This study aimed to determine the types of gastrointestinal protozoa that infested long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Sabang Municipality. This study could be used as a basis of consideration for controlling zoonotic diseases caused by gastrointestinal protozoa. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This study used 60 samples of M. fascicularis faeces collected from two sub-districts, 30 samples of Sukakarya District and 30 samples from Sukajaya District. Samples were examined using the floatation, formol ether, and modified acid-fast ziehl-neelsen method. The results showed that the highest infestation of protozoa in long-tailed macaque from Sukakarya was Cyclospora cayetanensis species (73%), followed by the genus Eimeria sp. (53%), Balantidium sp. (46%) and Cryptosporidium parvum species (43%). Long-tailed macaque from Sukajaya was found to be highly infested by Balantidium (53%), followed...
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Veterinary, Animal, and Environmental Sciences (ICVAES 2020), 2021
This study was aimed at finding out protein profile of excretory-secretory and somatic antigen of... more This study was aimed at finding out protein profile of excretory-secretory and somatic antigen of Paramphistomum spp. As many as 60 Paramphistomum spp. taken from cattle in Banda Aceh Municipality Slaughterhouse were placed into 80 ml Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 and incubated for 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Excretorysecretory as well as somatic antigen was isolated and the concentration of protein was determined using Bradford method, and calibration curve was conducted using Bovine Serum Albumin as standard. To find out the molecular weight of protein, SDS-PAGE method was employed. The linear regression of calibration curve was y= 0.451x + 0.651. The highest concentrations of excretory-secretory antigen protein obtained was 235 ppm, and the somatic protein was 261 ppm. Weight of protein molecules was ranging from 29-130 kDa.
This study aimed to determine the anatomical pathology and histopathological, and their relations... more This study aimed to determine the anatomical pathology and histopathological, and their relationship of the ascaridiosis caused by Ascaridia galli worms infection that have been found in layer chickens after necropsy, thus facilitating the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ascaridiosis. This study used 1 dead chicken from the Lambaro traditional market, Ingin Jaya District, Aceh Besar Regency. The sample was taken to the Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University for dissected and observed in anatomical pathology changes, then histopathological preparations were made to observe histopathological changes. Data were obtained then analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of images. The results of anatomical pathology examination in chickens infected with ascaridiosis were found the Ascaridia galli worms infestation in the intestinal lumen with moderate infestation rates and focal area of hemorrhage in the intestinal mucosa. Then, histopat...
The mutations of the KRAS gene at codons 12, 13, and 61 have been widely reported with different ... more The mutations of the KRAS gene at codons 12, 13, and 61 have been widely reported with different prognosis. In silico is one approach to explain the characteristics of the mutant genes. This study aimed to reveal the potential energy and fluctuations of the binding site and active site of wildtype KRAS (KRAS Wt) and mutant KRAS (KRAS Mt) at codons 12, 13, and 61. The samples used in this study were the sequences of KRAS Wt and KRAS Mt genes, which were subjected to in-silico analysis that included molecular homology, docking, and dynamics using MOE, PyMOL, and online CABS servers. The results showed that fluctuations in the binding site of all KRAS Mt were lower than that of KRAS Wt. On the contrary, the active site (switch I and switch II) of KRAS Mt fluctuated more widely than KRAS Wt. The potential energy of KRAS Mt before forming a complex with GTP was higher (p<0.01) than KRAS Wt. After this formation, it remained higher at codons 12 and 61 but lower at codons 11 and 13 (p <0.001). Mt G12A did not show any changes. The higher fluctuations in the switch I and switch II regions and the post energy of KRAS-GTP complexes may explain why types of cancers with mutations at codons 11 and 13 have a better prognosis than those with mutations at codons 12 and 61.
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