It has been recently reported that meta-analysis can be applied to the assessment of the efficacy... more It has been recently reported that meta-analysis can be applied to the assessment of the efficacy of the summary estimate in experimental settings. We investigated therapeutic effects of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors in allergic murine models using meta-analysis. PubMed, EMBASE and Web of science were utilized for the literature search, and the search term was “PI3K inhibitor” and “Allergy” or “Asthma”. Experimental studies were included only when experiments were performed using mice. The primary outcome of the inflammatory profile is as follows: numbers of total cells with differentials in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, levels of serum total Ig E and pulmonary pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β. IL-1β, and VEGF). We evaluated effects of PI3K pan-inhibitors and PI3K-δ specific inhibitors as subgroups. Total of 16 articles were selected. PI3K pan-inhibitors significantly reduced total cell counts, eosinophils, and ne...
Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a dosimetric verification system (DVS) using a soli... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a dosimetric verification system (DVS) using a solid phantom for patient-specific quality assurance (QA) of high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT).Methods: The proposed DVS consists of three parts: dose measurement, dose calculation, and analysis. All the dose measurements were performed using EBT3 film and a solid phantom. The solid phantom made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, density = 1.04 g/cm3) was used to measure the dose distribution. To improve the accuracy of dose calculation by using the solid phantom, a conversion factor [CF(r)] according to the radial distance between the water and the solid phantom material was determined by Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, an independent dose calculation program (IDCP) was developed by applying the obtained CF(r). To validate the DVS, dosimetric verification was performed using gamma analysis with 3% dose difference and 3 mm distance-to-agreement criterion for three simulated c...
In the present study, novel AlCoCrNi high entropy nitride (HEN) films were deposited on Si substr... more In the present study, novel AlCoCrNi high entropy nitride (HEN) films were deposited on Si substrate by a reactive direct current magnetron sputtering system. In order to investigate the influence of sputtering parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the film, nitrogen flow ratio (RN: 25–100%) and process pressure (1.33 × 10−1–1.33 Pa) were controlled, respectively. All the films were identified as an amorphous phase with composition of near equiatomic ratios, regardless of the conditions of nitrogen flow ratios and process pressures. However, the limited mechanical properties were found for the films deposited under different nitrogen flow ratios with retaining the process pressure of 1.33 Pa. To enhance the mechanical properties of the AlCoCrNi HEN film, process pressure was adjusted. From the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, the structure of the film deposited at the process pressure of 1.33 Pa is identified as a porous and open structure ...
Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is a well-established treatment for breast cancer. However, there is a... more Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is a well-established treatment for breast cancer. However, there is a large degree of variation and controversy in practice patterns. A nationwide survey on the patterns of practice in breast RT was designed by the Division for Breast Cancer of the Korean Radiation Oncology Group. All board-certified members of the Korean Society for Radiation Oncology were sent a questionnaire comprising 39 questions on six domains: hypofractionated whole breast RT, accelerated partial breast RT, postmastectomy RT (PMRT), regional nodal RT, RT for ductal carcinoma , and RT toxicity. Sixty-four radiation oncologists from 54 of 86 (62.8%) hospitals responded. Twenty-three respondents (35.9%) used hypofractionated whole breast RT, and the most common schedule was 43.2 Gy in 16 fractions. Only three (4.7%) used accelerated partial breast RT. Five (7.8%) used hypofractionated PMRT, and 40 (62.5%) had never used boost RT after chest wall irradiation. Indications for regional n...
International journal of clinical oncology, Jan 3, 2018
It is important to take into account potential prognostic factors to select patients with brain m... more It is important to take into account potential prognostic factors to select patients with brain metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) who will benefit from active neurosurgical treatment. Therefore, we experimentally investigated our single institutional data to develop a novel CRC-specific graded prognostic assessment (GPA) and to help clinicians determine the optimal management. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 107 patients with brain metastases from CRC who received any kind of treatment in our hospital and had sufficient clinical information. The median overall survival was 5.2 months, and the 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 23.7 and 6.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of brain metastases ≥ 6, presence of neurologic symptoms, and elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (≥ 30 ng/ml) were the independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival, while performance status was not. Based on this, we developed the CRC-specific G...
Respiratory fungal exposure is known to be associated with severe allergic lung inflammation. Air... more Respiratory fungal exposure is known to be associated with severe allergic lung inflammation. Airway epithelium is an essential controller of allergic inflammation. An innate immune recognition receptor, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin-domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)-δ in airway epithelium are involved in various inflammatory processes. We investigated the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in fungi-induced allergic lung inflammation and examined the regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome, focusing on PI3K-δ in airway epithelium. We used two in vivo models induced by exposure to () and (), as well as an -exposed in vitro system. We also checked NLRP3 expression in lung tissues from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Assembly/activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was increased in the lung of -exposed mice. Elevation of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly/activation was observed in -stimulated mu...
Respiratory viral infection is the most common cause for severe asthma exacerbation. The double-s... more Respiratory viral infection is the most common cause for severe asthma exacerbation. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated serine/threonine kinase R (PKR) is well characterized as an essential component of the innate antiviral response. Meanwhile, PKR phosphorylates e-IF2a, one of branches for unfolded protein response (UPR). However, to date, there is little information on its role the asthma exacerbation, especially in steroid-resistant severe asthma. In this study, we investigated whether PKR activation is involved in the induction of asthma exacerbation using a mouse model of acute asthma exacerbation induced by the administration of poly (I:C). We found that the administration of poly (I:C) aggravated the all severe asthmatic features compared to those in mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and challenged with OVA (OVA LPS -OVA mice); the number of airway inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, airway hyperresponsiveness, and the expression of Th2 cytokines, IL-17 and KC in lung tissues. Interestingly, the PKR expression was also more increased in lung tissues from OVA LPS -OVA mice treated with poly (I:C) than OVA LPS -OVA mice. Moreover, the phosphorylation of PKR in primary cultured tracheal epithelial cells was further enhanced in OVA LPS -OVA mice treated with poly (I:C). PKR inhibition using 2-AP attenuated these features of exacerbated severe asthma. This study indicates that PKR activation plays an important role the induction of acute exacerbation of severe neutrophilic asthma, highlighting the therapeutic potential of PKR inhibitor as a potent controller of acute asthma exacerbation in severe asthmatic patients.
The purpose of this study was to compare the functional and cosmetic outcomes of robot-assisted n... more The purpose of this study was to compare the functional and cosmetic outcomes of robot-assisted neck dissection with those of conventional neck dissection. We prospectively analyzed 113 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent unilateral neck dissection by a robot-assisted postauricular facelift approach (38 patients) or conventional trans-cervical approach (75 patients). Postoperative functional outcomes such as edema, sensory loss, pain, and fibrosis in the neck, and limitations of neck and shoulder motion, and cosmetic satisfaction scored by questionnaire were evaluated serially up to 1year postoperatively, and compared between the two groups. There were differences at baseline clinicopathologic characteristics including age, T classification and stage between the two groups. The mean score of neck edema was lower in the robotic group than that of the conventional group at 1day and 3days postoperatively, and sensory loss was also lower in the robotic group at 1day, 3days ...
Purpose: This study was performed to identify a subset of patients who may benefit from post-mast... more Purpose: This study was performed to identify a subset of patients who may benefit from post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) among node-negative breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1,828 patients with pT1-2N0 breast cancer, treated with mastectomy without PMRT from 2005 to 2010 at 10 institutions. Univariate and multivariate analyses for locoregional recurrence (LRR) and any first recurrence (AFR) were performed according to clinicopathologic factors and biologic subtypes. Results: During a median follow-up period of 5.9 years (range: 0.7-10.4 years), 98 patients developed AFR (39 isolated LRR, 13 LRR with synchronous distant metastasis, and 46 isolated distant metastasis), and 52 patients developed LRR. The 7-year LRR and AFR rates were 3.8% and 6.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age of ≤ 40 years (p<0.001) and T2 stage (p=0.013) were independent risk factors for LRR. The 7-year LRR rates were 2.5% with no risk factors, 4.5% with one risk factor, and 12.4% with two risk factors. Multivariate analysis for AFR revealed that age of ≤ 40 years (p<0.001), T2 stage (p<0.001), and triple-negative biological subtype (p=0.045) were independent risk factors for AFR. The 7-year AFR rates were 3.9% with no risk factors, 8.4% with one risk factor, and 15.7% with two to three risk factors. Conclusions: Mastectomy without PMRT is a sufficient local treatment for pT1-2N0M0 breast cancer. Nevertheless, PMRT might be considered for patients with Clinical Research Paper
BACKGROUND: A hypertensive response is seen when a skull pin is inserted for a craniotomy. The ri... more BACKGROUND: A hypertensive response is seen when a skull pin is inserted for a craniotomy. The risk of morbidity and mortality is high in patients with intracranial pathology. Many methods have been introduced to overcome the problem. We compared the ...
The use of a p-type semiconductor layer excluding the UV light emitting device is disclosed. It i... more The use of a p-type semiconductor layer excluding the UV light emitting device is disclosed. It is provided an electron beam generation unit to generate the ultraviolet light, an electron beam formed in the electron beam generating section is guided to the ultraviolet rays generating section active. The electron beam in the active layer is collision, the electrons generated by the impact-hole pairs are bound by the well layer by the barrier layer of the active layer. The bound electron-hole forms an ultraviolet light through the recombination.
ICCMR 2015 Poster Presentation Abstracts lipoprotein receptor and inhibited the accumulation and ... more ICCMR 2015 Poster Presentation Abstracts lipoprotein receptor and inhibited the accumulation and activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase was stimulated by Palmiwon. In menopausal hyperlipidemic rats, Palmiw on reduced retroperitoneal and peri-renal fat accumulation, serum lipids, the atherogenic index, cardiac risk factors, intima-media thickness, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis scores relative to menopausal hyperlipidemic control rats. Conclusion: These results indicated that Palmiwon inhibits lipid accumulation without estrogenic activity in the breast. Therefore, Palmiwon may have potential as both a preventive and therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in menopausal females.
The degree of radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) can be measured quantitatively by fibrosis v... more The degree of radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) can be measured quantitatively by fibrosis volume (VF) on chest computed tomography (CT) scan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interobserver and intraobserver variability in CT-based measurement of VF. We selected 10 non-small cell lung cancer patients developed with RILF after postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) and delineated VF on the follow-up chest CT scanned at more than 6 months after radiotherapy. Three radiation oncologists independently delineated VF to investigate the interobserver variability. Three times of delineation of VF was performed by two radiation oncologists for the analysis of intraobserver variability. We analysed the concordance index (CI) and inter/intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The median CI was 0.61 (range, 0.44 to 0.68) for interobserver variability and the median CIs for intraobserver variability were 0.69 (range, 0.65 to 0.79) and 0.61(range, 0.55 to 0.65) by two observ...
Ethanol is the most commonly abused intoxicating substance among young and middle-aged adults, an... more Ethanol is the most commonly abused intoxicating substance among young and middle-aged adults, and ranks highly as a cause of disability and mortality. A pattern of heavy consumption, called binge drinking, leads to various psychiatric disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, assessments of the influence of short-term binge ethanol (SBE) intoxication on cerebral metabolite changes in human and rat models are scarce. We used in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to quantitatively assess neurochemical responses in hippocampus in a rat model of SBE intoxication. Seven SBE-exposed rats received an initial dose of 5.0-g/kg ethanol (30 %-w/v solution) through gavage and additional doses of 2.0-g/kg ethanol (25 %-w/v solution), every 8 hour for 4 days. Six rats in sham control group (CNTL) received an equivalent volume of distilled water at comparable times. Sixty minutes after last gavage session, in vivo 1H-MRS scans were obtained from all rats using a 4.7 Tesla animal scanner. For neurochemical analysis, a single voxel was positioned in the hippocampal region and spectra were fitted for the quantification of 17 cerebral neurochemical signals. In hippocampus, the concentration of total choline-containing compound signals (tCho: [glycerophosphocholine] + [phosphocholine]) was significantly lower in SBE-exposed rats than in CNTL rats. Moreover, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/total creatine (tCr: creatine + phosphocreatine), tCho/tCr, and tCho/total N-acetyl-aspartate (tNAA: N-acetyl-aspartate + N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate) ratios were significantly lower in SBE-exposed rats than CNTL rats. We determined that tCho, GABA, and tNAA signals were highly sensitive to short-term binge ethanol intoxication, which provides insights into neurochemical alterations associated with ethanol abuse.
Parotid gland can be considered as a risk organ in whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). The purpose o... more Parotid gland can be considered as a risk organ in whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the parotid gland sparing effect of computed tomography (CT)-based WBRT compared to 2-dimensional plan with conventional field margin. Materials and Methods: From January 2008 to April 2011, 53 patients underwent WBRT using CT-based simulation. Bilateral two-field arrangement was used and the prescribed dose was 30 Gy in 10 fractions. We compared the parotid dose between 2 radiotherapy plans using different lower field margins: conventional field to the lower level of the atlas (CF) and modified field fitted to the brain tissue (MF). Results: Averages of mean parotid dose of the 2 protocols with CF and MF were 17.4 Gy and 8.7 Gy, respectively (p < 0.001). Mean parotid dose of both glands ≥20 Gy were observed in 15 (28.3%) for CF and in 0 (0.0%) for MF. The whole brain percentage volumes receiving >98% of prescribed dose were 99.7% for CF and 99.5% for MF. Conclusion: Compared to WBRT with CF, CT-based lower field margin modification is a simple and effective technique for sparing the parotid gland, while providing similar dose coverage of the whole brain.
Revascularization of immature necrotic teeth is a reliable treatment alternative to conventional ... more Revascularization of immature necrotic teeth is a reliable treatment alternative to conventional apexogenesis or apexification. In case 1, a 12-year-old boy had his necrotic, immature mandibular left second premolar treated with a revascularization technique. At a 24-month follow-up, periapical radiolucency had disappeared and thickening of the root wall was observed. In cases 2 and 3, a 10-year-old boy had his necrotic, immature, bilateral mandibular second premolars treated with the same modality. At 48-month (in case 2) and 42-month (in case 3) follow-ups, loss of periapical radiolucencies and increases in the root wall thickness were also observed.
This study investigated the global transcriptional and metabolic changes occurring at multiple ti... more This study investigated the global transcriptional and metabolic changes occurring at multiple time points over 24 wk in response to a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods and results: C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD or normal diet (ND) over 24 wk. HFD-fed mice developed early clinical indicators of obesity-related co-morbidities including fatty liver, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Time-course microarray analysis at eight time points over 24 wk identified 332 HFD responsive genes as potential targets to counteract diet-induced obesity (DIO) and related co-morbidities. Glucose regulating enzyme activity and gene expression were altered early in the HFD-fed mice. Fatty acid (FA) and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in combination with inflammatory changes appear to be likely candidates contributing to hepatic insulin resistance. Cidea seemed to be one of representative genes related to these changes. Conclusion: Global transcriptional and metabolic profiling across multiple time points in liver revealed potential targets for nutritional interventions to reverse DIO. In future, new approaches targeting HFD responsive genes and hepatic metabolism could help ameliorate the deleterious effects of an HFD and DIO-related complication.
Purpose To recommend the optimal plan parameter set of grid size and angular increment for dose c... more Purpose To recommend the optimal plan parameter set of grid size and angular increment for dose calculations in treatment planning for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) considering both accuracy and computational efficiency. Materials and methods Dose variations with varying grid sizes (2, 3, and 4 mm) and angular increments (2°, 4°, 6°, and 10°) were analyzed in a thorax phantom for 3 spherical target volumes and in 9 patient cases. A 2-mm grid size and 2° angular increment are assumed sufficient to serve as reference values. The dosimetric effect was evaluated using dose–volume histograms, monitor units (MUs), and dose to organs at risk (OARs) for a definite volume corresponding to the dose–volume constraint in lung SBRT. The times required for dose calculations using each parameter set were compared for clinical practicality. Results Larger grid sizes caused a dose increase to the structures and required higher MUs to achie...
It has been recently reported that meta-analysis can be applied to the assessment of the efficacy... more It has been recently reported that meta-analysis can be applied to the assessment of the efficacy of the summary estimate in experimental settings. We investigated therapeutic effects of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors in allergic murine models using meta-analysis. PubMed, EMBASE and Web of science were utilized for the literature search, and the search term was “PI3K inhibitor” and “Allergy” or “Asthma”. Experimental studies were included only when experiments were performed using mice. The primary outcome of the inflammatory profile is as follows: numbers of total cells with differentials in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, levels of serum total Ig E and pulmonary pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β. IL-1β, and VEGF). We evaluated effects of PI3K pan-inhibitors and PI3K-δ specific inhibitors as subgroups. Total of 16 articles were selected. PI3K pan-inhibitors significantly reduced total cell counts, eosinophils, and ne...
Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a dosimetric verification system (DVS) using a soli... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a dosimetric verification system (DVS) using a solid phantom for patient-specific quality assurance (QA) of high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT).Methods: The proposed DVS consists of three parts: dose measurement, dose calculation, and analysis. All the dose measurements were performed using EBT3 film and a solid phantom. The solid phantom made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, density = 1.04 g/cm3) was used to measure the dose distribution. To improve the accuracy of dose calculation by using the solid phantom, a conversion factor [CF(r)] according to the radial distance between the water and the solid phantom material was determined by Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, an independent dose calculation program (IDCP) was developed by applying the obtained CF(r). To validate the DVS, dosimetric verification was performed using gamma analysis with 3% dose difference and 3 mm distance-to-agreement criterion for three simulated c...
In the present study, novel AlCoCrNi high entropy nitride (HEN) films were deposited on Si substr... more In the present study, novel AlCoCrNi high entropy nitride (HEN) films were deposited on Si substrate by a reactive direct current magnetron sputtering system. In order to investigate the influence of sputtering parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the film, nitrogen flow ratio (RN: 25–100%) and process pressure (1.33 × 10−1–1.33 Pa) were controlled, respectively. All the films were identified as an amorphous phase with composition of near equiatomic ratios, regardless of the conditions of nitrogen flow ratios and process pressures. However, the limited mechanical properties were found for the films deposited under different nitrogen flow ratios with retaining the process pressure of 1.33 Pa. To enhance the mechanical properties of the AlCoCrNi HEN film, process pressure was adjusted. From the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, the structure of the film deposited at the process pressure of 1.33 Pa is identified as a porous and open structure ...
Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is a well-established treatment for breast cancer. However, there is a... more Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is a well-established treatment for breast cancer. However, there is a large degree of variation and controversy in practice patterns. A nationwide survey on the patterns of practice in breast RT was designed by the Division for Breast Cancer of the Korean Radiation Oncology Group. All board-certified members of the Korean Society for Radiation Oncology were sent a questionnaire comprising 39 questions on six domains: hypofractionated whole breast RT, accelerated partial breast RT, postmastectomy RT (PMRT), regional nodal RT, RT for ductal carcinoma , and RT toxicity. Sixty-four radiation oncologists from 54 of 86 (62.8%) hospitals responded. Twenty-three respondents (35.9%) used hypofractionated whole breast RT, and the most common schedule was 43.2 Gy in 16 fractions. Only three (4.7%) used accelerated partial breast RT. Five (7.8%) used hypofractionated PMRT, and 40 (62.5%) had never used boost RT after chest wall irradiation. Indications for regional n...
International journal of clinical oncology, Jan 3, 2018
It is important to take into account potential prognostic factors to select patients with brain m... more It is important to take into account potential prognostic factors to select patients with brain metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) who will benefit from active neurosurgical treatment. Therefore, we experimentally investigated our single institutional data to develop a novel CRC-specific graded prognostic assessment (GPA) and to help clinicians determine the optimal management. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 107 patients with brain metastases from CRC who received any kind of treatment in our hospital and had sufficient clinical information. The median overall survival was 5.2 months, and the 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 23.7 and 6.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of brain metastases ≥ 6, presence of neurologic symptoms, and elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (≥ 30 ng/ml) were the independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival, while performance status was not. Based on this, we developed the CRC-specific G...
Respiratory fungal exposure is known to be associated with severe allergic lung inflammation. Air... more Respiratory fungal exposure is known to be associated with severe allergic lung inflammation. Airway epithelium is an essential controller of allergic inflammation. An innate immune recognition receptor, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin-domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)-δ in airway epithelium are involved in various inflammatory processes. We investigated the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in fungi-induced allergic lung inflammation and examined the regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome, focusing on PI3K-δ in airway epithelium. We used two in vivo models induced by exposure to () and (), as well as an -exposed in vitro system. We also checked NLRP3 expression in lung tissues from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Assembly/activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was increased in the lung of -exposed mice. Elevation of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly/activation was observed in -stimulated mu...
Respiratory viral infection is the most common cause for severe asthma exacerbation. The double-s... more Respiratory viral infection is the most common cause for severe asthma exacerbation. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated serine/threonine kinase R (PKR) is well characterized as an essential component of the innate antiviral response. Meanwhile, PKR phosphorylates e-IF2a, one of branches for unfolded protein response (UPR). However, to date, there is little information on its role the asthma exacerbation, especially in steroid-resistant severe asthma. In this study, we investigated whether PKR activation is involved in the induction of asthma exacerbation using a mouse model of acute asthma exacerbation induced by the administration of poly (I:C). We found that the administration of poly (I:C) aggravated the all severe asthmatic features compared to those in mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and challenged with OVA (OVA LPS -OVA mice); the number of airway inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, airway hyperresponsiveness, and the expression of Th2 cytokines, IL-17 and KC in lung tissues. Interestingly, the PKR expression was also more increased in lung tissues from OVA LPS -OVA mice treated with poly (I:C) than OVA LPS -OVA mice. Moreover, the phosphorylation of PKR in primary cultured tracheal epithelial cells was further enhanced in OVA LPS -OVA mice treated with poly (I:C). PKR inhibition using 2-AP attenuated these features of exacerbated severe asthma. This study indicates that PKR activation plays an important role the induction of acute exacerbation of severe neutrophilic asthma, highlighting the therapeutic potential of PKR inhibitor as a potent controller of acute asthma exacerbation in severe asthmatic patients.
The purpose of this study was to compare the functional and cosmetic outcomes of robot-assisted n... more The purpose of this study was to compare the functional and cosmetic outcomes of robot-assisted neck dissection with those of conventional neck dissection. We prospectively analyzed 113 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent unilateral neck dissection by a robot-assisted postauricular facelift approach (38 patients) or conventional trans-cervical approach (75 patients). Postoperative functional outcomes such as edema, sensory loss, pain, and fibrosis in the neck, and limitations of neck and shoulder motion, and cosmetic satisfaction scored by questionnaire were evaluated serially up to 1year postoperatively, and compared between the two groups. There were differences at baseline clinicopathologic characteristics including age, T classification and stage between the two groups. The mean score of neck edema was lower in the robotic group than that of the conventional group at 1day and 3days postoperatively, and sensory loss was also lower in the robotic group at 1day, 3days ...
Purpose: This study was performed to identify a subset of patients who may benefit from post-mast... more Purpose: This study was performed to identify a subset of patients who may benefit from post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) among node-negative breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1,828 patients with pT1-2N0 breast cancer, treated with mastectomy without PMRT from 2005 to 2010 at 10 institutions. Univariate and multivariate analyses for locoregional recurrence (LRR) and any first recurrence (AFR) were performed according to clinicopathologic factors and biologic subtypes. Results: During a median follow-up period of 5.9 years (range: 0.7-10.4 years), 98 patients developed AFR (39 isolated LRR, 13 LRR with synchronous distant metastasis, and 46 isolated distant metastasis), and 52 patients developed LRR. The 7-year LRR and AFR rates were 3.8% and 6.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age of ≤ 40 years (p<0.001) and T2 stage (p=0.013) were independent risk factors for LRR. The 7-year LRR rates were 2.5% with no risk factors, 4.5% with one risk factor, and 12.4% with two risk factors. Multivariate analysis for AFR revealed that age of ≤ 40 years (p<0.001), T2 stage (p<0.001), and triple-negative biological subtype (p=0.045) were independent risk factors for AFR. The 7-year AFR rates were 3.9% with no risk factors, 8.4% with one risk factor, and 15.7% with two to three risk factors. Conclusions: Mastectomy without PMRT is a sufficient local treatment for pT1-2N0M0 breast cancer. Nevertheless, PMRT might be considered for patients with Clinical Research Paper
BACKGROUND: A hypertensive response is seen when a skull pin is inserted for a craniotomy. The ri... more BACKGROUND: A hypertensive response is seen when a skull pin is inserted for a craniotomy. The risk of morbidity and mortality is high in patients with intracranial pathology. Many methods have been introduced to overcome the problem. We compared the ...
The use of a p-type semiconductor layer excluding the UV light emitting device is disclosed. It i... more The use of a p-type semiconductor layer excluding the UV light emitting device is disclosed. It is provided an electron beam generation unit to generate the ultraviolet light, an electron beam formed in the electron beam generating section is guided to the ultraviolet rays generating section active. The electron beam in the active layer is collision, the electrons generated by the impact-hole pairs are bound by the well layer by the barrier layer of the active layer. The bound electron-hole forms an ultraviolet light through the recombination.
ICCMR 2015 Poster Presentation Abstracts lipoprotein receptor and inhibited the accumulation and ... more ICCMR 2015 Poster Presentation Abstracts lipoprotein receptor and inhibited the accumulation and activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase was stimulated by Palmiwon. In menopausal hyperlipidemic rats, Palmiw on reduced retroperitoneal and peri-renal fat accumulation, serum lipids, the atherogenic index, cardiac risk factors, intima-media thickness, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis scores relative to menopausal hyperlipidemic control rats. Conclusion: These results indicated that Palmiwon inhibits lipid accumulation without estrogenic activity in the breast. Therefore, Palmiwon may have potential as both a preventive and therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in menopausal females.
The degree of radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) can be measured quantitatively by fibrosis v... more The degree of radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) can be measured quantitatively by fibrosis volume (VF) on chest computed tomography (CT) scan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interobserver and intraobserver variability in CT-based measurement of VF. We selected 10 non-small cell lung cancer patients developed with RILF after postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) and delineated VF on the follow-up chest CT scanned at more than 6 months after radiotherapy. Three radiation oncologists independently delineated VF to investigate the interobserver variability. Three times of delineation of VF was performed by two radiation oncologists for the analysis of intraobserver variability. We analysed the concordance index (CI) and inter/intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The median CI was 0.61 (range, 0.44 to 0.68) for interobserver variability and the median CIs for intraobserver variability were 0.69 (range, 0.65 to 0.79) and 0.61(range, 0.55 to 0.65) by two observ...
Ethanol is the most commonly abused intoxicating substance among young and middle-aged adults, an... more Ethanol is the most commonly abused intoxicating substance among young and middle-aged adults, and ranks highly as a cause of disability and mortality. A pattern of heavy consumption, called binge drinking, leads to various psychiatric disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, assessments of the influence of short-term binge ethanol (SBE) intoxication on cerebral metabolite changes in human and rat models are scarce. We used in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to quantitatively assess neurochemical responses in hippocampus in a rat model of SBE intoxication. Seven SBE-exposed rats received an initial dose of 5.0-g/kg ethanol (30 %-w/v solution) through gavage and additional doses of 2.0-g/kg ethanol (25 %-w/v solution), every 8 hour for 4 days. Six rats in sham control group (CNTL) received an equivalent volume of distilled water at comparable times. Sixty minutes after last gavage session, in vivo 1H-MRS scans were obtained from all rats using a 4.7 Tesla animal scanner. For neurochemical analysis, a single voxel was positioned in the hippocampal region and spectra were fitted for the quantification of 17 cerebral neurochemical signals. In hippocampus, the concentration of total choline-containing compound signals (tCho: [glycerophosphocholine] + [phosphocholine]) was significantly lower in SBE-exposed rats than in CNTL rats. Moreover, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/total creatine (tCr: creatine + phosphocreatine), tCho/tCr, and tCho/total N-acetyl-aspartate (tNAA: N-acetyl-aspartate + N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate) ratios were significantly lower in SBE-exposed rats than CNTL rats. We determined that tCho, GABA, and tNAA signals were highly sensitive to short-term binge ethanol intoxication, which provides insights into neurochemical alterations associated with ethanol abuse.
Parotid gland can be considered as a risk organ in whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). The purpose o... more Parotid gland can be considered as a risk organ in whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the parotid gland sparing effect of computed tomography (CT)-based WBRT compared to 2-dimensional plan with conventional field margin. Materials and Methods: From January 2008 to April 2011, 53 patients underwent WBRT using CT-based simulation. Bilateral two-field arrangement was used and the prescribed dose was 30 Gy in 10 fractions. We compared the parotid dose between 2 radiotherapy plans using different lower field margins: conventional field to the lower level of the atlas (CF) and modified field fitted to the brain tissue (MF). Results: Averages of mean parotid dose of the 2 protocols with CF and MF were 17.4 Gy and 8.7 Gy, respectively (p < 0.001). Mean parotid dose of both glands ≥20 Gy were observed in 15 (28.3%) for CF and in 0 (0.0%) for MF. The whole brain percentage volumes receiving >98% of prescribed dose were 99.7% for CF and 99.5% for MF. Conclusion: Compared to WBRT with CF, CT-based lower field margin modification is a simple and effective technique for sparing the parotid gland, while providing similar dose coverage of the whole brain.
Revascularization of immature necrotic teeth is a reliable treatment alternative to conventional ... more Revascularization of immature necrotic teeth is a reliable treatment alternative to conventional apexogenesis or apexification. In case 1, a 12-year-old boy had his necrotic, immature mandibular left second premolar treated with a revascularization technique. At a 24-month follow-up, periapical radiolucency had disappeared and thickening of the root wall was observed. In cases 2 and 3, a 10-year-old boy had his necrotic, immature, bilateral mandibular second premolars treated with the same modality. At 48-month (in case 2) and 42-month (in case 3) follow-ups, loss of periapical radiolucencies and increases in the root wall thickness were also observed.
This study investigated the global transcriptional and metabolic changes occurring at multiple ti... more This study investigated the global transcriptional and metabolic changes occurring at multiple time points over 24 wk in response to a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods and results: C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD or normal diet (ND) over 24 wk. HFD-fed mice developed early clinical indicators of obesity-related co-morbidities including fatty liver, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Time-course microarray analysis at eight time points over 24 wk identified 332 HFD responsive genes as potential targets to counteract diet-induced obesity (DIO) and related co-morbidities. Glucose regulating enzyme activity and gene expression were altered early in the HFD-fed mice. Fatty acid (FA) and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in combination with inflammatory changes appear to be likely candidates contributing to hepatic insulin resistance. Cidea seemed to be one of representative genes related to these changes. Conclusion: Global transcriptional and metabolic profiling across multiple time points in liver revealed potential targets for nutritional interventions to reverse DIO. In future, new approaches targeting HFD responsive genes and hepatic metabolism could help ameliorate the deleterious effects of an HFD and DIO-related complication.
Purpose To recommend the optimal plan parameter set of grid size and angular increment for dose c... more Purpose To recommend the optimal plan parameter set of grid size and angular increment for dose calculations in treatment planning for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) considering both accuracy and computational efficiency. Materials and methods Dose variations with varying grid sizes (2, 3, and 4 mm) and angular increments (2°, 4°, 6°, and 10°) were analyzed in a thorax phantom for 3 spherical target volumes and in 9 patient cases. A 2-mm grid size and 2° angular increment are assumed sufficient to serve as reference values. The dosimetric effect was evaluated using dose–volume histograms, monitor units (MUs), and dose to organs at risk (OARs) for a definite volume corresponding to the dose–volume constraint in lung SBRT. The times required for dose calculations using each parameter set were compared for clinical practicality. Results Larger grid sizes caused a dose increase to the structures and required higher MUs to achie...
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Papers by hae jin park