In the original published version of the above article, the co-authors' name "Ohl, Michael" was m... more In the original published version of the above article, the co-authors' name "Ohl, Michael" was misspelled as "Ohl, Micheal" and "George Poinar" should have been presented as "George Poinar Jr." The names are presented correctly above. The original article has been corrected. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Iridoviruses of terrestrial isopods (IIV) were first described in detail in 1980 (FEDERICI 1980; ... more Iridoviruses of terrestrial isopods (IIV) were first described in detail in 1980 (FEDERICI 1980; COLE and MORRIS 1980) although the distinct purple to blue iridescent coloration produced in infected individuals had been noticed by many individuals long before. The iridovirus isolated from the pillbug, Armadillidium vulgare was designated type 31 and that from the sowbug, Porcellio dilatatus, type 32 (FEDERICI 1980), although it was suggested that they were in fact the same virus. COLE and MORRIS (1980) characterized the iridoviruses from A. vulgare and Porcellio scaber and determined that they were indeed identical in structural appearance, in biochemical properties, and serologically. This same
A comparison was made between Neoaplectana glaseri which occurs in North and South America and N.... more A comparison was made between Neoaplectana glaseri which occurs in North and South America and N. anomali which has been reported only from Central Europe. Both nematodes parasitize members of the Scarabaeidae and are morphologically vcry similar. However they do not inrerbreed and differences occur in their symbiotic bacteria, electrophoresis enzyme patterns and spicule shape. The question as to whether these two species are an example of parallelism or divergence is addressed.
Xenorhabdus luminescens, a newly isolated luminous bacterium collected from a human wound, was ch... more Xenorhabdus luminescens, a newly isolated luminous bacterium collected from a human wound, was characterized. The effects of ionic strength, temperature, oxygen, and iron on growth and development of the bioluminescent system were studied. The bacteria grew and emitted light best at 33 degrees C in a medium with low salt, and the medium after growth of cells to a high density was found to have antibiotic activity. The emission spectrum peaked at 482 nm in vivo and at 490 nm in vitro. Both growth and the development of luminescence in X. luminescens required oxygen and iron. The isolated luciferase itself exhibited a temperature optimum at about 40 degrees C; after purification by affinity chromatography, it showed two bands (52 and 41 kilodaltons) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicative of an alpha and beta subunit structure. Reduced flavin mononucleotide (Km of 1.4 microM) and tetradecanal (Km of 2.1 microM) were the best substrates for the lucifera...
An unusual isolate from a human leg wound was identified as Xenorhabdus luminescens. This finding... more An unusual isolate from a human leg wound was identified as Xenorhabdus luminescens. This finding led to the discovery or isolation of four additional strains, two from blood and two from wounds. Three of the five strains were from patients in San Antonio, Tex. Three strains were studied by DNA-DNA hybridization (S1 nuclease-trichloroacetic acid method) and were 77 to 100% related to each other, 34% related to the type strain of X. luminescens, 35 to 40% related to three of Grimont's other DNA hybridization groups of X. luminescens, and 9% related to the type strain of Xenorhabdus nematophilus. The new group of five strains was designated X. luminescens DNA hybridization group 5. All five strains were very inactive biochemically and fermented only D-glucose and D-mannose. The key reactions for recognizing this new organism are yellow pigment production, negative test for nitrate reduction to nitrite, weak bioluminescence (10 to 15 min of dark adaptation is required to see the we...
Two species of Roncus L. Koch, 1873 (Neobisiidae), new to science (R. ciobanmos n. sp. and R. dra... more Two species of Roncus L. Koch, 1873 (Neobisiidae), new to science (R. ciobanmos n. sp. and R. dragobeten. sp.), and one species of Neobisium Chamberlin, 1930 [N. (N). biharicum Beier, 1939], collected in the Movile Cave, southern Dobrogea, Romania, have been described, diagnostic characters illustrated, and their geographic distribution analyzed. In addition, the description of Chthonius (Chthonius) monicae Boghean, 1989 (Chthoniidae), otherwise known only from two females, has been amended. The possible relationships of these species are discussed in view of the importance of some diagnostic characters and of the evolution of their cave habitat.
International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1997
Partial 16s rRNA gene sequences of 16 strains of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhubdus were det... more Partial 16s rRNA gene sequences of 16 strains of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhubdus were determined by direct sequencing of PCR products. Aligned sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by maximumlikelihood and maximum-parsimony methods. Distance matrix and phylogenetic analysis did not separate the genera unambiguously. Taxonomic grouping of the bacteria closely paralleled taxonomic grouping of their nematode associates and their geographic origins. We found at least two well-supported taxonomic groups in PhotorhQbdus species, which suggests that the genus Photorhabdus is coevolving with the nematodes and may be polyspecific.
BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 1990
The nematode originally described as Diplogaster aerivora by Cobb is redescribed in the new genus... more The nematode originally described as Diplogaster aerivora by Cobb is redescribed in the new genus Chroniodiplogaster. Diagnostic characters of the new genus include (1) the presence of 9 genital papillae, 3 of which are closely associated in a triplet set at the base of the tail, (2) 2 separate bursae, 1 which extends ventrolaterally along the tail, and the second, which is associated with the triplet papillae, and (3) a dorsal metarhabdion with a large mobile tooth and subventral metarhabdions with variably sized teeth. Dauer stages of C. aerivora occurred in the heads of worker termites of Reticulitermes tibialis. On occasion, the nematodes would enter the body cavity and kill the termites.
Book review of "Primate Parasite Ecology: The dynamics and study of host-parasite relationships" ... more Book review of "Primate Parasite Ecology: The dynamics and study of host-parasite relationships" by Michael A. Huffman and Colin A. Chapman (Eds.
Since its introduction in France 10 years ago, the yellow-legged Asian bee-hawking hornet Vespa v... more Since its introduction in France 10 years ago, the yellow-legged Asian bee-hawking hornet Vespa velutina has rapidly spread to neighboring countries (Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, and Germany), becoming a new threat to beekeeping activities. While introduced species often leave behind natural enemies from their original home, which benefits them in their new environment, they can also suffer local recruitment of natural enemies. Three mermithid parasitic subadults were obtained from V. velutina adults in 2012, from two French localities. However, these were the only parasitic nematodes reported up to now in Europe, in spite of the huge numbers of nests destroyed each year and the recent examination of 33,000 adult hornets. This suggests that the infection of V. velutina by these nematodes is exceptional. Morphological criteria assigned the specimens to the genus Pheromermis and molecular data (18S sequences) to the Mermithidae, due to the lack of Pheromermis spp. sequences in GenBank. The species is probably Pheromermis vesparum, a parasite of social wasps in Europe. This nematode is the second native enemy of Vespa velutina recorded in France, after a conopid fly whose larvae develop as internal parasitoids of adult wasps and bumblebees. In this paper, we provide arguments for the local origin of the nematode parasite and its limited impact on hornet colony survival. We also clarify why these parasites (mermithids and conopids) most likely could not hamper the hornet invasion nor be used in biological control programs against this invasive species.
A new nematode, Anomalomermis ephemerophagis n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) is described f... more A new nematode, Anomalomermis ephemerophagis n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) is described from the mayfly Ephemerella maculata Traver (Ephermeroptera: Ephermerellidae) in California. The new species is characterised by six cephalic papillae and four additional disk papillae located on the head between the cephalic papillae and stoma. Additional diagnostic characters are: a terminal mouth opening; absence of X-fibers in the cuticle of both postparasitic juveniles and adults; paired, curved, medium-sized spicules; a straight barrow-shaped vagina and large eggs. Two infectious agents were present in some specimens. This is the first description of an adult nematode from a mayfly.
Allomermis solenopsi n. sp. (Mermithidae: Nematoda) is described from the fire ant Solenopsis inv... more Allomermis solenopsi n. sp. (Mermithidae: Nematoda) is described from the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina. Diagnostic characters of the new species include stiff and erect processes on the surface of the mature egg, small female amphids, extension of the latero-medial rows of male genital papillae beyond the middle rows, an obliquely truncate spicule tip and a ventrally swollen male terminus. This is the first record of Allomermis Steiner, 1924 from South America and the first host record for members of this genus. Previous records of mermithids from Solenopsis spp. are summarised. The placement in Allomermis was confirmed by molecular analyses based on nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA sequences, the first such molecular framework for the Mermithidae. The possible life-cycle of the parasite is discussed, with the aim of using A. solenopsi as a biological control agent for fire ants in the United States.
Halomonhystera parasitica n. sp. (Monhysterida: Monhysteridae) is described from the bodycavity a... more Halomonhystera parasitica n. sp. (Monhysterida: Monhysteridae) is described from the bodycavity and under the dorsal plates of the sandy beach amphipod Talorchestia brito Stebbing (Crustacea: Talitridae) in Portugal. The new species differs from previously described members of the genus by a combination of the following characters: four medium-sized cephalic setae; base of stoma with three blunt denticles; posterior dilated portion of stoma absent; amphids small, with width less than quarter of corresponding body width; amphids located less than two labial widths from anterior extremity; uterine eggs elliptical and unembryonated; gubernaculum lacks caudal process; and male tail with two separated pairs of postcloacal papillae and a single subterminal seta-like papilla. This is the first representative of the family Monhysteridae parasitic in the body-cavity of crustaceans. Approximately 48% of the amphipods examined contained various stages of H. parasitica.
We assessed the parasitism of Metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi on its host, the coffee berry borer... more We assessed the parasitism of Metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi on its host, the coffee berry borer, in 20 coffee plantations of Mexico. A total of 23,568 adult borers were dissected, with 179 of these infected with nematodes (0.76% infection rate). Although the level of parasitism is not encouraging, the nematode is another natural enemy, which limits the population growth of this pest in Mexico.
In the original published version of the above article, the co-authors' name "Ohl, Michael" was m... more In the original published version of the above article, the co-authors' name "Ohl, Michael" was misspelled as "Ohl, Micheal" and "George Poinar" should have been presented as "George Poinar Jr." The names are presented correctly above. The original article has been corrected. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Iridoviruses of terrestrial isopods (IIV) were first described in detail in 1980 (FEDERICI 1980; ... more Iridoviruses of terrestrial isopods (IIV) were first described in detail in 1980 (FEDERICI 1980; COLE and MORRIS 1980) although the distinct purple to blue iridescent coloration produced in infected individuals had been noticed by many individuals long before. The iridovirus isolated from the pillbug, Armadillidium vulgare was designated type 31 and that from the sowbug, Porcellio dilatatus, type 32 (FEDERICI 1980), although it was suggested that they were in fact the same virus. COLE and MORRIS (1980) characterized the iridoviruses from A. vulgare and Porcellio scaber and determined that they were indeed identical in structural appearance, in biochemical properties, and serologically. This same
A comparison was made between Neoaplectana glaseri which occurs in North and South America and N.... more A comparison was made between Neoaplectana glaseri which occurs in North and South America and N. anomali which has been reported only from Central Europe. Both nematodes parasitize members of the Scarabaeidae and are morphologically vcry similar. However they do not inrerbreed and differences occur in their symbiotic bacteria, electrophoresis enzyme patterns and spicule shape. The question as to whether these two species are an example of parallelism or divergence is addressed.
Xenorhabdus luminescens, a newly isolated luminous bacterium collected from a human wound, was ch... more Xenorhabdus luminescens, a newly isolated luminous bacterium collected from a human wound, was characterized. The effects of ionic strength, temperature, oxygen, and iron on growth and development of the bioluminescent system were studied. The bacteria grew and emitted light best at 33 degrees C in a medium with low salt, and the medium after growth of cells to a high density was found to have antibiotic activity. The emission spectrum peaked at 482 nm in vivo and at 490 nm in vitro. Both growth and the development of luminescence in X. luminescens required oxygen and iron. The isolated luciferase itself exhibited a temperature optimum at about 40 degrees C; after purification by affinity chromatography, it showed two bands (52 and 41 kilodaltons) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicative of an alpha and beta subunit structure. Reduced flavin mononucleotide (Km of 1.4 microM) and tetradecanal (Km of 2.1 microM) were the best substrates for the lucifera...
An unusual isolate from a human leg wound was identified as Xenorhabdus luminescens. This finding... more An unusual isolate from a human leg wound was identified as Xenorhabdus luminescens. This finding led to the discovery or isolation of four additional strains, two from blood and two from wounds. Three of the five strains were from patients in San Antonio, Tex. Three strains were studied by DNA-DNA hybridization (S1 nuclease-trichloroacetic acid method) and were 77 to 100% related to each other, 34% related to the type strain of X. luminescens, 35 to 40% related to three of Grimont's other DNA hybridization groups of X. luminescens, and 9% related to the type strain of Xenorhabdus nematophilus. The new group of five strains was designated X. luminescens DNA hybridization group 5. All five strains were very inactive biochemically and fermented only D-glucose and D-mannose. The key reactions for recognizing this new organism are yellow pigment production, negative test for nitrate reduction to nitrite, weak bioluminescence (10 to 15 min of dark adaptation is required to see the we...
Two species of Roncus L. Koch, 1873 (Neobisiidae), new to science (R. ciobanmos n. sp. and R. dra... more Two species of Roncus L. Koch, 1873 (Neobisiidae), new to science (R. ciobanmos n. sp. and R. dragobeten. sp.), and one species of Neobisium Chamberlin, 1930 [N. (N). biharicum Beier, 1939], collected in the Movile Cave, southern Dobrogea, Romania, have been described, diagnostic characters illustrated, and their geographic distribution analyzed. In addition, the description of Chthonius (Chthonius) monicae Boghean, 1989 (Chthoniidae), otherwise known only from two females, has been amended. The possible relationships of these species are discussed in view of the importance of some diagnostic characters and of the evolution of their cave habitat.
International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1997
Partial 16s rRNA gene sequences of 16 strains of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhubdus were det... more Partial 16s rRNA gene sequences of 16 strains of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhubdus were determined by direct sequencing of PCR products. Aligned sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by maximumlikelihood and maximum-parsimony methods. Distance matrix and phylogenetic analysis did not separate the genera unambiguously. Taxonomic grouping of the bacteria closely paralleled taxonomic grouping of their nematode associates and their geographic origins. We found at least two well-supported taxonomic groups in PhotorhQbdus species, which suggests that the genus Photorhabdus is coevolving with the nematodes and may be polyspecific.
BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 1990
The nematode originally described as Diplogaster aerivora by Cobb is redescribed in the new genus... more The nematode originally described as Diplogaster aerivora by Cobb is redescribed in the new genus Chroniodiplogaster. Diagnostic characters of the new genus include (1) the presence of 9 genital papillae, 3 of which are closely associated in a triplet set at the base of the tail, (2) 2 separate bursae, 1 which extends ventrolaterally along the tail, and the second, which is associated with the triplet papillae, and (3) a dorsal metarhabdion with a large mobile tooth and subventral metarhabdions with variably sized teeth. Dauer stages of C. aerivora occurred in the heads of worker termites of Reticulitermes tibialis. On occasion, the nematodes would enter the body cavity and kill the termites.
Book review of "Primate Parasite Ecology: The dynamics and study of host-parasite relationships" ... more Book review of "Primate Parasite Ecology: The dynamics and study of host-parasite relationships" by Michael A. Huffman and Colin A. Chapman (Eds.
Since its introduction in France 10 years ago, the yellow-legged Asian bee-hawking hornet Vespa v... more Since its introduction in France 10 years ago, the yellow-legged Asian bee-hawking hornet Vespa velutina has rapidly spread to neighboring countries (Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, and Germany), becoming a new threat to beekeeping activities. While introduced species often leave behind natural enemies from their original home, which benefits them in their new environment, they can also suffer local recruitment of natural enemies. Three mermithid parasitic subadults were obtained from V. velutina adults in 2012, from two French localities. However, these were the only parasitic nematodes reported up to now in Europe, in spite of the huge numbers of nests destroyed each year and the recent examination of 33,000 adult hornets. This suggests that the infection of V. velutina by these nematodes is exceptional. Morphological criteria assigned the specimens to the genus Pheromermis and molecular data (18S sequences) to the Mermithidae, due to the lack of Pheromermis spp. sequences in GenBank. The species is probably Pheromermis vesparum, a parasite of social wasps in Europe. This nematode is the second native enemy of Vespa velutina recorded in France, after a conopid fly whose larvae develop as internal parasitoids of adult wasps and bumblebees. In this paper, we provide arguments for the local origin of the nematode parasite and its limited impact on hornet colony survival. We also clarify why these parasites (mermithids and conopids) most likely could not hamper the hornet invasion nor be used in biological control programs against this invasive species.
A new nematode, Anomalomermis ephemerophagis n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) is described f... more A new nematode, Anomalomermis ephemerophagis n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) is described from the mayfly Ephemerella maculata Traver (Ephermeroptera: Ephermerellidae) in California. The new species is characterised by six cephalic papillae and four additional disk papillae located on the head between the cephalic papillae and stoma. Additional diagnostic characters are: a terminal mouth opening; absence of X-fibers in the cuticle of both postparasitic juveniles and adults; paired, curved, medium-sized spicules; a straight barrow-shaped vagina and large eggs. Two infectious agents were present in some specimens. This is the first description of an adult nematode from a mayfly.
Allomermis solenopsi n. sp. (Mermithidae: Nematoda) is described from the fire ant Solenopsis inv... more Allomermis solenopsi n. sp. (Mermithidae: Nematoda) is described from the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina. Diagnostic characters of the new species include stiff and erect processes on the surface of the mature egg, small female amphids, extension of the latero-medial rows of male genital papillae beyond the middle rows, an obliquely truncate spicule tip and a ventrally swollen male terminus. This is the first record of Allomermis Steiner, 1924 from South America and the first host record for members of this genus. Previous records of mermithids from Solenopsis spp. are summarised. The placement in Allomermis was confirmed by molecular analyses based on nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA sequences, the first such molecular framework for the Mermithidae. The possible life-cycle of the parasite is discussed, with the aim of using A. solenopsi as a biological control agent for fire ants in the United States.
Halomonhystera parasitica n. sp. (Monhysterida: Monhysteridae) is described from the bodycavity a... more Halomonhystera parasitica n. sp. (Monhysterida: Monhysteridae) is described from the bodycavity and under the dorsal plates of the sandy beach amphipod Talorchestia brito Stebbing (Crustacea: Talitridae) in Portugal. The new species differs from previously described members of the genus by a combination of the following characters: four medium-sized cephalic setae; base of stoma with three blunt denticles; posterior dilated portion of stoma absent; amphids small, with width less than quarter of corresponding body width; amphids located less than two labial widths from anterior extremity; uterine eggs elliptical and unembryonated; gubernaculum lacks caudal process; and male tail with two separated pairs of postcloacal papillae and a single subterminal seta-like papilla. This is the first representative of the family Monhysteridae parasitic in the body-cavity of crustaceans. Approximately 48% of the amphipods examined contained various stages of H. parasitica.
We assessed the parasitism of Metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi on its host, the coffee berry borer... more We assessed the parasitism of Metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi on its host, the coffee berry borer, in 20 coffee plantations of Mexico. A total of 23,568 adult borers were dissected, with 179 of these infected with nematodes (0.76% infection rate). Although the level of parasitism is not encouraging, the nematode is another natural enemy, which limits the population growth of this pest in Mexico.
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