A split-plot experiment using randomized complete block design with 3 replications was conducted ... more A split-plot experiment using randomized complete block design with 3 replications was conducted in the Fashtal village of Siahkal in the cropping year 2013-2014 to study the effects of various rates of nitrogen fertilizer and of planting dates on yield and yield components of the colza (Brassica napus L.) cultivar Hyola401. Four levels of the nitrogen fertilizer (urea at 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha) were the main plots, and 4 planting dates (7, 17, 27 October and 6 November 2013) the subplots. Results showed the effects of the planting dates and rates of urea on biomass, seed yield, plant height were significant at the 1% probability level (p<0.01). The effects of the rates of fertilizer application, but those of the planting dates on harvest index and 1000-seed weight were not. The mutual effects of rate of urea application and planting date were not significant on any of the studied traits except for biomass and seed yield. The maximum yield was observed in the treatment with th...
Introduction: The increase in immobility in all sections of society, especially children and adol... more Introduction: The increase in immobility in all sections of society, especially children and adolescents, has become one of the most important concerns in the health status of this age group. Aim: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of watching models of teaching physical activity on cognitive-motor components and physical competence among children. Method: The current research was a semi-experimental study with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all 8-10 year-old boy students of Khoi city in the academic year of 2021-2022. 30 males with aged 8-10 years were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. To data collection, we used the Canadian Physical Literacy Assessment Tool (CAPL), Physical Fitness Scale, Progressive Aerobic Fitness Test, Health-Related Physical Fitness Test and Basic Physical Education Training. Univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance were us...
The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of repeated competition on salivary co... more The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of repeated competition on salivary cortisol and DHEA-S in amateur women karate athletes. We recruited 20 young elite female karate fighters [height 158 ± 7 cm (mean ± S.D.), weight 59.5 ± 10.9 kg, age 21.1 ± 3.0 years], who were placed first till fourth in the Iranian championship tournament. Five ml of unstimulated whole saliva was collected 30-min before and 5-min after first and last match in competition and analyzed for cortisol and DHEA-S concentrations. The results showed that participation in competition resulted in significantly increased saliva cortisol level (p < 0.05). The concentration of salivary cortisol increased throughout the competition (p < 0.05). Although the concentration of cortisol was decreased after a final competition, it was higher than resting values (p < 0.05). The concentration of salivary DHEA-S was not affected by competition (p > 0.05). Significant differences in salivary steroid...
Sports industry includes sectors such as sporting goods, marketing and financial support. Changes... more Sports industry includes sectors such as sporting goods, marketing and financial support. Changes in marketing concept over the past decade lead all businesses and organizations to customer Orientation and customer loyalty. This aim of this study is to examine loyalty of Wushu premier league team athletes to sport brands and identify its underlying factors. The method of this study was descriptive, correlation, longitudinal and applied and data was collected in field method. The statistical population of study included all athletes participating in Wushu premier league (150) and was held in Tehran and sample was selected as (n = 150). The tool was new version of brand loyalty evaluation questionnaire of Lau et al (2006) including eleven factors of product quality brand name, price, product style, shop environment, advertisement, quality of services, affected by others, social class, lifestyle and advertisement size. Reliability of questionnaire was obtained 0.86 in a preliminary stu...
The current study aimed to investigate factor structure, internal consistency, and construct vali... more The current study aimed to investigate factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity of the scale to measure attitude toward advertising through sport. To collect data, a 45-item, seven-point Likert scale to measure attitude toward advertising through sport proposed by Pyun (2006) was applied [37]. A total of 390 students were selected in the sport management courses at Bachelor's (BBA), Master's (MBA) and Doctoral (PhD) levels from universities of Tehran (Iran) during the academic year 2012-2013 by using a random sampling method. The confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the construct validity. The findings showed that Cronbach's coefficient alpha provided a good estimate of the reliability for the total scale (0.86) and seven factors. Through the confirmatory factor analysis, the obtained coefficients were significant (> 1.96), indicating the necessary validity for the scale. The study provided support for the application of the scale ...
Article history: Received 12 November 2014 Received in revised form 31 December 2014 Accepted 22 ... more Article history: Received 12 November 2014 Received in revised form 31 December 2014 Accepted 22 January 2015 Available online 25 February 2015
Individuals' perspective on life has changed and they efforts to improve their aspects of qua... more Individuals' perspective on life has changed and they efforts to improve their aspects of quality of life. In the sport environment, burnout has been defined “as a psychological, emotional, and physical withdrawal from a formerly pursued and enjoyable sport as a result of excessive stress which acts on the athlete over time.The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of life and burnout on athletes.The result indicates that there was negative significant relationship between quality of life with athlete burnout. Also, there was negative significant relationship between Physical performance, Energy/Fatigue,Mental Health,Social performance,Perceived general health with athlete burnout. Again, there was positive significant relationship between Limitations on roles due to physical Problems,Limitation on roles due to emotional problems,physical pain with athlete burnout.Developing quality of life could decrease burnout athletes.
The aim of the present study was to investigate causal relationship with the brand personality to... more The aim of the present study was to investigate causal relationship with the brand personality to Brand trust and brand affect in consumer sport. In this research, causal and data collection tools is a scale developed by the researchers based on Aaker model has been developed Face validity by experts and professionals in sports management and business administration has been confirmed. The population of this study, 300 students of Physical Education and Sports Science, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran were enrolled in the academic year 1392. Data gathered collected using confirmatory factor analysis and application were analyzed by LISREL software. The results showed that the dimensions of brand personality, the Ruggedness and Brand trust and brand affect positive and statistically significant. Significant effect on Brand trust and Sincerity and emotion of brand affect did not have a significant positive impact on the perfect brand affect of Brand trust, but are not so. The co...
Robustness of self- confidence beliefs (the ability to maintain confidence beliefs in the face of... more Robustness of self- confidence beliefs (the ability to maintain confidence beliefs in the face of adversity) have been highlighted as an important characteristic that contributes to the make up of mentally tough athletes. The purpose of the present set of studies was to validity and reliability of a trait measure of robustness of self-confidence in sport. beginning, for Validity questionnaires of robustness of self- confidence in the sports competition, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. Cronbach's alpha method to evaluate the internal consistency and coefficient reliability and test-retest (espearman and Pearson correlations coefficient formula) and split half methods to confirm stability of the questionnaire was used. Results showed that the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the questionnaire Robustness of self- confidence is 0/731 and In terms of reliability is acceptable. Results support that the trait measure of...
Organizational citizenship behavior is according to Organ an “individual behavior that is discret... more Organizational citizenship behavior is according to Organ an “individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly. Personality has been defined as ‘‘psychological qualities that contribute to an individual’s enduring and distinctive patterns of feeling, thinking and behaving’’. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and organizational citizenshipbehavior on athletes. The result indicates that there was significant relationship between personality traits and OCB. There were positive significant relationship between Openness to experience (P= 0.00, r= 0.17), agreeableness (P= 0.00, r= 0.21), Conscientiousness (P= 0.00, r= 0.19) with OCB. Also, There was negative significant relationship between Neuroticism (P= 0.02, r= - 0.14) with OCB. Again, There wasn’t significant relationship between Extraversion (P= 0.07, r= - 0.11) with OCB.By identify athletes personality traits coaches could develop their OCB.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2021
One of the modern ways of investing in sports and advertising is through sports. Along with finan... more One of the modern ways of investing in sports and advertising is through sports. Along with financial backers, the ambush marketing phenomenon has been around for three decades. In Iran, one of the weaknesses is the lack of rules and weakness in the implementation of marketing laws. Football and wrestling are popular sports in Iran and have significant sponsors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the situation of ambush marketing in football and wrestling. The present study is of qualitative type. The statistical population includes 12 professionals: professors of sports marketing, media officials, the Football Federation, and football wrestling and financial support. Research tools are semi-structured interviews and research methods, content analysis and thematic analysis using Nvivo8 software. The research results showed that the term hidden marketing should be used instead of ambush marketing, and strict legislation and heavy financial penalties are required by lawmaker...
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Summer Conferences of Sports Science, 2019
Since sport entrepreneurship has recently been proved critical to the sport industry success, her... more Since sport entrepreneurship has recently been proved critical to the sport industry success, herein, we tested conceptual model of entrepreneurial marketing for sport club managers in Tehran, Iran. In order to assess entrepreneurial marketing, club nature, performance scale, market orientation, and entrepreneurship orientation, standardized methods of measurements were applied. The face and content validity of the research tools were confirmed by experts of sport marketing while the construct validity was affirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Structural Equation Modelling (SME) was estimated using partial least squares method in Smart PLS software. Our results demonstrated that except for entrepreneurship orientation, there was a positive and significant relationship between all variables and organizational performance. Moreover, a positive and significant relationship was also detected between all variables, except for market orientation, and entrepreneurial marketing. According to the goodness of fit, the model fitness was good (0.621).
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018
Rising life expectancy in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), coupled with the increasing bur... more Rising life expectancy in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), coupled with the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, accentuates the importance of generating information to support public health strategies. With this aim in mind, the purpose of this study was to identify correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in LMIC. We analyzed Wave 1 data (collected 2007-2010) from the World Health Organization's longitudinal Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), which focuses on nationally representative samples of adults aged 50 years and older from six countries (
سابقه و هدف: عوامل متعددی میتوانند در پیشگویی احتمال پوکی استخوان و تصمیمگیری برای انجام تراکم... more سابقه و هدف: عوامل متعددی میتوانند در پیشگویی احتمال پوکی استخوان و تصمیمگیری برای انجام تراکمسنجی اثرگذار باشند؛ بر مبنای این عوامل روشهایی شامل ORAI, OST, SCORE و غيره جهت تعیین خطر ابداع شدند. در این مطالعه دو روش SCORE و OST جهت تعیین احتمال پوکی استخوان با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. مواد و روشها: این تحقیق به روش تشخیصی در بیمارستان لقمان در سال 1387 روی 210 خانم یائسه انجام شد. پس از محاسبه OST و SCORE ، تراکمسنجی انجام شد و موارد پوکی استخوان ( T-Score ≤ -2.5 ) و در معرض خطر ( T-Score ≤ -2 ) مجزا شدند. حساسیت، ویژگی، نسبت درست نمایی (LR) ، صحت تستها و سطح زیر نمودار این دو گروه محاسبه شدند. همچنین PPV و NPV هر یک از این روشها نسبت به نتایج BMD تعیین و در نهایت TP ، TN ، FN و FP آنها با آزمون کای دو مورد قضاوت آماری قرار گرفت. یافتهها: میانگین سن افراد، 3/57 سال بود. 43 نفر (3/20%) مبتلا به پوکی استخوان و 88 نفر (7/41%) در معرض خطر بودند. مقادیر PPV و NPV برای آزمون OST به ترتیب 2/39% و 6/91% و برای آزمون SCORE به ترتیب 2/34 و 8/97 بود. موارد صحیح و ناصحیح دو روش مشابه بودند (4/0> (p . SCORE ، دارای بالاترین حساسیت در هر دو گروه پوکی استخوان و در معرض خطر بود (به ترتیب 95% و 2/88%) و همچنین بالاترین ارزش اخباری منفی و نسبت شانس تشخیصی ( Diagnostic Odds Ratio ) را داشت. OST دارای بیشترین ویژگی در هر دو گروه بود (4/71% و 4/75%) و نیز بالاترین نسبت درست نمایی را داشت. نتيجهگيري: به نظر میرسد که این دو آزمون اختلاف معنیداری در پیشگویی پوکی استخوان با یکدیگر نداشتند. OST با ویژگی و نسبت درستنمایی بالاتر میتواند در تفکیک افراد بیمار مؤثرتر باشد و SCORE با حساسیت بیشتر و ارزش اخباری منفی و صحت، ارزش در تفکیک افراد غیر بیمار دارد.
This study aims at the relation between regular participation in sport and leisure time behaviors... more This study aims at the relation between regular participation in sport and leisure time behaviors among teenagers in Gorgan. The sample statistical this research was 1600 adolescents (713 male and 947 female) that selected simple randomly. Statistical analysis of data (e.g. Poisson Regression test) indicated that Regular participation in sports positively with higher frequency of walking and cycling during leisure time was associated. But, there is no significant relationship between frequency of participation in sports and watching TV.
This study aims at the surveying relation between leisure time activities and obesity in female a... more This study aims at the surveying relation between leisure time activities and obesity in female and male 9-14 years of Tehran region 5 and their relation with their parents Scio-Economic Status. The sample statistical this research was 78 male and female students with the range years 9-14 that selected simple randomly. Statistical analysis of data (e.g. Pearson correlation and independent t test) indicated that the most leisure time activities in female and male 9-14 years of Tehran region 5 was respectively 1- implement of homework, 2- watching TV, 3-exercise in school, 4- study, 5-runnig. Also, there is no significant relationship between leisure time activities and obesity and their parents Scio-Economic Status in between female and male 9-14 years of Tehran region 5.
A split-plot experiment using randomized complete block design with 3 replications was conducted ... more A split-plot experiment using randomized complete block design with 3 replications was conducted in the Fashtal village of Siahkal in the cropping year 2013-2014 to study the effects of various rates of nitrogen fertilizer and of planting dates on yield and yield components of the colza (Brassica napus L.) cultivar Hyola401. Four levels of the nitrogen fertilizer (urea at 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha) were the main plots, and 4 planting dates (7, 17, 27 October and 6 November 2013) the subplots. Results showed the effects of the planting dates and rates of urea on biomass, seed yield, plant height were significant at the 1% probability level (p<0.01). The effects of the rates of fertilizer application, but those of the planting dates on harvest index and 1000-seed weight were not. The mutual effects of rate of urea application and planting date were not significant on any of the studied traits except for biomass and seed yield. The maximum yield was observed in the treatment with th...
Introduction: The increase in immobility in all sections of society, especially children and adol... more Introduction: The increase in immobility in all sections of society, especially children and adolescents, has become one of the most important concerns in the health status of this age group. Aim: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of watching models of teaching physical activity on cognitive-motor components and physical competence among children. Method: The current research was a semi-experimental study with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all 8-10 year-old boy students of Khoi city in the academic year of 2021-2022. 30 males with aged 8-10 years were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. To data collection, we used the Canadian Physical Literacy Assessment Tool (CAPL), Physical Fitness Scale, Progressive Aerobic Fitness Test, Health-Related Physical Fitness Test and Basic Physical Education Training. Univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance were us...
The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of repeated competition on salivary co... more The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of repeated competition on salivary cortisol and DHEA-S in amateur women karate athletes. We recruited 20 young elite female karate fighters [height 158 ± 7 cm (mean ± S.D.), weight 59.5 ± 10.9 kg, age 21.1 ± 3.0 years], who were placed first till fourth in the Iranian championship tournament. Five ml of unstimulated whole saliva was collected 30-min before and 5-min after first and last match in competition and analyzed for cortisol and DHEA-S concentrations. The results showed that participation in competition resulted in significantly increased saliva cortisol level (p < 0.05). The concentration of salivary cortisol increased throughout the competition (p < 0.05). Although the concentration of cortisol was decreased after a final competition, it was higher than resting values (p < 0.05). The concentration of salivary DHEA-S was not affected by competition (p > 0.05). Significant differences in salivary steroid...
Sports industry includes sectors such as sporting goods, marketing and financial support. Changes... more Sports industry includes sectors such as sporting goods, marketing and financial support. Changes in marketing concept over the past decade lead all businesses and organizations to customer Orientation and customer loyalty. This aim of this study is to examine loyalty of Wushu premier league team athletes to sport brands and identify its underlying factors. The method of this study was descriptive, correlation, longitudinal and applied and data was collected in field method. The statistical population of study included all athletes participating in Wushu premier league (150) and was held in Tehran and sample was selected as (n = 150). The tool was new version of brand loyalty evaluation questionnaire of Lau et al (2006) including eleven factors of product quality brand name, price, product style, shop environment, advertisement, quality of services, affected by others, social class, lifestyle and advertisement size. Reliability of questionnaire was obtained 0.86 in a preliminary stu...
The current study aimed to investigate factor structure, internal consistency, and construct vali... more The current study aimed to investigate factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity of the scale to measure attitude toward advertising through sport. To collect data, a 45-item, seven-point Likert scale to measure attitude toward advertising through sport proposed by Pyun (2006) was applied [37]. A total of 390 students were selected in the sport management courses at Bachelor's (BBA), Master's (MBA) and Doctoral (PhD) levels from universities of Tehran (Iran) during the academic year 2012-2013 by using a random sampling method. The confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the construct validity. The findings showed that Cronbach's coefficient alpha provided a good estimate of the reliability for the total scale (0.86) and seven factors. Through the confirmatory factor analysis, the obtained coefficients were significant (> 1.96), indicating the necessary validity for the scale. The study provided support for the application of the scale ...
Article history: Received 12 November 2014 Received in revised form 31 December 2014 Accepted 22 ... more Article history: Received 12 November 2014 Received in revised form 31 December 2014 Accepted 22 January 2015 Available online 25 February 2015
Individuals' perspective on life has changed and they efforts to improve their aspects of qua... more Individuals' perspective on life has changed and they efforts to improve their aspects of quality of life. In the sport environment, burnout has been defined “as a psychological, emotional, and physical withdrawal from a formerly pursued and enjoyable sport as a result of excessive stress which acts on the athlete over time.The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of life and burnout on athletes.The result indicates that there was negative significant relationship between quality of life with athlete burnout. Also, there was negative significant relationship between Physical performance, Energy/Fatigue,Mental Health,Social performance,Perceived general health with athlete burnout. Again, there was positive significant relationship between Limitations on roles due to physical Problems,Limitation on roles due to emotional problems,physical pain with athlete burnout.Developing quality of life could decrease burnout athletes.
The aim of the present study was to investigate causal relationship with the brand personality to... more The aim of the present study was to investigate causal relationship with the brand personality to Brand trust and brand affect in consumer sport. In this research, causal and data collection tools is a scale developed by the researchers based on Aaker model has been developed Face validity by experts and professionals in sports management and business administration has been confirmed. The population of this study, 300 students of Physical Education and Sports Science, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran were enrolled in the academic year 1392. Data gathered collected using confirmatory factor analysis and application were analyzed by LISREL software. The results showed that the dimensions of brand personality, the Ruggedness and Brand trust and brand affect positive and statistically significant. Significant effect on Brand trust and Sincerity and emotion of brand affect did not have a significant positive impact on the perfect brand affect of Brand trust, but are not so. The co...
Robustness of self- confidence beliefs (the ability to maintain confidence beliefs in the face of... more Robustness of self- confidence beliefs (the ability to maintain confidence beliefs in the face of adversity) have been highlighted as an important characteristic that contributes to the make up of mentally tough athletes. The purpose of the present set of studies was to validity and reliability of a trait measure of robustness of self-confidence in sport. beginning, for Validity questionnaires of robustness of self- confidence in the sports competition, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. Cronbach's alpha method to evaluate the internal consistency and coefficient reliability and test-retest (espearman and Pearson correlations coefficient formula) and split half methods to confirm stability of the questionnaire was used. Results showed that the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the questionnaire Robustness of self- confidence is 0/731 and In terms of reliability is acceptable. Results support that the trait measure of...
Organizational citizenship behavior is according to Organ an “individual behavior that is discret... more Organizational citizenship behavior is according to Organ an “individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly. Personality has been defined as ‘‘psychological qualities that contribute to an individual’s enduring and distinctive patterns of feeling, thinking and behaving’’. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and organizational citizenshipbehavior on athletes. The result indicates that there was significant relationship between personality traits and OCB. There were positive significant relationship between Openness to experience (P= 0.00, r= 0.17), agreeableness (P= 0.00, r= 0.21), Conscientiousness (P= 0.00, r= 0.19) with OCB. Also, There was negative significant relationship between Neuroticism (P= 0.02, r= - 0.14) with OCB. Again, There wasn’t significant relationship between Extraversion (P= 0.07, r= - 0.11) with OCB.By identify athletes personality traits coaches could develop their OCB.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2021
One of the modern ways of investing in sports and advertising is through sports. Along with finan... more One of the modern ways of investing in sports and advertising is through sports. Along with financial backers, the ambush marketing phenomenon has been around for three decades. In Iran, one of the weaknesses is the lack of rules and weakness in the implementation of marketing laws. Football and wrestling are popular sports in Iran and have significant sponsors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the situation of ambush marketing in football and wrestling. The present study is of qualitative type. The statistical population includes 12 professionals: professors of sports marketing, media officials, the Football Federation, and football wrestling and financial support. Research tools are semi-structured interviews and research methods, content analysis and thematic analysis using Nvivo8 software. The research results showed that the term hidden marketing should be used instead of ambush marketing, and strict legislation and heavy financial penalties are required by lawmaker...
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Summer Conferences of Sports Science, 2019
Since sport entrepreneurship has recently been proved critical to the sport industry success, her... more Since sport entrepreneurship has recently been proved critical to the sport industry success, herein, we tested conceptual model of entrepreneurial marketing for sport club managers in Tehran, Iran. In order to assess entrepreneurial marketing, club nature, performance scale, market orientation, and entrepreneurship orientation, standardized methods of measurements were applied. The face and content validity of the research tools were confirmed by experts of sport marketing while the construct validity was affirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Structural Equation Modelling (SME) was estimated using partial least squares method in Smart PLS software. Our results demonstrated that except for entrepreneurship orientation, there was a positive and significant relationship between all variables and organizational performance. Moreover, a positive and significant relationship was also detected between all variables, except for market orientation, and entrepreneurial marketing. According to the goodness of fit, the model fitness was good (0.621).
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018
Rising life expectancy in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), coupled with the increasing bur... more Rising life expectancy in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), coupled with the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, accentuates the importance of generating information to support public health strategies. With this aim in mind, the purpose of this study was to identify correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in LMIC. We analyzed Wave 1 data (collected 2007-2010) from the World Health Organization's longitudinal Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), which focuses on nationally representative samples of adults aged 50 years and older from six countries (
سابقه و هدف: عوامل متعددی میتوانند در پیشگویی احتمال پوکی استخوان و تصمیمگیری برای انجام تراکم... more سابقه و هدف: عوامل متعددی میتوانند در پیشگویی احتمال پوکی استخوان و تصمیمگیری برای انجام تراکمسنجی اثرگذار باشند؛ بر مبنای این عوامل روشهایی شامل ORAI, OST, SCORE و غيره جهت تعیین خطر ابداع شدند. در این مطالعه دو روش SCORE و OST جهت تعیین احتمال پوکی استخوان با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. مواد و روشها: این تحقیق به روش تشخیصی در بیمارستان لقمان در سال 1387 روی 210 خانم یائسه انجام شد. پس از محاسبه OST و SCORE ، تراکمسنجی انجام شد و موارد پوکی استخوان ( T-Score ≤ -2.5 ) و در معرض خطر ( T-Score ≤ -2 ) مجزا شدند. حساسیت، ویژگی، نسبت درست نمایی (LR) ، صحت تستها و سطح زیر نمودار این دو گروه محاسبه شدند. همچنین PPV و NPV هر یک از این روشها نسبت به نتایج BMD تعیین و در نهایت TP ، TN ، FN و FP آنها با آزمون کای دو مورد قضاوت آماری قرار گرفت. یافتهها: میانگین سن افراد، 3/57 سال بود. 43 نفر (3/20%) مبتلا به پوکی استخوان و 88 نفر (7/41%) در معرض خطر بودند. مقادیر PPV و NPV برای آزمون OST به ترتیب 2/39% و 6/91% و برای آزمون SCORE به ترتیب 2/34 و 8/97 بود. موارد صحیح و ناصحیح دو روش مشابه بودند (4/0> (p . SCORE ، دارای بالاترین حساسیت در هر دو گروه پوکی استخوان و در معرض خطر بود (به ترتیب 95% و 2/88%) و همچنین بالاترین ارزش اخباری منفی و نسبت شانس تشخیصی ( Diagnostic Odds Ratio ) را داشت. OST دارای بیشترین ویژگی در هر دو گروه بود (4/71% و 4/75%) و نیز بالاترین نسبت درست نمایی را داشت. نتيجهگيري: به نظر میرسد که این دو آزمون اختلاف معنیداری در پیشگویی پوکی استخوان با یکدیگر نداشتند. OST با ویژگی و نسبت درستنمایی بالاتر میتواند در تفکیک افراد بیمار مؤثرتر باشد و SCORE با حساسیت بیشتر و ارزش اخباری منفی و صحت، ارزش در تفکیک افراد غیر بیمار دارد.
This study aims at the relation between regular participation in sport and leisure time behaviors... more This study aims at the relation between regular participation in sport and leisure time behaviors among teenagers in Gorgan. The sample statistical this research was 1600 adolescents (713 male and 947 female) that selected simple randomly. Statistical analysis of data (e.g. Poisson Regression test) indicated that Regular participation in sports positively with higher frequency of walking and cycling during leisure time was associated. But, there is no significant relationship between frequency of participation in sports and watching TV.
This study aims at the surveying relation between leisure time activities and obesity in female a... more This study aims at the surveying relation between leisure time activities and obesity in female and male 9-14 years of Tehran region 5 and their relation with their parents Scio-Economic Status. The sample statistical this research was 78 male and female students with the range years 9-14 that selected simple randomly. Statistical analysis of data (e.g. Pearson correlation and independent t test) indicated that the most leisure time activities in female and male 9-14 years of Tehran region 5 was respectively 1- implement of homework, 2- watching TV, 3-exercise in school, 4- study, 5-runnig. Also, there is no significant relationship between leisure time activities and obesity and their parents Scio-Economic Status in between female and male 9-14 years of Tehran region 5.
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